Palani Art: mau ano, mōʻaukala

Mōʻaukala o ka Palani nō uhi he nui wā o ka moolelo, mai kahiko mai ai i ko makou manawa.

France - he kupanaha aupuni, i mea ano o ka mea pohihihi a me ka sophistication, glamor a me ka sophistication, elevation, a kūikawāʻono no ka mea maikai. A me ka mōʻaukala o ke kahua o kona kū hoʻokahi, a ua lilo ia i benchmark o ka e lauwili, a me nā hana oe i emi kahaha ko oukou naau ma mua o ka moku'āina iho.

Kāʻei kua ho okumu i Frankish aupuni

E maopopo i nā hiʻona o ka muli a me ka hoʻomohala o Palani nō, ia mea e pono ia e ka waleʻana aku i loko o ka mōʻaukala hou kahiko i hala, ka wā i hapa o ka Mea Hemolele Roma aupuni a pau o ka ?? eoi? O kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Palani moku'āina. Ka IV kenekulia hoomakaʻeleu neʻe kela poe kanaka eiʻohana o ka Rhine a hiki i na palena o ke aupuni a pau. Kā lākou ho'āhewa wale a me ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika incursions i loko o Roma aina i pale ole e luku, ikaika ke olonā wāwae moku'āina Lakina. A me ka 395, ua māheleʻia ka Roma aupuni a pau hoʻi ma waena o nā keiki kāne o ka papa Emperor i loko o nā māhele: Theodosius i kauoha mai ai i ka richest hikina hapa o kona ?? eoi? Makahiapo-kane, Arkady a me komohana i ke keiki pokii - Honorius. I ka māhele o ka Roma aupuni a pau ma ka aoao hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ua fragile Roma moku'āina, a i mea hou kūlana i mawaho poe enemi.

I ka mokuna o kēia Farani i kekahi hapa o ka mea kahiko komohana hapa o ka Roma aupuni a pau. A ikaika loa i loko o ka makahiki 410 poʻe hao wale hanaia mai Roma Visigoths, nana i alai ae Allar. Ka hope Roma Auguseto nawaliwali moku'āina hunaia ma Ravenna, e waiho ana i ka Roma mau loa. Ma laila i loaʻa ia ia i loaa mai me ka poe koa, a me ka Odoacer - kekahi o na alakai luna Visigothʻohana. Ia mea, mai kēia hanana ia i wahi i ka 476, a ua hoʻohui i ka haule hope loa o ka Roma aupuni a pau. Ma loaa na aina ma ka outbreak o ka Neʻekau Nui hoomaka ae la e hōʻike barbaric moku'āina. Ma ka V kenekulia ma ka māhele o Gaul i waho, a me ka moku'āina francs.

Frankish moku'āina, a me ka hooulu ana o Palani nō

Frank Kawaikapuokalani - he pūʻulu o nāʻohana o ka wa kahiko, noho ma luna o nā kapa o ka Rhine i loko o kona lalo ino i, a ae la i ka mokuna o ka Baltic kai. ua mea i hoʻokumu i o ka mua Frankish aupuni ma Europe i ka uʻi alihi kaua o ka Frank Hlodvig Meroving, nāna i pepehi iā i ka poe kaua o ka Roma kia'āina ma Gaul ma ke kaua o Soissons, a hopu aku la ia ia subordinate i ka ?? eoi? ee. Ke hou panalāʻau e noho ana i resettled kona mau hoa - francs, e haawi ana ia lakou i mau mea e kukaʻi o ka'āina, e paa ana ia i ka moʻo o ke aupuni nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka lehulehu luna, a ma ka hookolokolo-loio poepoe, i hooholoia i ka hanana palapala - "Salic kānāwai", ma muli ia o ka nōhie mea ohana Salian Frank. Eia hou, i uku ia a hiki i ke koho ana o Clovis manaoio kūikawā noonoo. Ke apono o ke Karistiano,ʻaʻole wale nō e hoʻoikaika i ka hou ana, akā, i alakaʻi ai i ke kahua o ka Frankish nō.

