Plant nā'aʻaʻa. Ano o ke kanu'aʻaʻa

Hana, hōʻike no i ka holoholona a me ka kanu i nā'aʻaʻa, uaʻikeʻia i loko o ka XVII kenekulia. Ka mua Kāhua Ulu'lāʻau-anatomists - la a me Malpighi - hookolokolo aku la ia i keʻano nui o ia mau mea, a me ka wahahee manaÿo e like me prosenchyma a me ka parenchyma. I mau, i ke ao ana o na hale a 'ole ma ke kālaimeaola. Fabrics i oko ao ma ka haku mele 'ana, hana, ke kumu. Next, noonoo i ka oi walaʻauʻana hiʻona o kēia mau hale. He 'atikala o ka papaʻaina o ke kanu nā'aʻaʻa. Ma ia oe ke ike i ka papa kuhikuhiE waeʻano o ka hale, i ko lakou wahi, a me ka hana.

Kālaimeaola: lole. Mea Maluna

Noaia kaawale hale i kulike ai me ka physiological Pahuhopu ua, ua ulu a me Simona Schwendener Gaberlandtom ka huli XIX-XX kenekulia. Plant nā'aʻaʻa nā pūʻulu o keena nei ke ao hookahi kumu, homogeneous haku mele 'ana a me ke hoʻohana i ka hookahi hana. Mea Maluna o ka hale a ua lawe mai e like me kekahi mau ana hoʻohālike. No ka laʻana, i kapa i ka mea kanu i nā'aʻaʻa:

• Key.
• Lawelawe.
• Meristem (hoʻonaʻauao).
• Ka penaʻana.
• Excretory.
• Mechanical.

Inā ka laau'aʻaʻa i mai o aeee ua oi a emi i ka hookahi 'ole a me ka hana, ua kapaia hemahema hoi lakou. Inā na 'ikamu i ole i ka ia, alaila, ua kapaia ka luna' a huikau ka pau nenoaiu. puunaueia Kind o ke kanu'aʻaʻa i loko o ka waeʻano, ma ka huli, a hiki i ka hui. No ka laʻana, ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ole nā:

• Apical.
• ʻaoʻao - kiʻekiʻe (phellogen, cambium) a iniiaiie (pericycle, procambium).
• Eha.
• Intercalary.

Kind iniiaiieʻano o ke kanu'aʻaʻa nā ka stocking a me ka kaʻaluna parenchyma. Lawelawe hale a noonoo phloem (bast) a me ka xylem (laau).

Coverslips (borderline) kanu i nā'aʻaʻa:

• I waho: kiʻekiʻe (periderm), iniiaiie (epidermis), tertiary (ritidom ole ihi); VELAM, rizoderma.
• Kūloko: exogenous a me ka endoderm, parietal keena o ka hoʻokō 'ia' laulau o ka lau.

Mechanical 'ole (iwi, i maopopo kahi) e māheleʻia i loko o sclerenchyma (sklereidy olona,), collenchyma. A me ka mea hope pūʻulu i ka excretory (secretory) o ke kanu nā'aʻaʻa.

Hoʻonaʻauao nā hale: na kumu o ke

Kēia mau mea kanu'aʻaʻa (meristem) i kekahi pūʻulu o'ōpiopio mau, 'Imi ka mahele ana i keena. Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'o mau mea o ka ulu ana mai o ia wahi nā loko. No ka laʻana, ka mea, e ia ma luna o ka piko o ke kumu, kumu kōkua, a me nā wahi. Aie i ka alo i loko o ka mea kanu aeea'aʻaʻa moʻomeheu mea he ana ka ulu, a me ka ho okumu mau hehee wale a me nā loko.

