Pehea i ka unification o Farani: kumu, kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Wai i ka hoa paio o ka Palani 'ē aʻe

Middle Ages, lohi akā, heʻoiaʻiʻo nō, ńlua ia ma feudal fragmentation. Aupuni a pauʻana a me ka hina no ka nui. Ke ahi, a me nā kālā hanau ka naʻauao ana he hookahi moku'āina nele i ka ikaika kikowaena mana. Ma ka mea like, he ahonui a me ka pilikia, he mea ka hui o Farani. Ma keia mahiʻai aina la, a hooikaika aku la i ke kulanakauhale, ulu loa me ka oihana a me ka kalepa. Pehea i ka Palani Ahahui, hai aku la ia i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Ma ke Ka Wā Kaukani mua

Iwa o ka kenekulia i hoopau ai i ke aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo. Ua shattered e like me ka una honua ma luna o ka papahele - i loko o a liilii. i ke aupuni, ma ka mea i loaa mai i ka poe mamo o Emperor Karla Velikogo noho alii ana - - kekahi o kēia mau hakina - aupuni komohana francs Carolingianʻana hoʻonāwaliwali, ia ma degeneration o ka wepa. Royal mana i ka manawa hiki ole hoi ke kapaia nāwaliwali - uaʻaneʻaneʻaʻohe mana. Wai i ka hoa paio o ka Palani ē aʻe? Mea ia manawa.

A i kona make, i ka hope Carolingian, a pau France hiki pono i loko o ke kīʻeke kahu hipa nona - he uuku one o ke Ile-de-Farani a me na aina a puni Orleans a me Paris. I 987 i poniia i ke alii Gugo Kapet. Maoli ai, aole hoi Hugoʻaʻole hoʻi 'ē aʻe Capet ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o Farani i ole makemake keia kulana, i ka wa a ko lakou mau koa i - ka he makualiʻi, o Noremana, no ka laʻana, ua lilo i pono waiwai ma mua o nā aliʻi, akā, i ka ikaika ma mua o ia mau manawa. Ua loaʻa paha e nā kumu no ka unification o Farani?

Capet

Ola makou mahope o ka Capet mua ma luna o ka noho aliʻi, ka mea, ua literally balancing ma luna o kekahi wāwae, akā, pale aku, ola, lilo ikaika, a alii iho la oia a hiki i 1328, mau priraschivaya wahi a me ka hooweliweli ae i ko koa. A loa ola ohana me ka lōʻihi-olaʻana, a kau i ka ka hoʻomauʻana o ka papa kuhikuhiE kulekele. e ana kau kahiko keiki me ka hou o ko lākou mau ola, no laila, ke succession hihia i ole hiki.

O ka holo ana, "e nāʻohana i konaʻeleʻele hipa," i hōʻike 'ia lakou a pau o Capet akamai luna. Eia naʻe, pono e noonoo objectively keia kulana. Pehea i ka Palani 'ē aʻe ma lalo i hana? Ke medieval honua mea ai disparate, a ua uuku no kekahi Initiative e kahaha ko oukou naau, e like me hereditary waiwai (ke aliʻi kikowaena) e hoʻokele i ka mahuahua nui. Ka mua successes o ka Palani 'ē aʻe pono unsubscribe Capet.

ikaika poe enemi

Māhunehune hiki ke uku Louis VI baronialʻo Libena, e lawe me ka rula kākoʻo i nā nominees o na kanaka, e haawi ana ia lakou i ka mea kiekie loa lehulehuʻoihana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai i ka ho omaulia no ka pono; e hoomakaukau hou i ka mea kahiko Carolingian ekalesia i loko o ka mua io Kokika cloister o Saint-Denis, lawe mai a ianoiyuaa a aʻoaʻo Abbe Suger, ma Noremana ikea Duke William. Ae, i ka ia - o ka naʻi aupuni kaulana.

Ke pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i ka hope nuku huikau e ka naʻi aupuni oʻEnelani e William i ka 1066. E like me ke kanaka pio e no ke Farani ke aliʻi, William iho lilo i alii - a me ka ke alii mea nui aku mana ma ka hale, e ulu ana me ka ikaika i ka uku nui kiʻekiʻe ma mua o Capet. Henry II i mua i kekahi "ieie-Angevin aupuni a", e lilo ana i ka luna oʻEnelani, Noremana, Anjou, Aquitaine a me na aina e e i nui o kēia Farani. Ka loa ka lolouila ka mea ina ua noi aku ka mea i ka hoa paio o ka unification o Farani, e i e pane - kā lākou mau koa.