Ma hope o ka Merovingian aliʻi lilo palaualelo i ka pāʻana i nā mea o ke ola i loko o ke aupuni, lilo nui a me ka oi loa. E ike i ka pio aina aliʻi. Kupu permissiveness i loko o ka hooponopono ana o ko lakou mau mea e kukaʻi o ke ano hanohano, a me nā kauwa. Mahuahua impoverishment o ka heluna kanaka. Ma ka VIII kenekulia looms a me ka mea mawaho make māinoino mai ka nomadic ¶ʻO'Araba ohana. Mana i loko o ko lākou mau lima i kekahi o nā man- akia o ka hope Merovingian ke alii Karl Martell. He paa ana i ka helu o nā mea hoʻololi, a ua kōkua e hooikaika i ka moku'āina, a, e hoʻolilo i ka'ōlelo Arabia. A me ke keiki Karla Martella, Pippin Pika i koho 'ana i ka papa o ka mea hou ke aliʻi hanohano francs. Kēia i waeʻia i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka Pope. A mua Frankish Auguseto ka keiki a Pippin ka Hula Carl, ma hope i ua inoa kapakapa ka Nui i ka mōʻaukala. Ia Charles Frankish aupuni a aie kekahi kūikawā kahua o ka flowering o ka moʻomeheu a me ka akamai, a ua kapaia ka Carolingian pakebona.

Ka Art o "palapala" Frank

Inā mākou e maopopo i ka 'o i hanaia a me ka hoʻokumu o ka Frankish moku'āina, e lilo akaka, a me ka hopena o ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi, Aia i loko o nā manawa kahiko o ka Frankish nā panalāʻau e. Kēia uaʻano nui o ka ulu ana o ke kahiko maikai ana: na alahaka, ka noho hoʻohauʻoli a me ka luakini kuhikuhipuʻuone, kiʻi kaula, moʻokalaleo, keaka, a me nā mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai. Naʻe, ka mea Karistiano clergy i ole manaʻo mea pono e hookoe mai i ua mau nohona waiwai, akā, e hoʻohana i ka loa o ka poe i hiki ke hakuloli i ka haipule hoomana, a me ke kanaka i loko o ke alanui o ke ola. No laila, hoomana aku ma Karistiano ekalesia i paʻa i loko o Roma, ma ka ia 'ōlelo, a me ka hoʻomana puke i kākau.

E hoʻohana i kuhikuhipuʻuone loaa o ka kahiko, e hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu o ka ekalesia a me monasteries, me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka ike o ka kilohōkū kokua halepule mau lā' alemanaka, e hoʻomaulia i ka lā, i loko o ka Middle Ages hai aku i ke ola o ke aupuni a pau. i hakuloli Frank i ko lakou mau pono, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao'ōnaehana o ka pō Roma aupuni a pau. Ua mea noteworthy i ka luna 'kanaka, aʻo i loko o ka Frankish kula, i kapaia o "Ka Ehiku Liberal Arts". About mea i nā papa hana hana noʻeau i loko o nīnau? Ma ka ai-kapaia trivium i komo ai i ka 'epekema o ka olelo: grammar, rhetoric a me ka dialectic. Ke quadrivium komo i ka 'epekema o nā huahelu: makemakika, anahonua, mele, bilaʻanuʻu like Me a me ka kilohōkū.

I nā mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai moolelo lanakila barbaric hana, i i wehewehe aku ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i like ka nui maka pua o ka mea kanu a me ka holoholona e nani ai a me nā kiʻi o i na kupu nui a me ka mea i mai, mai nei i loko o ka lanakila, a me ka pinepine iʻano o kona makau i kona helehelena. Kēiaʻano o ke akamai, a kapa Terratological ole ia wä.

