He aha ke'ano pilikino? Nānā uhi: nā hana, nā pūnaewele a me nā'ano hana

Ke Kino - kahi hō'ili'ili o nā pūnaewele, i hui pū'ia me kekahi'ano like a me nā hana, a me nā mea kiko'ī. Mai loko mai o nā'upena i hana'ia he ohe, a'o ia ho'i, he pūnaha o nā'ōpiopio. Most multicellular meaola komo ana i na ano o ka'aʻaʻa.

Ka nui

'O ka'ike'epekema e no'ono'o ana i nā'ōpiopio (histology) e ho'omaopopo i ka nui o ko lākou'ano.

Ano o ka holoholona nā'aʻaʻa :

• Ho'ohui;
• Muscular;
• Ho'oki'eki'e;
• Nā kikowaena pilikino (epithelial);

Nā'ano o nā mea kanu lā'au:

• Ho'ona'auao (meristem);
• Parenchyma;
• Kāwele uhi;
• Me'anikona;
• Hau'oli;
• Ke alaka'i.

Ho'ohui nā'ano like'ole i nā'ano like'ole.

Nā'ano pilikino pili pono:

• 'Ano;
• Puke;
• Ho'omaha;
• Kānela;
• Kahi;
• 'Ahua;
• Lymph;
• 'O ke koko.

Ano o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa :

• Kuhi;
• Kahi kālepa;
• 'Oho.

Ano o ka hoʻonaʻauao lole :

• Apical;
• Lateral;
• 'O ke kūkākūkā.

ʻano likeʻole o ka lawelawe lole :

• Xylem;
• Phloem.

Nā'ano o ka mechanical fabric:

• Kolenchima;
• 'O Sclerenchyma.

No nā'ano, ke'ano a me nā hana o nā'ano pilikino o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, e kūkākūkā hou mākou.

Nā'ano o ka hanana'ana o ke'ano pilikino. Nā'ike nui

Ua ho'oholo'ia nā peculiarities o ka ho'ohui'ana o ke kikowaena pilikino ma muli o kona kumu. 'Oiai he nui nā'ano like'ole o kēia'ano o nā mea kikokiko, ua like like lākou.

Loa'a he nui o nā pūnaewele a me kahi mea li'ili'i li'ili'i. 'O nā'āpana kiko honua e kokoke kokoke ana i kekahi. 'O ka'ōnaehana o ke kikowaena pilikino ka mea e ho'olako mau ai i ka hilina'i kūpono o nā pūnaewele i ka honua. 'O ka hope i kahi ki'eki'e a me lalo iho a'o ka hapa ma luna loa e pili ana i ka mahele o ke kola. 'O kekahi hi'ohi'ona e hō'ike ana i ka pilina o ke kino pilikino,'o ia ke ho'oponopono maika'i. 'A'ole ola lō'ihi kona mau pūnaewele. Hiki iā lākou ke ho'oka'awale pinepine, no laila e ho'onui pinepine ai ka lole.

Nā hana o nā'oko'a pilikino

'O ka mea mua, hana lākou i kahi palekana, e ho'oka'awale ana i ka'ōlohelohe o ke kino mai ke ao waho.

Hāpai pū lākou i ka hana hana a me nā mea ho'onāukiuki. I ka manawa pinepine, ua hā'awi'ia nā kikowaena me nā pores e hō'oia ai i kēia. 'O ka hana nui hope loa,'o ia ka hana i loa'a.

'O kekahi'ano o ke kino o nā holoholona - epithelium glandular - hana i kahi hana secretory.

Nā uhi i nā mea kanu

'Ekolu'ano:

• Kekahi;
• Kauālua;
• Eia hou.

Hiki i nā'oko'a hulina ma waena o nā mea kanu ke ho'okomo i ka epidermis a me ka exoderm. 'O ka mua ma ka'ao'ao o nā lau a me nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio, a'o ka lua - ma ke kumu.

Kelepona helu luaary - periderm. Ua uhi'ia me nā ko'iko'i ko'iko'i.

'O kekahi uhi uhi'ē a'e he pīpī, ai'ole he rhytide.

Kōkua: ho'olālā a me ka hana

'O ka hana nui o kēia'ano o ka lole,'o ia ka pale'ana i ka mea kanu mai kahi malo'o. Ua'ike'ia i nā lā'au i ka wā a lākou i hō'ea ai i ka'āina malo'o. 'A'ohe'o Algae epidermis i kēia manawa, akā aia nō i kēia manawa i nā mea kanu.

'O ke kelepona o kēia'ano uhi he pale'ele'ele lahilahi. Hiki i nā kinikini a pau e pili pono kekahi i kekahi.