hiʻona meristem

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi o ka hoʻonaʻauao mea kanu aeea'aʻaʻa loaa ia mea i e apical (apical),ʻaoʻao (kīloi paʻewa) gusset (intercalary) eha. kekahi hale e māheleʻia i loko o nā haumāna a me ka iniiaiie. Ka hope nā apical ano o ke kanu'aʻaʻa. Mau hale a ua nānā 'ana i ka ulu o ka moʻomeheu i loko o lōʻihi. Ma kiekie ae lalo o kāna mau hoʻolālā kanu (Fern, horsetails) apical meristem OAOOUIEeE weakly hoikeia. Ka mea, i hooku iho la ia me ka wale kekahi puka mua, a iniiaiie halepaahao. Ma angiosperms a me gymnosperms apical meristem hōʻikeʻano pono. Ka mea, i na poe ma ka helu ana i ka loiloi mua keena, a hana i ka ulu ana o ka pele. Kīloi paʻewa hale i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO kiʻekiʻe. Mahalo iā ia ua lawe ka hoʻonuiʻana aʻa, anei i (iho kino i mau) ma ka mānoanoa. ʻaoʻao manao o ka mea kanu'aʻaʻa - ia phellogen a me ka cambium. Ma na hana o ka mua o ka ho okumu ana o na aa a me anei o Cork. I keia hui e pili ana lole airing - lenticels. Kīloi paʻewa meristem like cambium, e hana a mall lāʻau phloem hehee wale. I manawa o adverse mea kanu ola, ua ka meheu o ia a piha cessation o ka ha awina o ka cambium. Intercalary meristems, e like me ka rula, e iniiaiie. Ka mea, e waiho waho me hookaawale'āpana i loko o ka wahi o ka uluʻeleu: ma ke kumu o ka petiole a me ka internode mauu lau, no ka laʻana.

tectum

Oihana kanu'aʻaʻa o keia pae mea e hoʻopale ai i ka nohona, mai ka adverse hopena o? Aneie aʻe. Noke ololi, ma ka nui, e manaoia excessive omoāea, poe overheating, ka maloʻoʻana makani, ma paʻi pōʻino, ingress o koʻohune a me pathogenic fungi. Aia mau iniiaiie a me ka haumāna hoʻokomo kālā'aʻaʻa. Ka waeʻano mua nā rhizodermis a me ka ihi (epidermis). I ka haumāna ka penaʻana fabrics manaoio phelloderm, Cork cambium, Cork.

Hiʻona o nā hale a

Skin uhi ia me na nā loko a pau o 'o ka, perennial laau ulu i loko o kaʻikena ulu manawa -'ōmaʻomaʻo hoi e pana aku, me ka mau, mea kanu - herbaceous Honolulu wahi. Ka la mahope, i ka nui, e na lau, pua, kumu.

Ka 'ole o ka mea kanu nā'aʻaʻa: epidermis

Kona 'ole' ana mai nā 'kekahi papa o ka paa mall hehee wale. Ma keia hihia, no ka intercellular liuliu, ua nalowale. Ke epidermis Ua wehe loa ke puana a mea he aniani moakaka lahilahi Auana. Kēia ola'aʻaʻa, ec kekahi protoplast, ahu iho ua gradual me ka kāna mau 'ōlelo a me ka leucoplasts, he nui vacuole. Na la mahope e lawe i kokoke i ka halepaahao holoʻokoʻa. Ka mawaho pa o ka mall kumu o ka hanaʻia naʻe epidermis, a me kaʻaoʻao ma loko, a - lahilahi. Ka hope i ili. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka epidermis o ka rula o ka transpiration a me ka hoonohonoho hou kinoea. Ua ua lawe mai pili kēia ma ka stomata. 'okanikaʻole i huiʻia me ka wai komo iloko i ka ili. Kekahi mea kanu keena o na epidermisʻokoʻa nui like 'ole a me nā kinona. Ua nui monocots i mall hehee wale, elongated ma ka lōʻihi. Most dicotyledonous mea kanu i sinuous sidewalls. Kēia maoli i ka pa apŘ o ko lākou pili ana i kekahi i kekahi. 'Ole o ka epidermis i ka luna a me lalo o ka pepa mea okoa. Haule iho la oi stomata ma mua o ka luna. Ma wai mea kanu me ka lau lana ma luna o ka 'ilikai (ka wai lilia, hua manu capsules), i kona mau peculiarities. Ka mea, i stomata pau i loaʻa wale nō ma luna o ka luna o ka una honua. Akā, i ka mea kanu, maopopo bapetizo me ka wai, ho okumu iʻikepili mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa.

