Russian kālaiʻike ma mua a hiki i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka XIX kenekulia

Russian kālaiʻike i hānau i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka hikina mai Slavic Christian theological manaʻo. Ua hiki ke maheleia i loko o ka wā mai o ka XI e XVII kenekulia, ma hope i hele mai i ke au o Russian hoʻomāʻikeʻike (XVII-XVIII kenekulia), a me ka hope, i ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, ka loa kaulana, a haawi mai la i ke ao nei he nui koʻikoʻi ma inoa. Māhele ma mua o ke kenekulia koe undeservedly poina, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa,ʻo i i ka noonoo. Naʻe, i kēia wā ka loa hana hoihoi.

'Oiai, mua Russian kālaiʻike i ikaika' ole e Byzantine theology, nae, oia ua hiki i ka hoʻomōhala kona mau mea manaʻo 'ōlelo a me ka mea hiki hopena. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o keia mea i ka luawai-ike "Word ma kānāwai, a me ka lokomaikai" Kauhalenui Illariona, i hana ia XI kenekulia - he ano OT, ec he "malamalama" manaʻo hang ma ka "pouli"; a "Instruction" Vladimir Monomakh o ka XII kenekulia, i mea no ka pono kivila o ka hana o ka laity (maikai na hana, a me ka mihi almsgiving). "Patriarchal despotism" i? Ac?. Ma ka Middle Ages, e like me ka honua ike ke Akua i ka hanaia'na, ka mōʻaukala, a me ka puni ike maopopo ua ike i ka Arena o ka paio lokomaikai a me ka hoopunipuni ana o ka diabolo.

Russian haipule thinkers ia i ka Greek hesychasm mau manaʻo ma "i pane, noʻonoʻo pule." Ka mea, ua laila, no ka hoala mai i ka mua manawa o ka pilikia o ke kanaka i loko o ka Lūkini akeakamai. Aia i kekahi ao ana no ka pono o ke kanaka, hōʻike 'ma ka ecstatic, ma ka Ikepili o kona mau kuko a me ka hewa o "o Mānoa," a me ka "ikaika a" i "ke Akua, uaʻikeʻia ma hanaia'na, no laila, ke kanaka -. Ma ka naau" Ola i loko o Rusia, a unorthodox Karistiano poe akeakamai, aʻo ka mea a pau neʻeʻana, i kapaia "heretical" - Strigolniki, a ua like me ka Western Cathars a me ka Waldenses, a me ka 'ole-o lakou ke, a, ma ka huli, lilo hoa Europa reformist paialewa.

Mai ka manawa o Ivana Groznogo Lūkini kālaiʻike i ma ke ano pili aupuni. Ua hiki ke ike mai i ka palapala o ke alii, a me kona hoa-ʻenemi o Prince Kurbsky. Kona 'elele e hoomaka ana e kamailio e pili ana i ka' ike loea hou o ka noho aliʻi, a me ka akamai o ke Aupuni, i ka pono no ka "opekaniya" kanaka ma ka (malu) State Aha. Kona geopolitical piko mea hiki ma ke ala e hiki aku ana i na palapala o'Abota Philotheus, a pili ia i Rusia, e like me ka Apana Rome, "a me ka hā,ʻaʻole e wale." Nō naʻe, he naita ma kālaiʻike hoapono ana i kona palena autocracy me Ivan Peresvetov a me Ermolay Erazm. Makua'lii, Nikon ho'āʻo e noonoo ai i na i ka mana ka uhane maluna iho o ka naita ma, "ka Roma ano", a me Yuri Krizanic kahea no ka unification o ka Slavs e kū'ē i ka Helene, a me ka Kelemānia hoʻoweliweli.

Lūkini kālaiʻike, o ka papa, i manao ai i ka hopena o ka Western Europa, a me ka hiki leʻaleʻa o ke ano i ka manawa o ka pilikia, no ka mea hoike, e pili ana i ka pilina i ka Greco-Roma kahiko moʻomeheu. Kēia mea typical no ka hopena o ka XVII a me ka XVIII kenekulia, ka wā he mea he pakebona o ka naita ma manaʻo. Mua o nā mea a pau, i loko o ia manawa i ka hanaia, a pomaikai no au o ka Moscow University, i kahi i hoomaka ai e ao ana, e hoʻololi mai Roma a hiki i Russian. Aia i kekahi a pau Wiliau Hōkū o poe akeakamai o ka mālamalama, e like me Feofan Prokopovich, Stefan Jaworski, Shcherbakov, Kozelskiy, Tretyakov, Anichkov, Baturin, ka mea i kona ho'āʻo iho e synthesize oihana mua o ke kahiko a me ka Christian moʻomeheu.

Russian kālaiʻike o ka mālamalama hiki e haʻaheo o ia i ka 'elele me Mikhail Lomonosov. I kekahi kanaka o ka haahaa ka molekumu o, ia i puka 'o ia mai ka St. Petersburg Academy, a lilo iho la ia i ka polymath oiaio, kakau iho la i ka helu ana o na hana, HEN, mai mechanics, ke kālaikūlohea a me ka hoʻouku a pau me ka pili memo o ka "malama ana a me ka ulu ana o ka Lūkini kanaka." He kaʻana nui e holumua ai no kona manawa, nana i ka 'epekema, a me ka loina o ka "ole-ākeʻakeʻa" o theology i loko o ka ke kālaikūlohea o maoli kālaiʻike, o ka mea a me ka umekaumaha,ʻaʻole e kaukaʻi ma o ka Akua makemake, ka "kānāwai o ke ano" a me ka' ole o ka mea ao nei "o corpuscles" (a o ka anticipation o ka'ātoma kumumanaʻo molekuryarnoy 'ole o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa), a no laila, ma luna o. Lomonosov mahalo i nā manaʻo o Giordano Bruno ma ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka lani a me ka hooiaio i ke kānāwai o ka mālama o ka mea a me ka ikehu. I kekahi kanaka o ka halawai manao, alaila, haalele iho kāna poʻe mamo ma ka olelo hooikaika nui: "O ka hoao ana o ka oi ma mua o ke tausani o nā manaʻo, akā, neumeyuschih hoʻohana 'ana o ke kumu, ka hoao ana mea lapuwale."