I nā mea kanu ki'eki'e, ua uhi'ia ka'ili a pau o nā mea i kahi cuticle - he papa o ka'oki.

'O ka ho'ohālikelike'ana o nā mea ulu o nā mea kanu e ho'olako i ka hiki'ana o nā pores - stomata kūikawā. Pono lākou no ka wai, ke kālepa a me ka ho'oponopono'ana i ka palekana. Ho'okumu'ia nā mea hana kila e nā pūnaewele kūikawā:'elua'ao'ao a me nā'ao'ao'ao'ao. E ho'okoe'ia nā kinipuni'ehiku i nā mea'ē a'e i ka nui o nā chloroplast. Eia kekahi, ua palahalaha loa ko lākou mau paia. 'O kekahi hi'ohi'ona o ka ho'olālā'ana o nā pūnaewele pau loa he nui aku ka nui o mitochondria a me nā leukoplasti me nā mea'ai nā mea'ai.

Ke waiho nei i nā mea kanu'oi a'e ma luna o nā lau, pinepine ma ko lākou'ao'ao'ao'ao, akā inā he wai ka mea kanu i ka'ao'ao luna.

'O kekahi hi'ohi'ona o ka epidermis kahi helehelena o nā lauoho, a i'ole nā trichomes. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i kahi pūnaewele a i'ole. Hiki i nā kumu ke hana i nā mea ma'amau, e like me ke'ano, i nā kākala.

Palenama

'O kēia'ano o ke'ano pilikino o ke'ano o nā mea kanu ki'eki'e, a he lā'au ko'iko'i kēia.

'O ka periderma he'ekolu papa. 'Oka - Fallogen - ka mea nui. Ke ho'oka'awale'ana i kona mau pu'upu'u, ua ho'onui mālie'ia ka papa waho - ka poli, a me ka mea i loko - ka phelloderm.

'O nā hana nui o periderm ka pale o ka mea kanu mai nā hana'ino, mai ke komo'ana o nā pathogens, a me ka mālama pono i ka mahana ma'amau. 'O ka hopena hope loa e ho'olako'ia e ka papa waho - ka momona, mai ka piha'ana o nā piha i ka ea.

Nā hana a me ke'ano o ka'ūpoki

Aia nā'ōpena make o ka phellogen. 'O ka uhi uhi'ē a'e aia ma waho, a puni ka periderm.

'O ka hana nui o ka'ūpoki ka mālama'ana i ka mea kanu mai nā hana'ino a me nā loli o ka mahana.

'A'ole hiki i nā pūnaewele o kēia'upena ke māhele. E māhele'ia nā pūnaewele o nā mea'ē a'e i loko. Ma ka li'uli'u, ua kīko'o ke kīpoki, kahi e ho'onui ai ke anawaena o ke kumu. Eia na'e, he'ano ha'aha'a li'ili'i kēia'ano kikolo, no ka mea, ua ho'olako'ia nā membrane i nā pūnaewele. Ma kēia'ano, e ho'omaka koke ana ka pīpī e pihi.

E uhi i ka lole ma ka nahele

Nā'ano like'ole o nā'i'o holoholona o nā holoholona he nui loa aku ma mua o nā mea kanu. E no'ono'o nui kākou.

Ma muli o ka ho'olālā'ana, ua'ike'ia nā'ano o nā mea pilikino i waena o nā holoholona: ho'okahi epithelium a me ka multilayered. I ke'ano o nā pūnaewele, ua māhelehele'ia ka mua i loko o ka'ōmika, ka pālahalaha a me ke kele. Ma muli o nā hana o ke kino a me kekahi mau hi'ohi'ona o kona hale,'ike'ia ke'ano o ke'ano, he'ano ma'amau, ciliate epithelium.

Aia kekahi mahele o ka epidermis - e pili ana i ka'upena i hana'ia i ka manawa o ke kāpili'ana o ke kōpoko. Ma kēia kulekele, hiki ke ho'omaopopo i nā'ano epidermalmoglial a me nā'ano angiodermal o epithelium. Hana'ia ka mua mai ka ectoderm. 'O ka hapanui pinepine e ho'olaha'ia, akā, e ulu ana ka laulā-nui.

Ho'okumu'ia ka Enteroerodermal mai ka endoderm, he lokahi. Ho'onohonoho'ia ka'ōpū-nephrodermal mai ka mesoderm. 'O kēia'ano epithelium he'alua ho'okahi, hiki ke hana'ia i pupuka ai'ole palala. 'O'Ependymoglial - kahi epithelium kūikawā, kahi e waiho ai i ka hakahaka o ka lolo. Hana'ia ia mai ka'ōpili neural o ka'ōpiopio, he papa-ho'okahi, pālahalaha. Ke hana'ia nei'o Angiodermal mai ka mesenchyme, aia ma loko o nā moku. Ho'okumu kekahi po'e noi'i i kēia'oko'a'a'ole i ka epithelial, akā e pili.

