Polar ia hoonoho ai i "Vostok" Antarctica: hōʻike, mōʻaukala, aniau a me ke kōkua o ke

An Enduring Russian Polar ia hoonoho ai i "Vostok" ma Antarctica i hanaia i ka 1957. Ua Ua Aia ma ka waena konu o ka'āinapuniʻole, ka hau, a me ka hau. Like 59 makahiki aku nei, a me keia la ia mea he hōʻailona o ka inaccessibilityʻauamo.

Ka mamao mai ka wahi i ku ai a hiki i ka South Pole mea emi ma mua a hiki i ke kai, a me ke ku heluna aʻole i 25 kanaka oi aku. Low mahana, kiekie, o ka oi aku mamua o ekolu kilomika ma luna o ka 'ilikai, he piha hoʻokaʻawale, mai ke ao nei i loko o ka hooilo huli ia i loko o kekahi o ka loa ke koikoi no kanaka noho wahi ma ka Honua. I loko nō o ka pilikia keia, ke ola ma ka "hikina" 'Aʻole i pau, a hiki ma -80 ° C. ʻepekema, eʻimi ana i nā hanana subglacial moana wai, i kahi ma ka hohonu o ka eha kilomika.

wahi

ʻepekema ia hoonoho ai i "Vostok" (Antarctica) aia i loko o ka 1253 ei, mai ke kukuluhema Pole a me 1260 ei mai ka mokuna o ke kai. Icecapʻaneʻi i ka mānoanoa o 3700 m + ihoiho. I ka hooilo, ka ia hoonoho ai i hiki ole e hiki aku ai, no laila, i ka Polar explorers i e hilinaʻi wale ma luna o lākou iho ikaika. mokulele hoopakele 'aneʻi ma ka kauwela wahie. "Holomua" no ka mea wahi mea, a me ka sledge-enuhe hua lole mai ke koa i hoʻohana. Mua, e like me kekahi mau ukali e hele mai ana, a me ka "Maluhia" wahi i ku ai, akā, i kēia lā, ma muli o ia i ka mahuahua ana o hummocks ma ke ala o ka huakaʻi, ka mea, he mea hiki ole.

Polar ia hoonoho ai i "Vostok" kahi kokoke i ka South Geomagnetic Pole o ko mākou Honua. Ua apono 'oe e komo ma ka noiʻi Honua kaʻume mākenēki kahua loli. Iloko o ke kauwela ma ke ku e ana i kanaka he kanaha - nā kānakaʻenehana a me nā kānakaʻepekema.

"Vostok" wahi i ku ai: mōʻaukala, aniau

Kēia kū hoʻokahi scientific mawaena konu i kūkuluʻia i loko o 1957 no ka noiʻi a me ka nānāʻana i nā kaiaola o Antarctica. Mai ka hoʻokumuʻo o ka Lūkini ku "Vostok" ma Antarctica ua i hoʻomalolo i hana, kona hana mau i keia la. ʻepekema i loa hoihoi i loko o ka relict subglacial Lake. hananaʻeli mauʻaʻei ka hoʻokomo kālā i paʻa i loko o ka hapalua like-nineties ma ka wahi. First thermalʻepekema, a laila electromechanical ma luna o kekahi e hali ana i uwea i hoʻohana.

ʻeli AARI pūʻulu a me ka Leningrad hoʻouku Institute me Kāʻeokūlani, loaa i kū hoʻokahi lola honua lake "East". Ua mea i hunaia hau pepa mānoanoa o ka oi aku mamua o eha tausani mika. Kona Ana, presumably 250x50 kilomika. Ka hohonu o ka luna o 1.200 mika. Kona wahi aku i 15,5 tausani kapuaʻi kuea kilomika.

Ano, i ka hooulu ana o ka hou papahana no ka anamanaʻo o ka hohonu moanawai. "East" - ku ma Antarctica, i loko o ka pale umauma hoʻokahi aupuni pekelala polokalamu "World Ocean" hapa. Eia hou kekahi, noiʻi e investigating kanaka haʻawina i loko o ia mau loa ana.

aniau

I hoʻohalahala kumu kaulana Polar ia hoonoho ai i "Vostok". ole coldest wahi ma ka honua - hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hua olelo ke aniau o ka wahi. Eia, ke kāpae palena iki i kākau wela - 89 ° C. ʻawelike nā hoailona ma ka makahiki huahelu mai -31 ° C a - 68 ° C, mai a hiki i ka loa i kā mākou, a ua paa ia ma ka mamao godu 1957 - -13 ° C. 120 lā mau Polar po - mai ka hopena April a hiki i ka hopena o August.

