Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Makahiki o ke aupuni kulekele

Mikhail Fedorovich lilo ka mua Lūkini tsar o ka Romanov aliʻi. I ka pau ana o Pepeluali 1613 i koho 'ia i ka luna o ke aupuni a hiki i ka Russian Zemsky Sobor. He lilo ke aliʻi i nōhie hooilina,ʻaʻole ma ke kāʻili 'ana i ka mana, a me ka ole o kona iho Kawaipunahele. Mikhail Fedorovich i waeʻia e ke Akua a me na kanaka, a ma ia manawa oia ua wale nō 16 makahiki. Kona noho alii ana, ua he loa pilikia manawa. Mikhail Fedorovich i hoʻopaʻi i ka hana me ka kaumaha hoʻokele waiwai a me ka mau pilikia: ka aina mai o ka chaos i loko i ka mea i ma hope o ka pilikia, e hookiekie a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele waiwai, e malama i ka ?? eoi? O ka fatherland, weluwelu ia. Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - e hoopaa, a koho i ka hale o Romanov ma luna o ka noho aliʻi Lūkini.

Romanovʻana. Mihail Fedorovich Romanov

Ka Romanov ohana i Boyar Fedora Nikiticha, ka mea ma hope lilo makua'lii Filaret, a me Xenia Ivanovna (Shestova), July 12, 1596, ua he keiki kāne. Ka mea, kapa aku la ia ia Michael. Romanovʻohana Ua pili me ka mamo aliʻi Rurikovich , a ua nui loa kona waiwai a me ka maikaʻi-ike ia a. Kēia boyarʻohana mea a nuiʻana,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka'ākau, a kikowaena hapa o Rusia, akā, no hoi ma ka Don, a ma ka Ukraine. Ma mua, Michael noho me kona mau makua ma Moscow, akā, i ka 1601 i kona ohana iho la i loko o Punahele ole, a i na hoopai ana i ka hōʻinoʻoe. Aliʻi iā Boris Godunov haʻiʻia mai iā ia e hoʻomākaukau i nā Romanovs ke kuka a me ka makemake e pepehi ia ia me ke kōkua o ke kilokilo potion. Ka luku hahai koke - Ua hopu nui kona mau lala o ka Romanovʻohana. I June 1601 ma ka halawai o ka Boyar Duma verdict ua: Fedor Nikitich a me kona mau pōkiʻi: Alexander, o Mikaela, Vasily a me Ivan - E e nele ana o ka waiwai, puʻe wale akula kēlā e oki i ka möneka, a hoʻokuewa wale 'a hoopaaia ma kekahi wahi mamao mai ke kulanakauhale alii. Ua hoouna Fedor Nikitich i Antony o Siya hoailona, a ua noho ma ka mehameha, neoneo wahi, 165 mile, mai luna'ānela, ma ka muliwai Dvina i. Ma laila i loaʻa i kona makua kāne Mikhail Fedorovich i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mōneka, a kapa Filaret. i hoopiiia Mother o ka wā e hiki mai autocrat, Xenia Ivanovna, o ka complicity i loko o ka hewa ku ei ka mana aliʻi, a hoʻouna akula i loko o ke pioʻana i loko o ka Novgorod Apana, ma Tol-Egoryevsky graveyard i o Vazhitskomu hoailona. Here kona lauohoʻokiʻoki i loko o ka Nuna, o Mareta kono inoa, a ua hoopaaia ma ka liʻiliʻi hale, ua puni i ka pa kiʻekiʻe.

Loulou Mikhail Fedorovich i Byelozero

Little Michael, ka poe i ma ia manawa i ke ono o ka makahiki, a hoʻokuewa wale 'a me kona ewalu-makahiki kaikuahine Tatyana Fedorovna a me ka makuahine, Marfoyu Nikitichnoy Cherkassky, Ulyanoy Semenovoy a me Anastasia Nikitichna ma Beloozero. Aia, ke keiki la i loko o ka loa kalakala 'ia, malnourished, waiho wale aku no ke kālā a me nā mea pilikia. I ka 1603, Boris Godunov i hoopalupaluia, i ka olelo, a ae Michael makuwahine, Martha Ivanovna, e hele mai ma luna o Beloozero keiki. A pōkole manawa ma hope autocrat ae e resettle i nā pio i loko o Yuriev-Polsky Apana, ma ke kauhale o Klin - maoli fiefdom Romanovs. I ka 1605, oia hopu mana wahaheʻe Dmitry I, makemake, e ho'āʻo lākou kinship me ka i kapaia Romanov hoi i Moscow koena o kona elele mai ke pio, a me ka ohana a Mikaela, a me ia iho. Fedor Nikitich Ua haawiia mai Rostov archdiocese.