Young, akā, i kakahiaka nui

Umikumamalima Korol Filipp II i resolutely no? Ee keia kulana. Loa akamai, raschotliv a me kekahi manawa, a hiki no ka pāʻoihana i hoʻowahāwahāʻia,ʻo ia kekahi o ka loa a me ka hoʻomanawanui loa ka poe nana Middle nā loea kālai'āina. 'Aʻole i makehewa Philip Augustus la ia mea. Kekahi mea i ka hoa paio o ka unification o Farani, lilo iho la ka enemi o ke alii.

Choice o kuwaho i ka akoakoa ana o na aina a me kēia polopelema mokuna, ka mea maloko - e hookupaa iho loaʻa. Philip like pono Makuakane me ia, a me kekahi poe e ae. Ma ka mea, aia no heʻano o nā tālena - he alakaʻi nui, he maalea diplomat, a me ka'Aha'ōlelo, naauao, a me ka manakia nui la ma ka opiopio, akā,ʻaʻole fragile mea.

Philip ma luna oʻEnelani

Henry II, King o England, Noremana, a me ka papa hele ma, paʻakikī ku ma ka hou alii o Farani. I loko nō o ka mea i waena o nā mana elua i manao kuikahi, Pilipo me ka hana malu ai ana i na keiki a Henry loa nanea wale Angevin aupuni a pau a eia i kipi ana.

Ma ka hope o Henry - Richard I - I uaʻoihana kaua ma ka manawa Philip me ka hana malu, i pii ole, akā, huli aʻela aloha a me ka olelo crusade. Akā, me ka mea e hiki mai Kiaaina - John Landless hiki ke lawelawe koke, eaaei, a me kŘpa a haʻahaʻa poho. Ke kumu o ka Farani hui o ka lilo.

Philip First iā John ma ka hookolokolo ana no ka pepehi ana o kāna keiki hanauna, Arthur, ka mea, naʻe, make ma lalo loa pohihihi ana. John iʻaʻole iʻikeʻia. Ae la o Pilipo confiscated i kona mau waiwai a pau, a pau ma luna o ka pelapela a, no ka 'aʻe' ana i hoohiki ana, laulea.

Mahope o eha makahiki o ke kaua, a ma hope o ka pio ana o ka Pelekania i ka 1214, Philippe hui na aina Palani o Noremana,ʻaʻole wale nō, akā, no hoi o Anjou, a ma ka hou o ka helu ana o, iaono? I loko o ke kūkulu'ākau. O lakou ka mua successes o ka Palani ē aʻe.

crusade

Na Albigensians ua leʻaleʻa kanaka. Pope ua koke i ole makemake: na hoouka hookae, naita, haku mele kūlike loa uhi ma ka aoao ku e, ina e olelo aku ia mea i ka Haku, a pau-maikai a me nā mea a pau-mana. O ka Albigensian ka hoʻopiʻopiʻoʻona nō kekahi mau mokuna hema o Farani - Toulouse, Languedoc, Provence. Ma ka pā hale o ke Kauna Raymond o Toulouse hoakoakoa ae la na kanaka loa loea a me ka maikaʻi loa o kona manawa.

Palani North i ka leo kahea o ka Pope hele ku e mai i ka Albigenses. Akā, Philip, ia manawa, hooikaika i ka palena'ākau, oiai kona mau koa i make i loko o ke koko o ka moʻomeheu Languedoc.

Faithʻo Baron ua fanatical, a me ka manaʻo'ālunu i kokua nunui. Hawaii nui māhele'āina, a, ma ka hana, ma ka Languedoc - i luku, a hooko aku la, hoi, i hele mai ma lalo o ka mana o Farani. Philip, nae, keia ua hou i loaʻa. By 1224 crusade hopena i loaa, e like me ka mea e hiki mai ana ka anu u ma ke ala o Farani ē aʻe.

E like me ka milestones o King Philip Augustus o Farani hiki ke Hahai I hoʻohuiʻia me ke kapuai hookahi. Eia hou, i ka maikaʻi wahi i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i a me ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka mea hoʻokahi mana, a me ka paa ana o ke' ano manaʻo aukahi pono a me ka hoʻomalu kahua. Akā, he mea pono e kaulana ia Pilipo, aole ia e hoʻowahāwahā maila i loaʻa ai i ko lakou mau pahu hopu.

ʻumikumamākolu kenekulia

St. Louis alii iho la oia France, mai 1226 a hiki i 1270. He Ua ikeia like me ka haipule a me ka naauao, oia i canonized e ka ekalesia Roma. Pinepine ae la oia ia i malamaia e like me ka arbitrator i loko o ka litigation ma waena o ka mō'ī, akā, me he inaina crusader ia e pōmaikaʻi ai no ka hoao ana Farani i ole e hala loa nui hooikaika i ka mana aliʻi.

