Pluralism ma kālaiʻike - Philosophical pluralism mea ...

Na na 'ano o Contemporary philosophical ana hookahi hou hōʻoia ana i ka puu nui i kaʻano o ke kanaka huapalapala, ano a me ka ano o ka aayoaeuiinoe, i ka oi hana hoihoi, a emi like i kekahi i kekahi i kupu mai philosophical LIKE. I ka manao o ka poe akeakamai pono hilinaʻi ma ka mea ana i hana i loko o ke ola ana o keia ao. Pluralism ma kālaiʻike - keia mea kekahi o na wahi i i kaua kipi, no o keʻano o ke ano o ke kanaka hope.

Ke koena unuhi ma waena o philosophies

I ka hiapo a ka hapanui kumu māhele o ka poe akeakamai - ma ka materialists a me idealists. Materialists noonoo lākou ka mālamaʻana mea ma ka "prism" o ke ano. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea o ka nānāʻana i nā idealists i ka palapala ma luna o kanaka ka uhane a me ka nohona ola. Idealism mea a mau hoailona ia mea: Pahuhopu - ke kumu o ka ka mālamaʻana o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano o ke kuikahi; a pilikino - o ka hookumu ana o ka uhane ola o ka hoʻokahi kanaka. Materialists mea, mai ke ao nei a hiki i ke kanaka naau, a me idealists - o ka ke kanaka a hiki i ke ao nei.

Inā materialists ho'āʻo e wehewehe i ka luna ma ka lalo, na idealists i ka nana e hoole, a wehewehe i ka malalo ma ka kiʻekiʻe.

Mai pluralism ma kālaiʻike - ka hihioʻepekema o ko ke ao nei, i loko o a he likeʻole ma o ka hua mua kue ana i kekahi i kekahi, ia mea nui ia e hiki keʻikeʻano o nā worldviews o nā pūʻulu o ka poe akeakamai. Kēia mea ma ka mea e pono ike i ka oko ao ma waena o lākou. Aia i kekahi mahele o na poe akeakamai - ma irrationalists, rationalists a me empiricists.

Kaʻia "rationalism" ua unuhi mai Palani i rationalisme, me ka olelo kaulike mai ka Roma rationalis, a, ma ka huli, - mai ka Lakina lākiō. hiʻohiʻona o ia hoʻi, kumu. Ua penei i ka manaʻo o ka rationalism e Uwao me ka manaʻo o ka naʻau o ka mea nui i loko o kela la i keia ola ana. A irrationalism, ma ka mea ku ole, hoowahawaha mai i ka kiʻekiʻe nui o ke kumu i loko o kanaka ola.

Rationalists ho i ke kauoha. A pau i ike ole a me nä unuhi, ua makaukau e e hoohalike ana pololei ma kaʻike lākou.

Irrationalists e like chaotic nānaina o ke ola, e mālama, e pale aku i kekahi mea e makemake, i hiki i ka loa he mea hiki ole. Na kanaka aloha paradoxes, mea pohihihi a me mysticism. Laulā o ka ike a me ka naʻaupō,ʻo ia kā lākou mau kumu hapai ana o ke ola.

Empiricism - keia mea he exaggeration, absolutization o kanaka hana a me ka peremptory ala o ka manaʻo. He palapala manaʻo, ka uapo ma waena o rationalism a me ka irrationalism.

Pluralism ma kālaiʻike

Eia naʻe, ke akeakamai mea i manawa e hiki i ka huli pane, no ka mea, i lawelawe i kēia 'epekema, e hana me nā'ēheu kēia'ēheu o nāʻokoʻa. Kekahi o ka loa pilikia nīnau i kālaiʻike mea ole, e haawi aku i ka definite pane, o: "Pehea he nui ma laila nō o ka hohonu kumu o ka maluhia?" One a elua, paha hou aku? Ma ka huli 'ana no ka pane no keia ninau mau loa i hana ekolu ke ano o na kālaiʻike: monism, dualism a me ka pluralism.