Smoot. Ka moku'āina o ka hoʻopuniʻana i loko o Moscow, ka wā e hiki mai ke alii

I ka paʻakikī manawa mai ka 1606 a hiki i 1610 makahiki, i nā rula Vasiliy Shuysky. I loko o kēia wā nui hana keaka hanana hiki ma Rusia. ikea Including a ulu ana "powa", ke kua'āina uprising, i alakai I. Bolotnikov. Kekahi manawa ma hope, oia no kēlā me kēia mai me ka hou pretender, "Tushino" wahaheʻe Dmitry II. Polish uao hoomaka. Mokuaina hao wale hoopio Smolensk. Boyars Shuisky Ua lukuʻia, mai ka noho aliʻi ma muli o ia i ka mea ia ia wikiwiki manao me Kuekene Vyborg aelike. Ma lalo o kēia 'aelike, ka Swedes hooholo, e kōkua Rusia e kaua aku i ka mea wahaheʻe Dmitry, a me ka hoʻi loaa ke kola Peninsula. Eia naʻe, i ka hopena o ka Vyborg aelike i ole hoola Rusia - auamo i luku mai i ka Lūkini-Kuekene kaua i loko o ke kaua Klushinskoy, a wehe iho hoʻokokoke mai ai i Moscow. I keia manawa, i ka boyars, holo i ka aina, hoopaa ia, laulea a hiki i ke keiki a ke alii o ka mokuaina Sigismund, Vladislav. Ke aupuni Ua Wāwahi i loko o nā wahi hoʻomoana,. I ka wā mai ka 1610 a hiki i 1613 makahiki o Anati-Polish uprising o na kanaka ua ala ae nei ia. I ka 1611 ka mea i hana i ka militia ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Lyapunov, akā, ka mea i luku ma luna o nā outskirts o Moscow. I ka 1612 i ka mea lua militia. Ua Ua alai ai e Dmitry Pozharsky a me Kuzma Minin. I ka hopena o ke kauwela o 1612, aia ua he weliweli kaua, a i loaa ma ka Lūkini poʻe kaua. Hetman Chodkiewicz aku la Vorobiev mauna i. Ma ka pau ana o Okatoba ka Lūkini koa mao ka Moscow, mai ka auamo entrenched i loko o ka mea, e kali ana no ka kōkua mai Sigismund. Lūkini boyars, a me Mikhail Fedorovich me kona makuwahine o Mareta, hoopio, ke alahouana, ma ka pololi a me ka mea pilikia, i hope, kuu.

Ho'āʻo pepehi kanaka o Fyodor Mikhailovich

Ma hope o ka paakiki hoʻopuniʻana o Moscow, Mikhail Fedorovich hele i Kostroma fiefdom. Eia, i ka wā e hiki mai King haka pakele i ka make ma ka lima o ke koa i ka auamo i noho i loko o ke alahao-Borovsky hoailona , a imi i ke ala a hiki i Domnino. Spa o Mikhail Fedorovich kua'āina Ivan Susanin, mea i hāʻawi manawaleʻa e hōʻike mai nāʻaihue i ke ala e hiki ai i ka wā e hiki mai ke aliʻi, a alakaʻi iā lākou i kaʻaoʻao e ku pono, i na Swamp. A wā e hiki mai ke alii i kona puʻuhonua, i loko o ka hoailona o ka Yusupov. Ivan Susanin i ke alahouana,, akāʻo ia i i hōʻike aku i ka wahi o ka Romanov. A i ka pilikia wā kamaliʻi a me adolescence ua i ka wā e hiki mai ke alii, ka mea i mea 5 makahiki kahiko, Ua limanui kaawale, mai ko lākou mau mākua, a noho me ka makua kāne o kona makuwahine, lilo iho la i keiki makua, ua hoano e ka'īnea o ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka waho ao nei, no ka weliweli o ka ikiiki, a me ka pololi.

Zemsky Sobor 1613 koho o Mikhail Fedorovich

Ma hope iho o ka expulsion o ka poʻe komohewa boyars a me ka militia alakaiia e Prince Pozharsky i i ka olelo hooholo a hiki i ka hou ke alii koho. Pepeluali 7, 1613 ma ka ka mua koho o ke alii, mai Galich i manaoia e enthrone kana keiki Filaret, Mikhail Fedorovich. No a pau na moho oia kinship ua i ka hoʻopuniʻana i ka Rurikʻohana. Ma na kulanakauhale he nui i hoʻouna i nāʻelele e loaʻa mai kanaka ka manao. February 21, 1613 hope loa ke koho i ekemu ae. Nā poʻe hoʻoholo: "No ka mō'ī Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov." Me keia olelo hooholo, i ka mea lele olelo e hai aku i ke koho ana o Mikhail Romanov tsar. March 14, 1613 nāʻelele, pu ma ka huakaʻi, hele mai la i ka Ipatiev hoailona, a kuʻi lae Nuna, Martha. Lōʻihi aneane hope mai e fruition, a me Mihail Fedorovich Romanovʻae e ke alii e. Wale 2 May 1613 a hooko aku la i ka nani mau ahaaina a komo i Moscow mō'ī - wā, ma kona manao, ke kapikala, a me ka Kremlin ua makaukau, eʻae ia. July 11 Ua kau i ka noho alii ana o ka mea hou mō'ī - Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Ke hālāwai ka lawelaweʻia e paʻa i loko o ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka noho alii ana o ka Emperor

