Piha dominance a me nā 'ano o ka'ōewe AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN

He nui no mākou i lohe ai e pili ana Hoʻohaku a recessive nā'ōewe - kekahi hūnāʻia i loko o kā mākou genome nucleotide kaula hao, a he kuleana no ka ili kāna moʻolelo. Pehea e ka mea launa pū '? He aha ka ka dominance, a pehea ia hana? No ke aha la recessive alleles ka mea, e mau uhi pū ma ka Hoʻohaku? Mau nīnūnē nā kānakaʻepekema, mahope mai o ka loaʻa o nā'ōewe.

Mōʻaukala o ka noiʻi

allele AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN mea mau o ka hoihoi nui i ka geneticists. Haʻawina i hoike ia ma laila i nāʻano o ka'ōewe AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN - piha dominance, superdominance, mau allelism, kāpili dominance a me ka kodominirovanie.

Rightfully Pani 'ōlelo' o ka makua kāne o ke kālā no aaiaoe?, Gregor Mendel i ka mea mua e lilo hoihoi i loko o nā kānāwai o ka EYI o hereditary kāna moʻolelo. I loko nō o kona kaulana ia mea ma luna o ka hybridization o ka pea kanu, Mendel ike i ka i kela kapa o ka lenalena a me ka uliuli peas aole i ka hopena i loko o ka palapala kāna moʻolelo. Ma ka hanauna mua a pau i yellow pea. Mendel iho ina ia i hiki ole wehewehe i ka hopena o kona mau''he hoʻokolohua. I kaʻimi naʻauao kulanui i hele nui ma hope, ma hope o ka hou o ka ukupanee ma aaiaoe? A me ka loaʻa o ka mea haʻahaʻa huahelu o nā kūpuna mai - o ka'ōewe. E hilinaʻi nui ma luna iho ona i ke ano o ka pea, ihu kinona, maka kala like 'ole, kiʻekiʻe, imua o aaiaoe ka maʻi i loko o kānaka.

E hoʻi iā mākou i ka hoʻokolohua Mendel. No ka mea yellow kala hoʻopili like i peas A'ōewe no ka uliuli - i. I ka wa e holo okoa maemae laina elua splitting makemake e like penei:

P: AA m Aa

F1: Aa Aa Aa Aa

I loko nō o ka mea i loko o ka genotype o ka kūpono me ka hopena o keʻa-? Aneii o nā mea kanu i ka'ōewe, a me ka lenalena a me ka uliuli kala like 'ole, e ho'ōla hoikeia yellow wale. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka Hoʻohaku kāna moʻolelo ka mea recessive pau make mai. Like me, ili a me ka shape o peas - laumania ma luna o wrinkled. He keia hana, a IeEeAUUXAAaO ka piha dominance o nā'ōewe - ka suppression o ka Hoʻohaku hōʻailona i loko o ke alo o ka recessive genotype i loko o nā ana o ia mau mea.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka piha dominance

Crossbreeding kekahi mea kanu ke kala - i ka mea wale kahi piha dominance hoike aku. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ia 'ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ke alakai i, a mai ke kahua mai o kanaka aaiaoe?: Ina kekahi makua eleele mau maka, o ka lua - i ka uliuli, a me nā mea homozygous no kēia mau huapalapala, laila nā keiki, e i mea eleele mau maka.

Like me, ke alo o ka ili RH ololi, polydactyly, freckles, pouli lauoho. O kēia mau ouli a pau Hoʻohaku, a e ole ae hōʻike i loko o ka phenotype mea recessive.

Piha dominance o ka nui i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka aaiaoe ka maʻi. Ka hapa nui o ia (Tay-Sachs maʻi, Urbach-Vite maʻi Günther ka maʻi), e ili ma ka autosomal recessive ano, i ua, i loko o ke alo o ka genotype o ka maʻamau'ōewe (Hoʻohaku) mutant allele iʻaʻole hōʻike iā ia iho.

kāpili dominance

Kāpili dominance - he 'ano o ka'ōewe AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN e pinepine i loaʻa ma ka ano. I ka mea recessive allele ua uhi pū mea,ʻaʻole loa Hoʻohaku, a me ka phenotypeʻikea hou, wahi Tag. A luku ana mamuli o ke kāpili dominance - pena cosmos pua. Inā i ka mea kanu i keaʻulaʻula, a keʻokeʻo, i ka mua o ka hanauna cleavage phenotype makemake e like penei: 1 (AA): 2 (Aa): 1 (Aa). Ia mea, hoʻokahi pua mea ulaula, hoʻokahi keokeo a me elua a pink. I ka hope o ka laʻana o kāpili dominance, me he Hoʻohaku kāna moʻolelo, ulaula, uhi pū recessive incompletely. Ka hopena ua hoike mai ia ma ka kino kanawai o nā nā'ōewe.

Kāpili dominance mea ano ole wale no na cosmos, akā, no hoi no ka nui no hoi na pua: snapdragons, tulips, ponimō'ī.

superdominance

Superdominance - hana hoihoi a me kekahi mau mea paradoxical hana kūleʻa 'ano'ōewe, ai ka phenotype ma heterozygous meaola (BB) Hoʻohaku'ōewe hoi oi, pili ma mua i loko o ka phenotype o homozygous (BB). Superdominance ia lŘlŘ ma ke ano like pinepine i piha dominance. An hoohalike mea HBB'ōewe mutation ana i ho'ēmi i kā ka pilikia o ka aoao malaria.

Kodominirovanie

Aia i kekahi mau hana hoihoi nā'ōewe AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ano, a me kekahi o ia mau mea - kodominirovanie. Ma keia hihia i ka Hoʻohaku allele aʻole i makakiʻi a uhi i ka recessive phenotype i loko o nā 'ano i ka kekahi mea i hōʻikeʻia ana iho.

Ke easiest ala e maopopo i ka kŰia kodominirovaniya ke kumu hoohalike o ka ula-keʻokeʻo rhododendron pua, a nani po. Oia 'ia nā pōpō ua loaa ia ma ka holo' ulaʻula a me ka keʻokeʻo pua, a eia nae ka ula pigment mea Hoʻohaku, ka mea 'aʻole e kinai iho i ka allele kuleana no ka mea keʻokeʻo waihoʻoluʻu. A hua mai la i ka hana mau-kamaʻilio'ōniʻoniʻo me ka AA genotype.

Lakou i mea hoike i keʻano papa hana o ka'āina hoʻoili kodominirovaniya koko pūʻulu. Ina i kekahi makua lua o ke koko pae (I ^A I ^A), ke kolu, a me ka lua o ka (I ^B I ^B), a laila e loaʻa i ke keiki i ka ha o ka pūʻulu i mea ole waena ma waena o ka lua a me ke kolu, me ka genotype au ^A I ^B.