Art a me Culture o ka Carolingian hou

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Karla Velikogo ka mea, ua wehewehe aku ma kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi ala o ka moʻomeheu. Kekahi kumu no kēia mea i ke kanaka o ke Auguseto - he luawai-hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hana 'ike loea loa ke kanaka. He olelo o ka 'elele, a heluhelu ma Roma, i ike Greek, leʻaleʻa o ka theology a me ka kālaiʻike. Kekahi o ka mea kū hoʻokahi kuhikuhipuʻuone nā hale o kēia wā ua, heʻe piʻoloke ihola i loko o kona mea hoʻonani i ka hale ekalesia ma Aachen.

A hoʻomohala i ke akamai o ka hana ana i moʻolelo i kākau lima: ka mea i kākau aneane calligraphic a lima a me ka hoʻonaniʻia me ka nani'āhihi. Mawaena o na buke a pau nā theological palapala a me nā moʻolelo - manawa-ma muliʻikepili komo o nā hanana i mai ai i loko o ka Frankish aupuni a pau.

Ke aupuni a wehe kulaʻeleu ma iniiaiie a me ka waiwai aʻo. Mea nana i hana i ka mea mua i ke Ally Karla Alkuin. A me ka waiwai kula, wehe ma Aachen, lawe puʻepekema, ka ohana o ka Emperor, a me ka pau kahua Karla Velikogo. Ke kula i kapaʻia ka "Academy o ka Aha", he philosophical kēia hui kūkāʻana, i ka Baibala, a me ka moʻomeheu o ka kahiko a nānā aku, koho koke ihola nō nane a haku poetry. A me kekahi o na lala o ka Academy kakau iho la oia i ka mua naita ma Kawaihae "The Life Karla Velikogo".

Ua ua i loko o ke au o ka Carolingian pakebona waiho iho i ke kahua no ka malama ana a me ka hou o ka moolelo o ka wa kahiko moʻomeheu a me ke kumu no ka hou 'ana o ka moʻomeheu francs.

Ho okumu ana o ka Palani me ka lāhui kanaka

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o na mamo o Karla Velikogo aupuni a pau āna i hana aku a oi hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia. A hiki i ke aupuni a pau i puunaueia ma waena o kāna mau keiki kāne Charles, ke komohana mahele hele aku la i ka makahiapo-kane, Lothar. Kāna poʻe mamo hoomau i mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli o ka hakina moku'āina. Aupuni a haule iho la. I ka hope o ka Carolingian hope nalowale ole, a ua hana hewa. He haawi mai i ka pono, e ike i ka papa ana i ke Kauna ikaika o Paris Gugo Kapetu. He ka hikina hapa o ka mea kahiko Frankish aupuni a pau i kapa e like me Farani. Mahalo i ka hou ana rula Capetian ole wale ola ae la ia, akā, i kiʻi hou nā manawa kūpono no ko lakou ulu ana, a me ka moʻomeheu.

Folk no o medieval France

Ma ke keaka, i ike ai i ka hula a me ka medieval manawa i hoi i ka helu o nā loli i loko o e like me ka mea kahiko. Christian ekalesia noʻonoʻo i nā nā mea hana keaka a me accomplices o ka diabolo ikaika hahai noʻeau fraternity. E like me ka hopena, i ke keaka like me ka nui kŰia i oki ae i ka noho, hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a ainoeieoa hale i nā haule i loko o ka moku'āina o ka chaos, a hoomaka ae la na nā mea hana keaka e hana i kekahi roving troupe, a pâʻani 'o ia no na kanaka ma na crossroads, nani a me ka ahalike. Mobile pūʻulu o versatile Mea Keaka - gistrionov ua emi pono ka pale kaua no ka hoomaau e na luna, a me ka ekalesia, ia malama, a alualu i ko lakou mau pahu hopu i ka mea ia manawa ma ka pili ana me ka hiʻona i hanaia kauoha gistrionov, a hoouka hookae - holo mele. A kūikawā pūʻulu o Vagant - mua haumāna a me ka poe waiwai a me ka mōneka prosody hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka wahine nō i nāki ma na alanui, a mehameha i loko o kana mau hana a mele e pili ana i ko ke kino ke aloha, a me denounced popopo ekalesia a me ka popopo moku'āina.