Mikhail Fedorovich i nā'ōpū i haehaeia, luku a depleted i ke aupuni. I ka paʻakikī manawa kanaka i nele i pono ia i autocrat - he lokomaikaʻi, onaona, akahai, keia ano, a me ka lokomaikaʻi i ka ia manawa ma na ano o ka uhane. He mea känalua 'na kanaka i kapa ia "akahai." Ke kanaka o ke aliʻi, kōkua, e hoʻoikaika i ka mana o ka Romanovs. Wahi lulu Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha ma ka hoʻomaka o kona noho alii ana, i pahuna ma hoihoi mea i loko o ke aupuni. An nui hana mea e hoʻopau i nā gangs o brigands rampaging na wahi a pau. Me ka Cossack chieftain Ivan Zarutsky kaua mai ai i ka kaua maoli, i culminated ma ka hopu ana i pio, a mahope hooko. Huʻi pilikia o na kauwa. I ka 1613, i ka puunaue ana o lehulehu aina e pono no lakou, ua haliia mai la mawaho.

Nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI hoʻoholo - he truce me Kuekene

Aina Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha i kia ma ka hopena o ka armistice me Kuekene a me ka hoopau ana i ke kaua me ka Poland. I ka 1617, ua hoʻonaniʻia Stolbovsky aelike. Keia palapala kauoha aku i pau ai i ke kaua me Kuekene, a mau ae la ia no ka makahiki ekolu. Ano, ua maheleia Novgorod aina ma waena o ka Lūkini aupuni a pau (oia hoi ke pio kulanakauhale: Veliky Novgorod, Ladoga, Gdov, Porkhov, Staraya Russa a me Sumerskaya māhele) a me ke aupuni o Kuekene (ia i hiki ai Ivangorod, Koporje, Yam, Korela, Oreshek, Neva). A, Moscow i e uku i ka nui huina o Kuekene - 20 tausani rubles kālā. Stolbovsky honua oki ae la i ka aina, mai ka Baltic kai, akā, no ka Moscow makou manao keia truce ae e hoʻomau lākou kaua me Poland.

I ka pau 'ana o ka Russian-Polish kaua. E hoʻi o ka makua'lii Filaret

Russian-Polish kaua ana, me ka loli iki ana i ka pomaikai, mai 1609. I ka 1616 i ka enemi koa, alai ae e Wladyslaw Vasa a me ka hetman Yanom Hodkevichem, kaua akula Lūkini ?? eoi? Ee, no ko ianei manao e hookahuli i ka noho aliʻi o Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Ka mea, ke hiki wale Mozhaisk, kahi mea i kaulia ana. Mai 1618 a hiki i ke kaua, ua hui i ka poe koa o Ukrainian Cossacks Hetman P. Sahaidachny alai ae. Olelo koa ka mea, makani ino mai ai i ka Moscow, akā,ʻo ua hoʻokuʻikahi. Polish hao wale aku la lakou a noho ma ka Trinity-Seregio hoailona. E like me ka hopena, i ka poe hooholo i ka negotiate a i kakauinoa ia ka armistice i loko o ka kauhale Deulina December 11, 1618, i pau ai i ka Lūkini-Polish kaua. Terms o ka aelike, ua noho lakou malaila, akā, i ka Lūkini aupuni hooholo, eʻae mai ia lakou ma ka mea, e pau ana i ka na instability, a, e kūkulu hou i ka aina. Ma lalo o ka aelike, Rusia lags ma ke kua o Rzeczpospolita Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, Smolensk, Novgoro-Seversky, Chernigov, Serpeysk a me na kulanakauhale e ae. Nō hoʻi i nā kūkaʻi'ōleloʻana ia iʻae aku i na pio. July 1, 1619 ma ka muliwai Polyanovka i ana pio, a Filaret, ka makua kāne i ke aliʻi o ka mea hope hoi aku la i ka hale. Kekahi manawa ma hope, Ua hoolilo iho la oia makua'lii.