Na koʻu mahina ma luna o ke koa - December a me January. I keia manawa, i ka mahana -35,1 ° C -35,5 ° C. Kēia wela Ua like ke anu ka hooilo anthrax. Na coldest mahina - August. ea ka mahana, e hina ia e -75,3 ° C, a me kekahi manawa ma lalo -88,3 ° C. Ka coldest i kā mākou (lā) -52 ° C, no nā mea a pau i nā loina o Mei o ka wela, aole ia i ku ma luna o -41.6 ° C. Akā, haʻahaʻa Mahana O Ke Kai - ia mea,ʻaʻole he nui aniau pilikia a me ka hakaka ana no explorers.

Station "East" (Antarctica) ua ke aupuni 'i loko o ka wahi me ka aneane Aʻohe humidity. Eia ka mea, he muli o ka oxygen. Ke koa Ua Aia ma ke kiekie o ka oi aku mamua o ekolu tausani mika luna o kaʻilikai. Ma ia i ka luna 'āina kanaka aeeeeiaoecaoee mau mai ka hebedoma kekahi a hiki i na malama elua. Kēia kaʻina Ua ana pu ma ka Mele O i loko o ka maka, pōniuniu, nosebleeds,ʻeha i loko o nā pepeiao, he manao o ka suffocation, mahuahua ke koko, hiamoe kāna hana, lilo o ka ikaika loa ka makemake, nausea, loa kaʻeha ma nā nāʻiʻo a me ka ami, ke kaupaonaʻana poho o ka mai i elima kilograms.

ʻepekema hana

"East" - he koa i loko o Antarctica, kahi e hoʻomalu i oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka kenekulia o ka noiʻi i mea pōhaku a me ka hydrocarbon maka mea, inu i ka wai lako, lawe actinometrical, aero-meteorological, glaciological a me ka Geophysical loina. Eia hou kekahi, D. ka mea, hana 'inikua noiʻi, këia ka huliau, hoʻomaka noiʻi "'okikene kolu puka" a no laila, ma luna o.

Life ma ke koa

"East" - ku ma Antarctica, kahi kūikawā kanaka ola a me ka hana. Ka mea, e infinitely kupaʻa i kā lākou mau kumu, ka mea, e hoihoi i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kēia pohihihi'āinapuniʻole. Kēia pulakaumaka nui, i loko o ka maikai ano o ka olelo, hiki ia lakou, e hoomanawanui i ka'īnea o ke ola, lōʻihi-manawa kaawale ana mai i wae. Polar ola hiki wale huāhuā wale i ka loa,ʻAʻole eʻole extremals.

Station "Vostok" (Antarctica) he nui kona hiʻona. No ka laʻana, ma ka maʻamau o ke ola ua hoopuniia kakou e ia e kekahi nā mea kolo - Letra Kolohe Kai, makika, makika. Ma ke koa, aohe mea. Aia mea,ʻaʻole i microorganisms. Ka waiʻaneʻi - mai hehee ka hau. Ia, aole ia e apo ia kekahi nā minelala hao a paʻakai, pela ka mua manawa kanu poe hanaʻike piʻi ikaika makewai.

Mākou i mua i olelo ia e noiʻi i uaʻepekema lōʻihi pono i ka mea pohihihi Lake Vostok. I ka 2011, ma ka hohonu o ka 3540 mika i loaa ma ka hou hau i namerz lalo. Kēia paʻahau ka wai loko. Polar hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ia mea maʻemaʻe a me ka loa oluolu i ka ai, ka mea hiki ke hoolapalapaia a brewed kī.

Ka hale, ka home i Polar explorers i kēlā moku he mau-mika ahu iho la ka hau. Loko ka mea, aohe ao. mau Haʻalele i ka i ke kēpau ma waho - ka papa, a me ke koe. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE ala - o ka puka ma i eli iho i loko o ka hau, he kanalima-mika tunnel. Pilikia OAAIeOO nui pōkole. He He pali staircase e alakai ana i ka hale o ke koa.