Kūkulu a me nā hana

'O nā hi'ohi'ona o ke kino pilikino o ka holoholona i loko o ka'oia'i'o aia nā pūnaewele i kahi kokoke loa i kekahi i kekahi, ua aneane kokoke kahi mea pili.

'O kekahi hi'ohi'ona ka hele'ana o kahi membrane basal. Hana'ia ia e ka hana o nā pūnaewele o nā kinikini integonentary a me ka connective. 'O ka mānoanoa o ka membrane basal kahi kokoke i 1 μm. Aia nā papa'elua: he mālamalama a he pouli. 'O ka mua, he'ano amorphous me kahi mea li'ili'i li'ili'i, waiwai nui i nā ioni calcium, e hā'awi ana i kahi loulou i waena o nā pūnaewele. 'O ka'ōpuni'ele'ele he nui loa o nā kololū a me nā'oihana fibrillar'ē a'e, e mālama i ka ikaika o ka membrane. Eia kekahi,'o ka'ele'ele pouli kahi o ka fibronectin a me ka laminin, e pono ai no ka ho'omana'o hou'ana i ka epithelium.

'O ka epithelium multilayered he'oi aku ka pa'akikī ma mua o ka epithelium ho'okahi. Eia kekahi la'ana,'o ka epithelium o nā'āpana'ele'ele o ka'ili he'elima papa: basal, prickly, granular, shiny and horny. 'O nā pūnaewele o kēlā me kēia kelepa he mau hale like'ole. 'O nā'elima o ka papa basal e like me ke'ano o ka'ōnika, ke'ano ula'ula - ma ke ano o kahi polygon, granular - rhomboid, shiny - flat, horny - dead cells scaly full with keratin.

'O nā hana o ka mea epithhelial ka pale o ke kino mai ka hana'ino a me ka ma'amau, mai ka komo'ana o nā pathogens. 'O kekahi'ano o epithelium he mau hana kūikawā. Eia kekahi la'ana,'o ka glandular ke kuleana no ka ho'oku'u'ia'ana o nā hormones a me nā mea'ē a'e, e like me ke ku'i'ana, ka wela, ka waiū a me nā mea'ē a'e.

Kahi o nā'ano like'ole o epithelium ma ke kino

No ka hō'ike'ana i kēia kumuhana, hō'ike mākou i ka papa.

Ke'ano o epithelium	Kahi
Ku	'O ka'eha waha, nasopharynx, esophagus
Nānā nui	'O loko o ka'ōpū, ka'ōpū
Kuhi	'O Kanaltsy o nā pu'upa'a
Mana'o	'O ka'ae hema
Ho'opili'ia	'O ka'ōhū'ōma'i
'O Glandular	'O ka momona
Lwared	'O ka papa ki'eki'e o ka'ili (peel, epidermis)

'O kekahi o kēia mau'ano he mau hana ma'amau. Eia kekahi la'ana,'o ka'elepona'ikepili i loko o ka ihu,'o ia ke kuleana o kekahi o nā'ano'elima -'o ke'ala.

Nā hopena

He'ano kūlohelohe nā kinopa'u ma nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. I ka hopena, ua'ano'ē aku lākou, he'ano'oi aku ka pa'akikī a hana i nā'oihana'ē a'e.

'O nā kinona o nā mea kanu he'ekolu'ano: ke kula nui, ke kula ki'eki'e a me nā mea'ē a'e. 'O ka mea ma'amau no nā mea kanu a pau, koe wale no ka algae, ke kula ki'eki'e - no ka mea nona ka'ōpiopio i'oi aku ka pa'akikī, nā mea'ē a'e - no nā mea kanu me ka'ōpala'ōpala.

Ua kapa'ia nā'āpana o nā holoholona he epithelial. He nui o ko lākou papahelu'ana: ka helu o nā papa, ke'ano o nā pūnaewele, nā'oihana, ke kumu o ka papahana. E like me ka ho'ohālikelike mua'ana, aia kahi epithelium ho'okahi a me ka multilayer. 'O ka lua, he kūmole, cubic, cylindrical, ciliate. 'O ke kolu o ka mea he pilikino,'olu'olu. Wahi a ka hā, he epidermal, entero-dermal, whole-phrenic, ependymoglial a angiodermal epithelium.

'O ka kumu nui o ka nui o nā'ano pilina e pili ana i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu,'o ia ke pale i ke kino mai kekahi mau mea i waho, ka ho'oponopono mahana.