Ekolu spheres o medieval nō

9/10 o ka heluna kanaka o medieval Farani, he mau kauwa. No ka mea, ke kumu o moku'āina moʻomeheu hiki ke hoakakaia me ke kua'āina. Ka hapa nui o ka lā lilo ma ka medieval kua'āina hana ma ka aina o ka feudal haku. Akā, i kēia 'aʻole i manaʻo i ka mea i ole i ka pono a me ka manawa no kaʻano o me ka moʻomeheu a me ke akamai. Ka hapa nui o lakou, he mau mele a me ka hula ka hana, Competition ma ka ikaika a me ka agility. A kūikawā wahi i loko o ke akamai o ke kanaka me ka me ka noho wale gistrionov manao. Aey? Acaeoey? A me nā loina. Ka naʻauao o nā kanaka i ka lewa i loko o nā loina: kaʻao, mele,'ōlelo akamai a me ka olelo. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumuhana i ka hilahila moʻolelo lapuwale waiwai ke kanakaʻilihune, akā, na ke kanaka 'ilihune ano ia i wahi, e like me ka rula, mai ke kua'āina ohana. Aoi ua ostrosotsialnymi: wehe aʻela ia i nā meaʻino o ke kaiāulu i loko o ka poepoe o ana o ke ano hanohano, a me ka peasantry, like hoʻi me kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka puu kaumaha o na kauwa. Created a me kaao, Mele me ka hoonani aku i ka hoʻomanaʻo o na koa, ka poe i kaua aku no ka hanohano a me ka hanohano o ke kanaka, he pono, a ma luna o feudal ka hainā.

I ka lua o kaʻaoʻao o ka medieval moʻomeheu a me ke akamai hoi i ke kulanakauhale i ke ola, i ka ulu a me ka pomaikai no ka i i ua ike mai ke IX kenekulia. Ka muli o ia i ka papa, o ka bourgeois, ua i ka hoʻomaka o ka hooulu ana mai o bourgeois moʻomeheu. Koke hemolele i ke akamai o artisans. Mākou hoʻololi i nā loina o kā lākou hana, a me ka mea e like ai hua huahana, he nui no a ianoiyuaa a i ke kiʻekiʻe waiwai like masterpieces o Nani Loa nō. Ia mea, mai keia manawa i hele mai i loko o mākou maʻamau o ke ola ka mea i kekahi hua'ōlelo me "he masterpiece". Kēlā haku, e hoʻopā ai kauä kuapaʻa fraternity i, e hōʻike aku kā lākou nā mākau, a e ke huahana hemolele. Ua ua he masterpiece. I nā hana i ke ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN a me ka Competition oihana i mua i ke motivator i loko o ka ulu ana o handicrafts. Akā, ma manawa, hoomaka ae la ka Shop e ālai ia 'aʻe me House ulu, e like me nā kānaka hoʻokūkū i ole makemake ia e hoolaia mai ai lakou i ka loa loea poe paahana, a me kekahi manawa i i makemake i ka malu o ka manufacturing o ka huahana a kaʻina mea haule i loko o nā lima o nā kānaka hoʻokūkū no ka mea. Pinepine lālā o kaʻahahui hoahanau i luku hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, a me kekahi manawa hoomaau i ko lakou haku.

