PT-76 amphibious pahu: ano, 'ano a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke Kaua Honua II i ka Soviet Union i ka hoao ana nui i loko o ka hana ana o ka lana mau mea i kahikoiaʻi kaa. I ka makahiki kanaha-mua o ka Red Army i ka nui'auwaʻa o ia i keʻano hana, nae, i ka hakakā ana ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ka nui o ka lukuʻenemi hao wale. Ke koena o ka mīkini mea pono ole pahuhopu nei me nā Pahuhopu o ke aupuni, a hiki i lawa, e hooikaika i ka poe koa. PT-76 hāpana - lana pahu, a i ke kala o ka pūkaʻina ua like ia me ka lāʻau kū-kaua makahiki. Ma kona kumu, ua hoʻokuʻuʻia kekahi mau ka hoʻololi 'ana. E hoomanao i na ano a me nā hiʻona o ka amphibian.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

Amphibious pahu PT-76 i oaony iai? Oaiaaou i ka pū caliber 76 mm o. Ka mea, e hiki e ke transporting paa caiiaaaiiai? A me nā e hiki ke hoolilo i ke kapa kila a hiki i ka iwakalua o ka airborne. ? Ac? A hou 'enehana manao Buro i ma luna o ke shipbuilding kanu ma Nizhny Novgorod ( "Red Sormovo").

Ka mua paʻa o nā prototypes Ua i loko o 1948. Eia naʻe, ke kükohu i i kekahi, i ka hoao ana, ma hope a ka hooulu ana i Institute o lawe aku 'enekinia, ma St. Petersburg (Leningrad). Hana kēia manawa, ua hoonohoia Stalingrad amo mea kanu. Nohona ma hooponopono ana o ka papahana lawe mai Zh Ya. Kotin.. I kekahi manawa, ma lalo o kona alakaʻiʻana i hana kaumaha ka hoʻoponopono-propelled mea kaua. Ma ke kūlana o ke kēpau poʻe akamai i Shamshurin NF

Ke hou papahana Ua loaa inideka 740. Ma ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1950, ua hookuu i ka prototype. I loa ho'āʻo hou hakakā kaa ma luna o ke poʻo i ka oi kona competitor (K-90 mai Moscow Manufacturers), hele ana a pau na nā pilikia. Ma 'Aukake 1951, i ka mea i kapaʻia "amphibious pahu PT-76" a ua aponoia.

Design hiʻona

Noonoo koa mīkini i ka paninaʻia, ka mea pili i ka maʻalahi papa. Mea e kahiko mau pūʻali i ekolu compartments:

1. 'ōnaehana Oihana, neo? aaiiai? i loko o ke kakaka.
2. Kaua pahu aia ma ka waena konu o ke kino, i hoʻolako pono me ka conical halekiai hoʻonohonohoʻia.
3. Ka mana pack ma ka hope o ka hale. Aia He He kakolina diesel engine, a me ka paʻa o ka wai jets (mua hoʻohana ma o ka muli o kēiaʻano hana).

Ke pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ke kaʻa i mua i loko o 1951. Mass? Iecaianoaaiiuo Hoomau iho la lakou a hiki i ka makahiki 1967 me ka huina pipeline mai la lakou ilalo ma kahi o eha tausani kope hoʻomaka 'ana. I ka makahiki 1967, i wehe 'ia mai ka hana o ka lako a pan.

PT-76 pahu: Features

ʻO kēia nō ka tactical a me ka oaoieei kumumanao:

• Product waeʻano - lana pahu.
• ? Iecaianoaaiiuo makahiki - 1951.
• Ka luina - ekolu kanaka.
• Ka huakai kaapuni a hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha - Classic.
• Ka lōʻihi / laula / kiekie - 6,91 / 3,18 / 2,19 m.
• kapa kila mānoanoa - mai ka 5 a hiki i 13 mm o, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kulana (ihu, aoao, lalo, hale kiai).
• Base - 4,08 mika.
• Track - 2,74 mm o.
• Ke lumen o ke alanui - 37 knm.
• Hoʻokoe Type - olokaa homogenous kila o kiekie ae ikaika.
• Armament - rifled pu caliber 76 mm o mīkini pu SGMT 7,62 mm o.
• Pana huahelu - mai i 12 ei.
• kikokiko i maka - telescopic momoku ahi TSHK-66.
• Mana mea kanu - kakolina diesel engine V-6 ka hana 240 horsepower.
• ka mämä holo 'inideka (i kā mākou) - 44 km / h ma ka aina, 10,2 km / h - Lani.
• Weight - 14 tona.
• Pā ma waho - 2.8 m.
• Cruising kea aupuni / Lani - 210/70 ei.
• Wehe - kanaka torsion type.
• I Kekahi Mau mana - 17,1 nā lika. mau / m.