stomata

He lahui hana kūikawā ho okumu i loko o ka epidermis. Stomata komo o ka 2 kau a me ka poʻe kiaʻi keena - ho okumu therebetween. Mall oihana mua i ka crescent shape. Ka mea hooponopono i ka nui o ke kau-me ho okumu. Ia, ma ka huli, e e paa, a wehe i kulike ai me ka turgor puʻe i loko o ka laka hehee wale ke kaumaha ma muli o ka lehulehu o ke kalapona'okikene lua i loko o ka lewa a me ka 'ē aʻe aʻe. Iloko o ka lā i ka stomatal aeee i komo i loko o kāʻamaʻai. I loko o kēia wā, turgor puʻe mea kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ho okumu ana o ka slit hamama. I ka po ia mea, ma ka mea ku ole, ua paa. O kŰia Ua pū akula nō hoʻi i loko o ka maloo wa pono, a me ka wilting o ka lau. He aie i ka hiki e hoahu i loko o ka stomata ona mau.

Kora na hale a

Parenchyma ninoaaeyao ka hapanui o ka makahiki ma waena o ka mea'ē aʻe paʻa nā'aʻaʻa i loko o ke kumu, aa a me nā mea kanu nā loko. XIX. 'Oleʻano nui haku o ka noho keena me keʻano o nā kinona. Ke keena kānāwai, he wiwi-nā kūlanakauhale, akā, i kekahi manawa, i loaʻa a meʻia naʻe, lignified, a me na mea ili postennoy cytoplasm. O ka parenchyma haku o ka lau a me ka huaʻiʻo pepa, i ka 'ōlelo o nā rhizomes a me anei i, i ko lakou ili. Aia i kekahi mau subgroups o keia'aʻaʻa. Ke'ī mai, i waena o ka papa kuhikuhiE hale a ike okoa ia: pneumatic, aquifer, ahu waiwai a me ka kaʻaluna. Na oihana o ke kanu nā'aʻaʻa i loko o kēia waeʻano komo o waho pūnaewele o'aiaola i huiʻia.

chlorophyll parenchyma

Hlorenhima - kaʻaluna'aʻaʻa - 'ole i loko o i kāʻamaʻai i wahi. Kona oihana mua i kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia lahilahi paia. Ma ia mea, o ka nucleus a me na chloroplasts. I ka hope, e like me ka cytoplasm, ke aupuni 'postenno. Hlorenhima ua ke aupuni 'ana ma lalo o kaʻili. Ka hapanui ka mea, ua i kia ma ka opiopio uliuli hoi e pana aku a me na lau.

Aerenchyma

Pneumatic lole mea he 'ole me ka lawa ka ulu intercellular hakahaka i loko o nā nā loko. Ka hapa nui o nā mea a pau ia mea ano o ka weuweu, ka wai a me ka Hawaiian wai moʻomeheu nona aʻa i loko o ka oxygen ma-ilihune mud. Ke ea kīnā i ka lalo kino ma ka mea o ka hoolilo kino. Eia kekahi, kamaʻilio ma waena o ka intercellular hakahaka a me ka lewa laweia aku la oia ma ka hoailona pnevmatod. Aerenchyma aie i ka like ana o na mea kanu ua hoemiia. Kēia, apparently, wehewehe i ka hiki o ka aquaculture, e malama i ka pono kulana, a me nā lau - e ia ma luna o kaʻili kai.

aquifers

Kēia lole mālama i ona mau ma ka kumu a me ka waiho ana o succulent mea kanu a me na hua ma ka Saline mau mea. Ka mua, no ka laʻana, nā cacti, jade, agave a me ka Aloe 'ē aʻe. A hiki i ka lua o - o Aberahama, strobilaceum, hodgepodge, a me na mea e ae. Ua pono ulu keia'aʻaʻa ma sphagnum ka limu.