Diarchy. Ke akamai olelo hooholo o nā luna o ka honua Lūkini

Ke Lūkini aupuni makemake e hoʻokūpaʻa ai-kapaia pālua mana. Together me kona makua kāne, ka makua'lii Mikhail Fedorovich hoomaka ae la e hoomalu. He, e like me ka ke alii ia ia iho, Ua haawiia mai i ka inoa o "aliʻi nui". I ka 28 makahiki, Mikhail Fedorovich mare Maria Vladimirovna Dolgoruky. Akā, i ka makahiki hope ua make. Ka lua o ka manawa, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich mare Evdokii Lukyanovne Streshnevoy. Iloko o na makahiki o ka mare hanau mai la ia he umi keiki. I mau, Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha a me Filaret i ua nona ma ka centralization o ka mana, i ka hoihoi hou ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, a hoʻopiha i ka waihona waiwai. Ma June 1619 ka mea i hooholo ia devastated'āina auhau i e e lawe ia e kanaka kiaʻi a me cadastres. Ua Ua hooholoia e lawe mai i ka heluna helu hou, e hookupaa i ka kiko'ī ka nui o ka auhau i loaʻa. Ma ka wahi i ua hoouna mai e ka poe kakauolelo a me ka dozorschiki. Ma ka noho alii ana o Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova e hoʻoikaika 'i ka auhau'ōnaehana i hoʻouluulu kakauolelo puke i lawe i nā manawaʻelua. Mai ka 1620 ma ke kula i hoonohoia e na kiaaina, a me na lunakahiko, e malama kauoha.

hoihoi hou ana i Moscow

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Mikhail Fedorovich ke kiʻekiʻe o hoihoi i ke kapikala a me na kulanakauhale e ae, i luku ai i ka pilikia. I ka 1624 ka mea i kūkuluʻia Stone halelewa, a ma ko uaki ma luna o ka Spasskaya hale kiaʻi, a belfry kūkulu Filaret. I ka makahiki i kūkuluʻia 1635-1636 pohaku wahi i noho ai no ke alii, a me kona poe mamo ma ka wahi o ka wa kahiko lāʻau. 15 na ekalesia i ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Rotehama a hiki i ka Spassky puka. Ma waho aʻeo no ka ho'āla houʻana i luku kūlanakauhale, i ke kulekele Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova i pahuna ma hou enslavement o na kauwa. I ka 1627, ua hana i ke kānāwai e 'ae nā kaukaualiʻi lākou'āina hoʻoili aku ai i (ke alii i hoʻohana' e hana i kēia). Eia hou kekahi, he lākou o ka elima kiu i uhu kauwa, i ka 1637 i hoopomaikai io ia 9 makahiki, a ma ka 1641-ka m - i no 10 makahiki.

E pili ana i ka hou koa regiments

An nui ha awina o Mikhail Romanov i ka hoʻokumu o kekahi mau lahui kaua. Ma ka 30-ies. XVII kenekulia he mau "shelves o ka hou nenoaiu." Iwaena o lakou i haku o boyars 'keiki, a me kanaka, a me nā malihini i maliuʻia no ke kūlana o nā luna. I ka 1642 ka mea, hoomaka ae la nooaai? Haole koa kanaka kaua. Eia hou kekahi, hoomaka ae la lakou e hana i Reitarska na koa a me ka lio dragoon regiments. I koho mau Moscow regiments i hana, i i hope kapa Lefortovo a me Butyrsky (mai ka noho, i i ke aupuni ').

hana hooulu

Ma waho aʻeo no ka hanaia'na o ke kaua, ke alii Mihail Fedorovich Romanov ho'āʻo e hoʻomōhala okoa akamai i loko o ke aupuni. Ke aupuni ua, e kahea aku i na Manufacturers (prospectors, Mamua, gunsmiths) ma 'ano hua'ōlelo. I Moscow, ua hoʻokumu ka German hooponopono, kahi a lakou i noho ai, a hana e like me ka lunaʻenehana a me ka haole koa. I ka 1632 o ka mea kanu no ka hoolei ana i ka Korata: a me na pu kokoke Tula i kūkulu. ? Ac? Aaioea a me ka lole hana: Velvet iwilei weheia ma Moscow. Aia Ua lawe mai aʻo velvet hihia. Ma Kadashevskaya Sloboda a hemo lole manufacturing.

kahi o ka hopena

Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov make ma ka makahiki o ka 49 makahiki. Ua hiki July 12, 1645. I ka hopena o kona hui hana ua malie moku'āina, ka luuluu loa ka haunaele, me ka paa o centralized mana, ka waiwai, uplift, e hoihoi mai i ka hoʻokele waiwai, hana a me ka aie. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o ka Romanov mua i papani ai hoi i ke kaua me Kuekene a me Poland, a me ka hou, i ua hoʻokumu 'kalaiaina ana me na aina oʻEulopa.