Adaptations kilo a me ka launa pu

Lightweight lana FET-pahu 76 ua lako pono me ekolu periscopic manaʻo i i hoonohonoho ia ma ka kaʻapuni Tora luna koa. Fixtures i lele paa, a i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo maikaʻi o ka makemake ana ia mea haiki kaiaulu.

I na mea maalea i fivefold mahuahua ana i loko o ke kahua o ka manao, a 7,5 degere o ka moana lipolipo. Nāʻaoʻao i periscopes TNP me hookahi magnification. Kauoha aku la i no ka niio? Iaua mau mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia hoʻokahi wale nō hookahi hoʻokaʻa mea e hoʻonui ai i ka'āina-4. Ua Ua Aia ma ke alo o ka hoʻomoe i loko o ka hale o ka hale kaua.

Ke ole-hakakā kūlana, he Keaukaha ua nānā i ka'āina ma ka hamama hoʻomoe. I hakakā aku ana no ka nāʻana mea ekolu lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe ke ano o na consumer waiwai. I ka mana i ka mīkini i ka olelo o ka huneʻike pono ai ma ka po i hoʻolako i ka binocular po hihio TVN-2B. Ua nā he welaʻula Kānana, lolouila hoʻokomo akula a me ka optics. Distance hihiʻo mea e pili ana i 60 mau mika, ai ka huina i emi o 30 degere.

PT-76 pahu: hōʻike o ka engine, a me ka kaʻa

Ma a me ka nui mana pa alima ma lalo noonoo mea he modernized Hawaii amphibian pahu T-34. EYI ua i aie mai i ka kŘkohu. Good māmā a me ka maneuverability ma luna o ka wai maikai, i ka wai jets. Me kēia mau kumu mua amphibious pahu PT-76 hiki ole i kekahi pilikia, e lanakila loko, ulu me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi.

Ua Ua kaulana haʻahaʻa 'ilepili puʻe mau kamaa, ma ka honua, guaranteeing oluolu mīkini kuʻina ikaika ūnelunelu. Amphibious hakakā lilo oi kana olelo hoopomaikai a hiki i ka malama, a hoi, i loaa i ka neaa kŰia absorbers e pāʻani aku me ka kanaka torsion hookolokolo mai paha. Mau aka wahi i hoonui ae iʻano hana smoothness, a māhuahua cruising māmā. Ke lana pahu PT-76 C 60 i hoʻolako pono me NBC hoomalu'ōnaehana a me ka 'akomi ahi extinguishers. Technology ua hoao ia e maikaʻi ma ka puʻe wale akula kēlā marches huahelu o ka mai i 500 kilomika.

ka hoʻololi 'ana

Ma ke kumu o ka noonoo o ka mīkini kuu mai i kekahi mau ka hoʻololi 'ana. I waena o lākou:

1. Ke kumu hoʻohālike me 76 mm o pu D-56TM me ka papalua keʻena ka waha o wawahi iho. Eia hou, ua mea he kicker, maloko Radio, ka po hihio, thermal protivodymovoe noonoo. Ua hoomahuahua ia ka 13 millimeters ke kiekie o ka hale. Makahiki hou - 1957.
2. Modernized pahu PT-76B ua hookuu i ka 1959. Ua Ua lako pono me ka mea kani biplanar D-56TS, ka stabilizing lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe STF-2P, hoʻokomo ea mea hoʻonoho i nā kānana. Ma ka hope mana ua hoʻouka kekahi giropolukompas.
3. I ka makahiki 1967, ka pahu ua hoʻouka kekahi ma lalo o noonoo o ka launa ana PKT mīkini pu, intercom'ōnaehana P-123. Ke kaʻa i ka hana i loko o ka manao mau pūʻali, a me ka Hawaii mau pūʻali.
4. Ma ke kumu o ka PT-76 i hana mai i ka mea nāna nā limahana lawe BTR-50 launchers no Kao lele lako kaua nenoai "Luna", ka divisional nenoaia no ka demining A Hawaiian-67.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Ka mea mua nui koa clash PT-76 i wahi ma March 69 o ka makahiki ma Vietnam. A kime o ka umikumamalua kaa a me ka mea lawe i nā limahana nā moku halihali mokulele i hao i ka waihona ipu American ma Ben Het, e luku mai i ka pu o na pu ki. Head o PT-76 pa a ke ku i ka noʻu, akā, i ka poʻe mea ole mai o ka mea, a hoomau iho la oia i ke ahi. Ka i koe, kaa komo i loko o ka confrontation me ka platoon o "Patton" a me ka paʻa o Anati-mokulele pakiko-propelled machines. Na poho i ae mai i nāʻaoʻaoʻelua, akā, i ole e hoʻomau i ka hoouka ma hope o ka lilo ana o elua pahu poʻina nalu a me kekahi mea e kahiko ai nā limahana lawe.

Ma ke kupulau o ka 65th makahiki, India huli i ka USSR i kōkua i ka i hoomalu aku i ka hiki kaua o Pakistan. amphibians, ka mea mua'ōhui o India loaaʻi 65 la kauwela. Huina aupuni, he mau regiments o kēia mau machines ka huina o ma kahi o 90 kope.

Ma September 1965 PT-76 ma ke 'ano hapa o ka hiku o ka Regiment o ka Mauna mīkini pio Pakistanis hooukaia mai ke kauhale. E like me ka hopena, i ka enemi ua hiki ke kaka aku la, losing kekahi pahu me kona lima. Ma hostilities India lilo e pili ana i poe PT-76, kekahi o i i pio e ke Pakistan Army.

Komo i loko o nā koa kāna hana e lawelawe

Mawaena o na confrontations loa kaulana pili i noonoo o ka mīkini i ka hahai i mākaukau i kāna hana e lawelawe:

• Ke kaua ma waena o Inia, a Pakistan i ka makahiki 1971. Ua lukuia he umikumamaha lā o ke kaua a me ka poino 13 PT-76 poʻina nalu, a ua nalowale Pakistanis lākou kaumaha hana a pau. Ua i kekahi o ka mea nui nā haʻawina i ka lanakila.
• Kaua o ka makahiki 1967 (eono Day) ma waena o koʻAigupita a me kaʻIseraʻela. Na koʻAigupita i loko o ka arsenal i hookolokolo aku la ia 29 kaa. Naʻe, ka mea, i ua hoʻohana no nā hana. E like me ka hopena, elua huahelu luku 7 - kiola. Ke Ana Hoʻohālike Trophy izrailtsy redesigned a hoʻouka kekahi ia Amelika i na mea kaua.
• Ka Yom Kippur War i ka 1973. Ua Ua hele ia e ka PT-76 ma ka aoao oʻAigupita, a ma ka Iseraela.
• Eia hou, i ke kaʻa komo i loko o ka Yugoslav kaua a me ka confrontation ma Chechnya.

I ka pau ana o

Ano, he malamalama amphibious pahu PT-76 a me BTR-50 - he nui a me ka hoʻokali kūpono ' "lana". Ma ka USSR ka mea, ua lawe mai o ka hana i ka makahiki 1967. Aka hoi, decommissioned machines i loaaʻi hiʻona i loko o ka Middle Hikina, a ua 'Imi i hoʻohana. No kona manawa, i kēiaʻano hana hoao ia e loaʻana, nā ma luna o ka'āina, a ma luna o ka wai.

Light amphibious poʻina nalu 'Imi hoʻolilo i ka Warsaw Pact'āina, e like me ka loa e kākoʻo ana-SovietʻApelika Waena a me ka hema-hikina'āina. Trophy Aigupita hi i modernized eʻIseraʻela nā kānakaʻenehana, a me China kuu kona iho Analog ma lalo o ka hōʻailona "Type-63".