Pluralism ma kālaiʻike - ke akeakamai i loko o ke ao nei, e ike i ke ola ana o ka helu nui o interacting kumu a me nā kumumea. Ka hua'ōlelo "pluralism" (mai ka Roma pluralis -. Plural) hoʻohana e wehewehe mai i na mau mea o ka uhane ola. Pluralism hiki ke loaʻa i loko o maʻamau o ke ola. No ka laʻana, ma kekahi aupuni e ia i ke ola ana o kekahi mau manao a me ka 'aoʻao. Ke ola ana o nā conflicting wale i ae pluralism. Ia ka leo o ka "pluralism". Definition o ka pluralism ka loa mea, i ke ola ana o kekahi mau manaʻo, kumu a me nā kumumea maoli ai i kānaka a me ka meaʻaʻole i kekahi mea noloko mai o ka mea maʻamau.

Pluralism i loko o ke ola ana o ke kanaka i loko o ke alanui

Inā e nānā hoʻi, pluralism hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka poe noonoo ole maʻamau o ke ola. He aha hiki mākou e'ōlelo aku, ia mea ma na wahi a. No ka laʻana, pluralism i hoʻomaopopo i ka moku'āina mea, ua kama'āina i ka a pau. Ua aneane kela aupuni i ka hale kanawai, a hiki e mai kekahi i kekahi poe. Ka mea, i kekahi mau Pahuhopu a me noaia hoʻokele a me nā mea hoʻololi i radically okoa mai kekahi i kekahi. Oia kekahiʻano o ka pili aupuni koa a me kā lākou Competition i loa loio, a kue o pono, i ka hoopaapaa ana ma waena o nā poʻe i kākoʻo o kekahi aoao i ole uncommon. Ke ola ana o kekahi mau koa i loko o ka hale kanawai kapa nunui-aoao nenoaiu. Kēia - ka pluralism i loko o ke ano o ka moku'āina.

dualism

Dualism - he philosophical Outlook, i ike i loko o ke ao nei o ka hoike ana o ka elua e ku pono ana kekahi i kekahi, hoomaka ae la, i ka paio ma waena o i hana i ka mea a mākou iʻike a puni mākou, a me ka ia no hoi i ka mea lanakila. hoomaka keia e kue ana i na mea he nui incarnations: Good, a me ka hewa, Yin a me Yang, ka lā a me ka po, me ka Alpha, a me ka Omega, ke kane a me ka wahine, ke Akua, a me ka diabolo,ʻEleʻele a me White, Uhane a me ka ?? lelo, Light a me ka pouli, ia mea, a antimatter, a no laila, ma luna o. . ua hoʻokumu he nui na poe akeakamai a me philosophical kula ma luna o ka akeakamai o ka dualism. Radio e like me Descartes a me Spinoza dualism ano nui i kūlana i loko o ke ola. Plato a me Hegel, Marxism O ( "Trud", "Capital"), oe hiki ke 'imi i ka honua o ka elua e ku pono ana. Ke'ī mai, i ka makahiki iiiaanoaa mea iki okoa mai duality no ahuwale oko ao.

Pluralism ma Culture

Ma waho kālai'āina, pluralism mea hiki ke aloha ia nui no hoi na wahi o kanaka haʻawina, e like me moʻomeheu. Pili I Ka pluralism apono 'no ke ola ana o na lawelawe kulanui a me ka uhane ka hoʻopaʻi' ana. No ka laʻana, Kristiano ua maheleia i Catholicism, Orthodoxy a me Protestantism. Kēia variability o ka Ekalesia e hooiaio i ke ola ana o ka pluralism i loko o ka nohona poepoe o ka ke kanaka. Pluralism hoʻohuʻu i kekahi heluna hui i ka pono, e kuai lilo aku ia lakou iho, a me ko lakou moʻomeheu pono. E like me ka rula, he kanaka mea noa i ka hoike a me ka hoomalu i ko lakou waiwai moe e pili ana i nui hanana no ia. Ideological iiiaanoaa 'aelike i hōʻoia ana i ka moku'āina ike ideological ka nohona, a meʻaʻohe hoʻokahi ideology.

monism

Ke kumu o keia kālaiʻike - i ka manaʻo i ka mea, hoʻokahi wale nō hoʻomaka 'ana. Monism hiki e materialistic paha idealistic. Ma ka puali ano o ka pluralism ma kālaiʻike - ia mea he philosophical manaʻo, e ku pono ana monism, ma i neia manawa, ua nui like paha kuokoa nāʻoihana, loa hiki ole ke hoemi ia i kekahi luna, ua hiki ke olelo pololei e ku pono ana kekahi i kekahi, radically okoa. Ma ka palapala mua, e kukakuka i wale nō ka mea, a me ka lua o ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka hookahi manaʻo hoʻike, e manao ana i ka uhane. Monism hookahi - i ka olelo o ka ke kuʻikahi, e radically hoʻokaʻawale ia mai ia i ka mea like me ka "philosophical pluralism."