Ekolu aoao medieval moʻomeheu a me ke akamai hoi i ke ola ana o ka honua kaawale o ka aristocracy - feudal. E like me ka rula, a pau ka feudal koa hana kaikaiia'ku ai imua o ke alii, e like me kona kino koa. Uuku na'lii he koa, mai ko lakou mau haku - ..ʻo Baron, Earl, etc. e hali ana i equestrian koa hana, ka mea, ua i kŰia o medieval ke kaiāulu kanaka, e like me ka kaua'ē aʻe. Knight ka moʻomeheu i wehewehe aku a me kona kū nō. O nā ke akamai o kaua'ē aʻe kapa o na mea kaua - ka leo kaʻaʻai naita 'ohana a me ka hookahi naita. Liholiho i ka pipiʻi mea - ke gula a me ke kala, a me ka enamel für marten a me nā polokina. Kēlā kapa o na mea kaua i ka nui mōʻaukala kumu, a me ka hana waiwai o ke akamai.

Eia hou, i loko o ka? Aieao o chivalric moʻomeheu keiki kāne - wā e hiki mai naita - a ao mai la o Kaonohiokala e like me ke mele a me ka haa ana, hookani bila. Ka mea, Ua aʻo mai ka wā kamaliʻi a hiki i maikai i hiipoi, ua ike i ka hailona o poetry, a me na mea he nui o na naita kakau iho la lakou ia lakou iho poem, i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā kā lākou mau lede. A me ka papa, e pono no i ka hanana kia o medieval kuhikuhipuʻuone - i ka naita o ka hale kākela, kūkulu i loko o ka Romanesque kaila, e like me ka mea kupaianaha heiau i kūkulu i loko o nā kūlanakauhale a pau o Farani, mua i loko o ka Romanesque, a me ka hope - i loko o ka Kokika kaila. Ka luakini kaulana loa ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka Hale Pule Nui o Notre Dame ma Paris, a Reims Hale Pule Nui - o ka wahi o ka poni o Palani na'lii.

Palani Art ala

Pakebona, pili me ka hou a o ka hoihoi i loko o ka wa kahiko ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi a me ke akamai, i hānauʻia ma ka lā Italy ma ka XIV kenekulia. Ma Palani, e lewa ka pakebona kū i ke au i loko o ka moʻomeheu a me ka pilikia makapō au kahiko, a hiki i ka hopena o ka XV kenekulia. Akā, i kēia manawa ana hou ma Farani, ma mua i loko o Italy,ʻaʻole e XVI, a me ka XVII kenekulia. Ke ala i loko o ke kahua o ka moʻomeheu a meʻoe i loko o ka Palani State ua, ua pili i ka pau 'ana o ka unification o ke aupuni ma lalo o Louis XI.

Disengagement mai ka Kokika kauoha i loko o ke akamai o Farani i wahi ma ka pili me ka pinepine paipai aʻo kai eʻe o nā aliʻi i loko o Italia, kahi a lakou halawai me kupaianaha Italian nō o ka pakebona. Eia naʻe, e like Italy, ka no o keia wā ma Farani ua oi 'aha hoʻokolokolo ma mua o ke aupuni.

Me ka pili ana i ke aupuni o Farani nō, me ka huali Luna o kona moʻokalaleo ua ka mea kupaianaha haku mele Fransua Rable, e kāinoa imaginative,'ōleloʻano a me kaʻoliʻoli poetry.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka pilikia makapō akamai o kēia wā, he mea pono e kaulana ia i loko o ka'āhihi o theological a me ka naita ma moʻokalaleo hookomoʻoia iʻo tendencies. Ka loa mua artist o ka Palani nō o ka wā ua Zhan Fuke, waiho i hope i ka nui hoʻoilina i loko o keʻano o nā kiʻi o nā aristocrats a me Mikionali,'āhihi, Landskap, diptych depicting ka Madonna.

Margarita Navarrskaya kono i Farani, a me ka Italia haku o ka pakebona: Rosso a me Primaticcio, ka mea i lilo i ka Mamua o ke kula o Fontainebleau - i ka olelo o ka Palani nō o ka pena i ka nuʻu mua i loko o ka waiwai o Fontainebleau. Kēia au i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o nā kumu o Mannerism, kona elele ua initially na Mamua o ke kula, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka hoʻohana' ana o mythological Halaman a me ka huikau allegories. Malamaia kumu, ke kahea inoa a me nā Artists ka poe i komo i loko o ka manao o ka hale käkela o Fontainebleau: Italians Pellegrino a me Zhyust De Juste, ka Palani Simona Lerua, Claude Baduen Charles Doreen Fleming Tirey Leonard listen'ōlelo.