i ka holoholona 'ole

Ma kēia mau nā'aʻaʻa, ma kekahi wahi i loko o ka ulu ana o ka moʻomeheu hoʻomaka e kau mai i ka wehe aʻe o nā huahana. Kēia, ma ka nui, he ohaha, carbohydrates, a me na mea e ae. Keena ma ka pūnaewele nā'aʻaʻa, nui lahilahi-hala. 'Ole hoʻomano poe i loko o ka hanaʻia naʻe aʻa, pu u kukui, tubers, anei i Kora naʻEsau, hua germ, endosperm, a me kēia kulekele.

Machine poi

Nā kākoʻo nā'aʻaʻa hana e like me ka ano o ke kilo a "stereoma" (mai ka Helene. "Paa", "mau nō"). I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu mea e hōʻoia i ka ia'ku o ka hale a hōʻeuʻeu, a kūpaʻa wahie. Alaila, na fabrics i ka definite 'ole. Ma ano honua kahi ulu ka mea, ua oi nui i loko o ka pauku iho o ka pana - kumu. Ke keena hiki ke hoonohonoho peripherally kaawale wahi a paa paukūʻolokaʻa.

collenchyma

He He mea iniiaiie kākoʻo lole me ke ola aeea maʻiʻo: cytoplasm, nucleus, i kekahi manawa chloroplasts. Aia i ekolu waeʻano collenchyma: wehe, anuanu a me ka huina. He Mea Maluna ua lawe mai i kulike ai me ke ano o ka hanaʻia naʻe keena. Inā ka mea, 'o ia ma nā kihi, me ka makau ole, ina laua i ka ili i ke kumu a me kaʻaʻahu lawa, ia collenchyma una honua. Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka walaʻauʻana lole o ka meristem, a ua aia ma lalo o ka epidermis ma ke kaawale o kekahi a oi mau papa o ia.

sclerenchyma

Kēia mechanical e'aʻaʻa ua manaoia e ia 'ano, he pono ole. Ua ninoieo o mall nā kumumea me ka lignified aʻia naʻe uniformly slotted paia, a ili ma ka liʻiliʻi nui. Sclerenchyma keena ma ka loa e holo ana mai, ka mea i wehewehe aku e prozenhimnaya shape me ka kuhikuhi mai la lakou welau.

Ka lawelawe hale

Mau fabrics i halihali nutrient i huiʻia. Ua ua lawe mai i loko o nāʻaoʻao. Transpiration (lalo)ʻikena a me koʻana koko pāʻoihana o ka paʻakai o tracheids a me nā ipu a pau, mai nā kumu a hiki i ka lau ma ke kumu. Kaʻaluna (ma lalo) noi mai, mai ka luna māhele i ka lola honua ma ka mea o kūikawā phloem kānana paipu. Lawelawe lole hiki ma kekahi ala e hoohalikeia ai i ka circulatory'ōnaehana ana o kanaka, no ka mea, ua i kahahānai a me ka iho i ulanaʻia. Ka mahuaola komo i loko o na halepaahao o ke kino.

secretory olona,

Secretory'aʻaʻa - ka hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā, i ka hiki e kahińuli a kaʻawale kekahi kinowai droplet i hoʻolilo 'ia a me nā huahana o ka pūnao. Hope inoa mea huna. Inā e hele mai i ka mea kanu, a laila, e komo i ka pā secretion'aʻaʻa, a ina haʻalele loko - niioaaonoaaiii komo i ka maloko 'ole. Ho okumu ana o ke kinowai ai huahana aie i kaʻili lahilahi hope a me ka Golgi eiiieaena. Mea huna o kēia 'ano e hoʻololi i, e hoomalu aku i na mea kanu, mai ka luku ia e na holoholona, pohō ma pathogens a me nā mea kolo. Endocrine kanu'ōiwi nā mea i loko o ka palapala o ke kēpau Pńk'pika idioblast, onaona auwai a mlechnikov, wahi no ka hookuuia, a me nā glands.

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