mea hiki kālaiʻike

Mea hiki kālaiʻike e alualu ana i ka pono mau manao, mau manao, a kamaʻilio ma hooikaika ana kanaka i ka hana maikaʻi a me ka hanaʻana, a me ka hoohuli ana ia oukou, mai ko lakou lalau, negatively i kohuia, hewa hana. Ma na mea olelo, ka mea hiki akeakamai mea hiki ia o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mana o ka manao, e ho ololi i na manao o kanaka' ana i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka poe noonoo ole kamaʻilio.

pluralism Hiʻona

Interestingly, i ka manawa "pluralism" hoʻolauna H. Wolf i ka 1712. I ka moolelo o ka kālaiʻike mea,ʻaʻole loa e hiki ke loaʻa i ka pūkaʻina iiiaanoaa, e like me pūkaʻina monism. Loa, he pono ole pluralism i loko o ka lehulehu poepoe, like i ua pinepine ae la oia i oleloia. Ideological pluralism ka paipai 'ana i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ka hoʻohuiʻana o ke kānāwai, ma ka nui o ka Kumukanawai, ke' ano o ka ideological ana, o ka papa, ina aole lakou e ole e kahea aku no ka hanaʻino,ʻaʻole incite kānāwai aupuni ai 'ole' ē aʻe discord. Haʻi i ka moku'āina 'ole ma kona nui ana e hōʻoia ana i ka rula o ka pluralism. He nui ke kaila kēia ka hoʻonuiʻana ao ai i kanaka e like kā lākou manaʻo - he nui na mea he nui, a me ka mea, e pau nō like no i ka moʻomeheu, Hawaiʻi a me ka mōʻaukala oko ao.

Dogmatists a me skeptics

Poe akeakamai e maheleia i dogmatists a me skeptics. Dogmatic poe akeakamai i maikai, no ka mea, hiki ka hoʻomōhala kā lākou mau manaʻo, a me ka moku'āina o 'ē aʻe, i ko lākou mau manaʻo. Hoomalu aku a hoʻopaʻapaʻa wale no ia lakou, e like me ka rula, ma ka uhane o ka 'oluʻolu, affirmative, constructive philosophizing. Akā, i ka-Liloa poe akeakamai ma ka pololei e ku pono ana o na poe akeakamai-tenets. Ke akeakamai o ko lākou mau noho pilikia, luku. Manaʻo ka mea, e ole paka, akā, wale nema aku ana nā kanaka. Poe akeakamai dogma - he akeakamai inventors a expounder. Poe akeakamai-skeptics - keia e huli ana, sweepers, kekahi ho'ākāka 'ana ka mea e ole haawi aku.

Ke subjectivist, objectivist, methodologists

Kanaka noonoo, subjectivist, objectivist a me methodologists. Poe akeakamai objectivistʻano nui kālele ana ma luna o kēia wā a me mea hemahema o ko ke ao nei a me ka lehulehu. I ka waeʻano o ka poe akeakamai i materialists ontologist, kūlohelohe poe akeakamai. Poe akeakamai subjectivists More hoʻomāka a kālele ana ma luna o nā pilikia o ke kaiāulu, ke kaiāulu, a me ka kanaka i loko o pakahi. Mau poe akeakamai 'ana hai loa idealistic kālaiʻike o ke ola, existentialist, pou-modernists. Poe akeakamai, methodologists hoomaopopo i na pono e hana i ka hopena o ke kanaka hope. A pau i ua invented, na lau ke kua, a e haʻalele kanaka, o ke kahua o ka ha awina a me ke kumu no na kēia hui kūkāʻana o ka poe akeakamai, methodologists. Mau nā Neo pragmatists positivists, e like me ka poeikohoia o ka'ōlelo kālaiʻike, kālaiʻike o ka 'epekema.