France ia ia ka pua i loko o ka wahi maikai, he nohona-oaio?, I ka mea i koe i loko o 'Eulopa, a ma ke ao nei a hiki i kēia lā. A laila, ma lalo o ka'ēheu o ka poʻe naʻauao mō'ī akoakoa mai ana mai nā mea a pau ma o ka oi haumana, hoouka hookae, a me nā kākau moʻolelo. Ka mea, Ua kūkuluʻia nani cathedrals o Chartres, Amiens a me Reims. Eia pehea ka hoao ana i wahi ma Farani i ka noho alii ana o St. Louis.

I loko nō o kona wā e hiki mai ka hemolele, a me Roma ma ka Louis IX loli Hawaiʻi i ka luna 'pili. I ka 1269, ua paʻi i ka Pragmatic Sanction, i hookuu France, mai aliʻi a me nā haʻawina ma ka Roma waihona, a hai mai i ke Kuokoa o ka ekalesia Palani mai i ka ekalesia o Roma. Na hana o ka Pope hala a ka IV, Louis ikaika hoohewa mai oe.

Philip IV ka Fair, a me ka lāhui kanaka-moku'āina

Moopuna o St. Louis hiki ke kapaia Philip e hilahila ai. Akā, noonoo maikai. Beauty ua ikaika ka naau. Apparently, hou a me ka nui no o Pilipo ka noho alii ana i ka manawa o ka emi ana o feudal mana, ma laila e hooikaika ana i ke aupuni mō'ī i loko o ka aina, i kona hakahaka. I ka hana o ko lākou poʻe kūpuna i loko o nā alanui, hele aku la ia ia, a hiki i hiki. Nā kumu o ka Palani 'ē aʻe e e haʻalele. Philippe hoomakaukau i ka aina no ka piʻiʻana mai o nā panalāʻau e hou.

Ma kālai'āina, keia alii maluna o aggression a me ka brutality. Oia noho ana no keia o ke au. Akā, eia ka he hoihoi 'mea: i kakahiaka nui ka wahine kāne make,ʻo ia mare hou, malama pono a hiki i ka make wahine. Ua lawe pu he nui e like me kona mau kuko makemake. Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka unification o Farani, a ma hope o Pilipo i ka noho alii ana i ole e pau i laila. Kēia kaʻina hana i kokoke i ka anai wā o ka Middle Ages.

Ke ole o ka Palani ma lalo o Pilipo hooikaika ma Europe, a hiki mai ka pōʻino - i ke kaua me ka Falanadera a me ka hoopai ana o ka Temepela - i ke aupuni a me kona poe koa, ua loaa i ka hou iho i maikai, ka hoʻokuʻi i ka Bedroom a me ka mea kaua. Hou flared i ke kue i na Beritania,ʻaʻole i hoʻohuiʻia France Gascogne - e noho ai Edward I. Falanadera i nele i ka hopu. Akā, 'aneʻi ka ka Pope Boniface VIII, Philip, i hopu. A laila, i ka Farani nele, e koho i ka Pope Clement V, ka mea hoʻoneʻe i ka noho mai Rome i Avignon. Ua ua he nui lanakila, no ka mea, o ka hui o Farani - ina ole geographically, akā, ke aupuni, a me ka confessional.

Ka hopena o ka hui France

Ua au, hoomaka ae la e lawe 'ano i ka hoʻomaopopo like' ōlelo, no laila, hoomaka ae la bitty aupuni o ka heluna kanaka e haha aku me kekahi kanaka. Created 'ano kūpono no ka hooulu ana o ka moʻomeheu, na akamai ulu, hookupaa ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Akā, wale i ka pau ana o ka XV kenekulia, France ua hiki ke loaʻa i nā hiʻona o ka centralized mō'ī. Ma lalo o Louis XI hala ka loihi o mihi a me ka loli. Kulanakauhale, ua kaawale mai conscription. ua hiki ke kūʻai i ko lākouʻaoʻao mai o ka kaua hana koa. Mercenary koa lilo, ma luna ona he zavedon kūikawā auhau.

Ua pio aneane pau moku'āina hooponopono. Aina a me nā'āina i ua i hiki wale i ka luna - ke aliʻi - ka pae koa i ua pāpā.

ua lilo paʻa auhau. Noho iho la na luna aupuni, e mālama i kēia hoʻokele waiwai a pau. General States i papani ai hoi i mālama '. haole i kono e ho okumu i ka hana i ka pilina i ka ulu ana o na kulanakauhale a me ka kuai.