Ka noho hale i ka saloon, ka TV ma luna o ka pā pōhaku (eia nae ano honua kahi kīwī ia hoonoho ai i mea e ike), he wai auau papaʻaina. A hiki i ka mehana ea Hawaiʻi i lalo Aʻohe, ma laila a pau ho'āʻo mai i ka hele. Akā, i kekahi lā, explorers holoholona loaʻa hemahema mea piliwaiwai hooluolu mai. Ua Ua hoala hou, hoʻohui i ka TV, a me ka wardroom hele mai i ke ola - e loaʻa nō e hele ana i ka explorers. I ka mehana nā lakeke a me ka lole wāwae, a me nā kamaʻa puki pālule, ka mea hele mai e pāʻani kēia ho'āla kaua a me nā lāhui kanaka kēlā hana.

Polar memo i i ke koa "Vostok" (Antarctica) ua hoohuliia i hua'ōlelo o ka maʻamau o ke ola i loko o nā makahiki. Mahana ola wahi, na keena no kālaiʻike hana, he lumi lumi, he kakolina diesel pa alima a me ka 'ē aʻe e pono ai ke ola o ka' ole o ke koa i ke ola nei mea he maliuia mai.

Ke ahi ma luna o ka "Vostok" wahi i ku ai ma Antarctica

ʻumikumamālua ma April 1982 ka "hikina" ua ole i hui 'ana me ka pelapela. No kekahi hiki i wānana mea hiki. I ka po, ma ka haʻalele 'ana, i ka ia hoonoho ai iʻikeʻia ma luna o ke ana' eiwa manawa. I ka wā o ka pilina ua ole, a ma ka lua o ka hora i'ōleloʻia ai, ka mea, ua ike: he mea kupanaha. Ka nele o ka 'ōlelo - ma kekahi hihia o ka pilikia ulia. Ana o ka pilikia ma ke koa laila,ʻaʻohe i kekahi hiki i ike mua.

Station "East" (Antarctica) mai i ke kuokoa lumi, kahi i waiho kakolina diesel mana wahi. Aia a me ke ahi, pii ma ka po o Maraki 12. Ka mea, ua i ka hoʻomaka o ka hooilo. Ma ka mana ka mea, i kukulu i ka haleʻuʻuku ma ka i noho mechanics. Laua a ala ae i eha ma ke kakahiaka o ka acrid hohono o ka uwahi.

Waho, ka mea i loaʻa i ke ahi i ke ahi ma luna o ka hale. A mau minuke mea a pau winterers koke kahikoia a holo mai i loko o ke anu. Pāpaho i naauao ana i ka wahi, hele aku la iwaho. Ka malamalama ua wale ma luna o ke ahi.

no ka hakakā 'ana

Ke ahi i hoomaka ai e kiola i ka hau, a laila, ho'āʻo e uhi ia ia me ka kāpōlena, e pale aku i ke komo ana o ka oxygen. Akā, kāpōlena, ignited nei. Kānaka e piʻi ai ma luna o ka hale, ua i koke lele iho. Ke kaupaku Ua loa ke ahi no kanakolu minuke.

He umikumamalima mika mai ke koa e ku ana i ka pahu me ka kakolina diesel wahie. Ae la ia lakou he mea hiki ole - ka mea, ua kaumaha loa. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ka makani e pā mai ana ma ke ku pono ana i ka ao ao. Uku haʻakiu Nā hoi a me ia kakolina diesel wahie ua nui anu, i ke anu ua (viscosity). Pane akula ua lilo loa wela e bust mai.

Koke explorers i i nana ole ia he mea kekahi lunaʻenehana iwaena o lakou. Ua loaʻa kona i koe i loko o ka lehu. Koke ma hope o ke ahi ia hoonoho ai i pā i koe me ka wela a me ka malamalama, akā, ke alanui ua -67 ° C ...

Pehea e ola?

Aia i kekahi maoli poino. Down mau kakolina diesel mīkini hana wāwahie ihola ia mai ia lako uila ku a me ka mau no?. Mai lilo i ka malamalama ma na keena ka mea, i de-Ka Hōʻeu? Iie mea, iuo aaoa? A ho'ēmi iho kapuahi i loko o ka galley. Ka pilikia ua a hiki i ka wai - ka mea i hoomakaukauiaʻi elektrotayalke o ka hau. I ka pili i ka hoʻoponopono lumi loaʻa i ke kahiko kerosene kapuahi. Ua Ua hoʻoneʻe i kekahi o ka hale noho Barracks.

A i keia manawa frantically huli no ke ala mai o ke kulana ma Moscow. kukakuka mākou me na pailota, a luina. Akā, i kekahi o na koho hiki ke hoʻokō i loko o ka hoʻohalahala Polar po.