Classic pluralism

Classic pluralist, i ke hoʻomaopopo iho i elua kuokoa hoʻomaka, noʻonoʻo Empedocles. I kona mau kānāwai i ka honua pono ia a hana ma na kumu mua eha - wai, ka honua, ea a me ke ahi. Ka mea, ua mau loa a me ka kŰlń hanauna, a nolaila, mai pili kekahi i kekahi, a me ka mea, ua malihini e hele kekahi i kekahi. Kēia kumumanaʻo wehewehe i na mea a pau ia lŘlŘ ma hoʻohuihui ka eha oihana mua o ke ao nei. Holo nōhie philosophical pluralism - o ka mau pilikia o ke kumumanaʻo, a ua io i ka hoʻohana 'wale nō i loko o ka hihia wā wehewehe i kekahi mau Logicalʻaoʻao' Aʻole e holopono ana.

Pluralism ma kaiāulu

Oddly lawa, akā, i ka pluralism o ke kaiāulu e pono i ke ea i ke kanaka. Ke kaiāulu i loko o ka maikai ana, a functioning pono, ka mea, ua pono i ke alo aku o kekahi mau pūʻulu o kanaka me vastly okoa wale, ideological kumu a me ka hoʻomana. Nui o ka mea i ole emi pono ai, a me ka manawa kūpono o ka noa noʻonoʻo loi o dissidents - like me ka'ōlelo hele, he hoopaapaa hanauia oiaio ma. He ke ola ana o kekahi pūʻulu ka poʻea pau i ka holomua o ke akeakamai, 'epekema a me ka' ē aʻe no ka hoʻopaʻi 'a puni ka honua.

Aia i kekahi poʻe o ka poe akeakamai, a ia mea paakiki ke kaila i kekahi ao ao. Ka mea, i kapaʻia ke gula kālaiʻike, a me taxonomy, na kanaka haku o ka hulina philosophical nenoai. Ka mea, e omnivorous i loko o ka maikaʻi ano o ka olelo. Ka mea, i kekahi 'ano maikaʻi-O ke kaulike walohia antipathy, a me na manao a me na kuleana i kuhikuhi ia ma kekahiʻaoʻao. I waena o nā mea a pau i kēia motley poʻe ka mea pono i ka inoa o ka poe akeakamai - kanaka eʻimi i ka naʻauao, ka ike. I ke ola, e ike 'ia no ka mea ia mea, a me ka mai ole e hala ka manawa - keia mea kā lākou pahuhopu nui. No pluralism paha monism mea ole no ia axiom. Ka mea, e i makemake i ka hoole, akā, e ike na mea a pau. Ka mea, - ka ai-kapaia philosophicalʻano koa.

hopena

Pluralism a me ke ahonui, pili me ia, no laila, nui mozolyaschaya maka o kânaka o authoritarian ideology a me ideological fundamentalism lilo he nui nui i loko o ke kia-totalitarian honua ma ka pili ana i ka pono no ka democratization o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me kona mahope Germanization. Ma keia kulana, kemokalaka pluralism ua ho onui ana ka wikiwiki nui, a ua hiki ke olelo aku, hāpai i ka manaʻo o ka hou kūkulu o nā ka moku'āina a me ka lehulehu. Kēia, ma ke alanui, he pololei pane like i ke kumu pluralism ai makau o na mea he nui dictators. Wale no i ka manao o ua pluralism, moku'āina, kekahi manao, i mea e ku e ana i ko lakou iho, aole e pono e rushila a pau totalitarian, dictatorial kauoha.

I mea e maopopo hou loa ka pluralism, ka mea, ua waiho i ka heluhelu i ka hana ana o kekahi nä känaka 'epekema o ke Kulanui o Tartu, i ka poe akeakamai Leonida Naumovicha Stolovicha. Kona puke o ka loa piha, versatile a oi kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana ma mua o nā like kino i loko o kālaiʻike. Ka puke nā ekolu pauku.

1. pluralist kālaiʻike.
2. Pluralism ma kālaiʻike.
3. Pluralist kālaiʻike.

ka mea i hoihoi i loko o ka mea pluralism ka poe a pau, i ka ho'ākāka 'ana hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kēia puke. Ua Ua kekahiʻano nui hōʻike i ka manawa kūpono o ka pluralistic hoʻomanaʻo no ka makakū, makakū pokole philosophical manaʻo.