Ma ka XVI kenekulia ma Farani 'Imi hoʻomohala i ke ano moʻokalaleo Ke o ke kiʻi, Waimanalo a me ka penikala. Of mau panee, he mau hana ma Jean Clouet, pena i kekahi kiʻi o ka hapanui o ka Palani Aha.

Ke kiʻi kaula o kēia wā i loko o Farani e pili ana me ka inoa o Michel Colombe, ka Workshop hana me ke kokua kiʻi a me philosophical ano o na tombstones. I hoihoi i loko o ka hana Zhana Guzhona, ua piha oia me ka kūikawā musicality, a poetic e nānā ai, a kaila o ka hana ana.

Counterweight i ka harmonious a me ka hemolele i loko o kona nani a me ka hiehie o oe Goujon, hoomaka ae la ka hana o kekahi sculptor o kēia wā - Germain Pilon. Ka mea, i akin i loko o lākou i kona 'ano a me ka hypertrophy o ko a me Emotions ho'īli expressionist hana o ka XIX kenekulia. A pau na huapalapala i kaumahaʻoia iʻo, a hiki naturalistic, hana keaka a me ka gloomy.

Palani Art: 17th kenekulia

XVI kenekulia i ke au o ke kaua, a me ka chaos i ka Palani moku'āina. Ma ka hapa mua o ka XVII kenekulia, mana ua lilo ikaika ma Farani. Pakahi aku la ia kokololio kaʻina hana o ka centralization o ka mana i hele ma lalo o Louis XIII, ka wā a pau i loko o ke aupuni holo ka Cardinal Richelieu. Na kanaka, auwe iho ma lalo o kaʻauamo o ke aristocracy a me na ukana o kela la i keia hana. Naʻe, ka mea absolutist aupuni mō'ī i ka pilina ole wale i ka hooikaika a me ka hoomahuahua i ka mana o Farani, akā, i ka mea i loko o kēia wā o ka aina i lilo kekahi o ke alakaʻi o, i waena o nā'āina Europa 'ē aʻe. He kanalua i ka hopena ma luna o ka ulu ana a me ka papa kuhikuhiE LIKE o ka moʻomeheu a meʻoe i loko o ka aina.

Palani 17th kenekuliaʻoe hiki ke'ōlelo pākīkē mai hoakakaia like me ka oihana o ke aloaliʻi, a i kaheaia ma ka pompous a me ka ornate Baroque kaila.

Akä naÿe i ka hanohano a me ka höʻike pü baroque Nani Loa nō France i anao? Aou mau wahi: realism a me ka classicism. Ka mua i ka hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana i ka manaʻo o ka maoli ola e like me ka mea i, me embellishment. I loko o keia? Iaeoii, ulu Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo a me kiʻi, a me ka Mea Paipala mythological Huli i.

Classicism ma Palani nō Hōʻike 'kuhikuhi i ke kumuhana o civic hana, i ka lanakila o ke kaiāulu ma luna o ke kanaka, kumu ideals. Ka mea i hoʻonoho i kue ai i na mea hemahema o ka maoli ao nei, maikaʻi no ka mea, e hakaka, e kaumaha ana i nā pilikino pono. A pau ia holo nōhie mea, e hana me ka uku nō o Farani. Ke kumu no ka panina nō lilo mooolelo o kahiko nō. A me keia i ua lewa ma ka loa Classic kuhikuhipuʻuone. A eia hoi, ka mea, o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone ua ka loa e kaukaʻi ma ka mea hiki pono o ka moku'āina, a ua loa subordinated e absolutism.