Life ma hope o ka ahi

Explorers hoʻoholo ihola e ola ma luna o lākou iho. Wiwoʻole kā i ole kali no ka kōkua mai i ka pelapela. Ma Moscow, he Radio manaʻo i ho'īli: "A hiki i ka pūnāwai ola." Ka mea, ike iho la i ka icy'āinapuniʻole aʻole e kala missteps, akā,ʻo ka merciless i ka poe manao.

Ka hooilo, hoomau iho la oia i ka puʻe-majeure ana. Explorers Ua hoʻoneʻe i loko o kekahi wahi e noho ai. Ma ke kumu o ke kinoea nā paukūʻolokaʻa koli elima hou stoves. Ma keia lumi, a ua he keena moe, a me ka lumi lumi, a me ka lumi kuke, a me ka poe akeakamai kani.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE drawback o ka hou e'a'ā ana i mea eleele. Ua ohi i ka bākeke no ka lā. Ma hope o ka manawa, hoomaikai, e nana i ka aerology a kukeʻana winterers ke kalua ai i ka berena. Apana o ka mea hōʻike, e apo la i ka umu paia, a hiki i ka berena loa edible.

I wela ai, a me ka wela i koi 'ia ka malamalama. A laila, i kēia mau kanaka mana hoʻomaka e e ihoiho ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kanawai a me ka paraffin asbestos kaula. "Kukui hola" hana a hiki i ka hopena o ka hooilo.

Hana mau!

I loko nō o ka mea hiki ole keia, e increasingly hoomaka explorers e noonoo i ka mau nō lā hoʻi o ka 'epekema haʻawina. Akā, i kēia ka ukuia a hiki i ka nui nele o ka uila. Na wale i koena engine satisfies he Radio pono a me ka kuʻihao. It wale "makau i ka hanu."

Aka hoi, e iaoai? Alalai mai i ko map loina wale i ke ahi. Ma hope o ka pōʻino, ka mea hana e like me ka hana mau. Haka pono ana ia ia, a laila, hana magnetologist.

ke ola

A paʻa ka hooilo, - i lōʻihi ke anu, me ka lń ka wā o oxygen shortage, me ka nunui he leo. Akā, i kēia mau kanaka ke hoʻomanawanui, i loko iho o ka feat. Ka mea, i ole nalowale ka pakiko, a "ʻaiʻana" i ka hana. Ka mea, mau ae la ia 7,5 mahina, e like me ka olelo mai ai ma ka Moscow curators, ma ka loa ana.

I ka hoʻomaka o Novemaba a hiki i ka ia hoonoho ai i lele IL-14, i lawe mai i ka hou mīkini hana wāwahie a me ka eha hou ka hooilo, o ka mea e hiki mai ana, i ka 28th huakaʻi. Ka mea, ua i waena o na ohua o ka mokulele a me ka lōʻihi-kakali Kauka. I mai la ia ia i manao e ike i ke koa demoralized a me ka hooweliweli kanaka. Eia naʻe, ua pau pono kēia mau nō.

A ma hope o umikumamalima lā o "Maluhia" hiki sledge-kaʻa kauō nalowale. He lawe kukulu pono hana a me nā huahana, e like me nā mea a pau o ka mana o na mea kanu no? Ieoaeunoaa. Ma hope iho o ia manawa, hele wikiwiki wahi: a pau ho'āʻo i ka e mai ai no ka hoʻonui "aie" no ka noiʻi.

A hiki i ka loli la, i ke koa explorers hoouna ma ka pelane i "maluhia". Na ia mau papa, a lawe mai la i ka i koe iho o ka mea i make Alexei Karpenko. Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka Ant- "Novodevichy" ilina. Ke koena i laila 'o ia i ka Polar moku "Bashkiria", i lawe ia i Leningrad. I kēia lā, i ka mea, a pau e ola ana, a pono, a me ka ua i ia manawa kekahi kanaka hookahi manawa hou i ka lawe 'ana i loko o ka Ant- huakaʻi.

Station "Vostok": kipa rula

Iauaeoia oo? Ecia, no ka mea mea, a me ka mākaukau e hele, o ka ia hoonoho ai i ua ole wale priglashayut- Research Center. Eia naʻe, e hele aku e ike i ka "hikina" mea nō e hiki. E hana i kēia, ke aikane e e pili ana i ka Research Institute o ka Arctic a me ka ho'āʻo conclusively ke kumu i ke ku pono ia. Palena iki olelo no nā kānaka noi manawaleʻa - maikai ola kino, a me ka puu o ka maikaʻi kēia mākau.