Ke au o ka XVII kenekulia ka Palani moku'āina ua wehewehe aku ma ke kukulu o ka helu nui o kāna mau 'ōlelo kuhikuhipuʻuone Ensemble, a me ka pā kaua hale. I loko o kēia wā, he mea naita ma kuhikuhipuʻuone hele mai i ka mua.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka mea i olelo mua tendencies i loko o ka pilikia makapō kilokilo, mākou e hōʻike i ka hana o Nikolya Pussena - kupanaha ka Luna o ke au o ke akamai a embodies ka ia manawa, a me ka generalized pokole o ko ke ao nei, a me ka indomitable ikehu o ke ola o ke kahiko nō.

Palani Art: 18th luna

Me ka pili ana i ka Palani nō o ka XVIII kenekulia, keia mea he kumuhana kaawale no ka lōʻihi kamaʻilio. Ma pōkole, ka Palani nō o kēia wā ua i ka palapala o ka hopena maikaʻiʻike manaʻo ma ka lehulehu ke ola: hoomaka ka absolutism e decompose, ka aristocracy alakai i ka Ninini aku I Aloha Hawaii, parasitizing ma nā nāʻoihana o ke kaiāulu. Ka eha ma ka naau, kū aʻela i waena o nā nā paʻi hua, kūpono ma ka bourgeois kipi, i kūpono i loko o ka Lepupalika i kukuluia ma Farani. A pau keia i ka lewa i loko o ke akamai o 18th kenekulia Farani.

Ka hou e hoea o ka moʻomeheu i pili me ka ole nui ma luna o ka hana o ke aupuni rula, a i kuhikuhi hai i loko o ke mele. Ma ke keaka, a Mānoa i ka papa kuhikuhiE ua e hana i kekahi Comedy, 'Imi ulu nani masque, ke keaka mele nō. Ho'ēmi i kanaka haku huli i ka hoomana kanaka, e increasingly ulu naita ma nō. Palani moʻomeheu o kēia wā ua nui loa e lauwili a me ka piha o Akä naÿe no. realism nō hoopii i ka hōʻike 'ia' ana o ke ao nei kanaka o kekahi pōʻai papa: i kona mau manaʻo, a inā pilikia ka haumāna, maʻamau oʻaoʻao o ke ola, manaʻoʻike Ka Ikepili.

Palani 19th kenekulia oe

Neʻe ia. E ka kamailio pokole e pili ana i ka Palani nō o ka XIX kenekulia. Ke ola o keia manawa o ka moku'āina ua wehewehe aku ma kekahi puni o ka ulu ana o ke kaulanaʻeha ma ka naʻau, a hōʻike i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni olelo la ma hope o ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka Palani aupuni mō'ī. Ke theme like o ka paio a me ka heroism ua lilo kekahi o na alakai ana ma ka pilikia makapō au kahiko. Ua pū lewa i loko o aoao hou o ka pena - historicism a me ka romanticism. Akā, me ka academicism i loko o ka pilikia makapō akamai o kēia wā, he mea he paio.

Këia i ka waihoʻoluʻu ololi i loko o ka pena hiki aku ai i ka hana kūpono 'ana o ka panorama Ke' ano moʻokalaleo, a e nānā i nā mea a pau nenoai o Palani pena.

Special kūpono 'ana e loaʻa ai i loko o kēia wā a me nā mea noʻeau, House like me ka loa noonoo i ka pono kīvila o ke kanaka. Loa hanohano o ka splint, hiki ana ma ka alodioʻano hana hoʻohana satirical kiʻi hoike mā a me nā pilikia o ka lehulehu.

I mea, o ka Documentary lilo i ka mōʻaukala kahi au etching. E like me ka etchings ke hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka mōʻaukala o ka XIX kenekulia France.

Palani nō, e like me mākou i ike, he nui loa nui a me ka nohona, a ua pili loa i pili i nā 'o ka Palani moku'āina. Kēlā me kēia au - he nui ai hoi e pono kūikawā ke kaikoeke i ka mea mea hiki ole i ka hana i loko o kekahi 'atikala.