"Sakhalin-1". Oil a me ke kinoea papahana ma luna o Sakhalin Island

Ke kaupaona i nā me ke koe o hydrocarbons i loko o ke ao nei i nunui, akā, i nā mea a pau o ka aila mahinaʻai i ke kino. Ke kumu nui no ka "downtime" - hoʻokele waiwai inexpedient. He nui no ka aila-i lawe i papa i waihoia ma ka hohonu ka wai, a me (a) ma ke keʻena wahi no ka ulu ana. Ka mea mua nui ma ka Odoptu kula i waho Sakhalin mokupuni i loaa ma ka Soviet kanaka hulihonua i ka makahiki 1977, akā, ma hope o kaʻumi makahiki me ka hoʻololi market kūlana a me ka hooulu ana o ka 'ike loea hou a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o Sakhalinʻeleʻele gula wale ua lilo ia i mea waiwai.

Loaʻaʻia

E like me kekahi hapa o ka "Sakhalin-1" hele mai i ke ana a me ka hana ana o ekolu aila a me ka kinoea mahinaʻai - o Odoptu, Chayvo a me A-D. Ka mea, i aia a hiki i ka hikina ńkau o Sakhalin Island ma ke kai o Okhotsk. Lakou palena papaha recoverable me ke koe i alahula mau (akā,ʻaʻole moolelo) - 2.3 ieeeea? Barela o kaʻaila, 485 ieeeea? Cubic mika o ke kinoea ^3.

Inā mākou e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka huina nona iho o interconnected hana "Sakhalin-1" a me ka "Sakhalin 2", a aia ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua o ka "Sakhalin-3", i ka huina me ke koe o recoverable kinoea māhele aku i 2.4 trillion m + ³ aila - ma 3.2 ieeeea? pahu. He ole ulia nā kānaka moʻolelo i kapaʻia ka mokupuni "ka lua Kuwait".

Eia naʻe,? Iecaianoaaiiie mai kēia mau kula ua huikau ma ke alo o ka pack hau i i eono mika mānoanoa loko o eono i ehiku mahina o ka makahiki, e like me ka pono me ka ikaika kai a me ka hawewe aayoaeuiinoe ma ka makahiki. Ka pono, e lanakila nā pilikia e pili pū ana i ka loa ino ana, a me ka hooponopono i loko o kēia keʻena wahi o ka holoʻokoʻa aila a me ka kinoea aeuiiai ieaia? Hōʻike i nā hanana ano o na pilikia huli i ka papahana.

Mōʻaukala o ka papahana

Loa ma mua o ka hoʻokō 'ana i ka papahana "Sakhalin-1" i kanaka hulihonua, ka mea, ua akaka i ka hydrocarbon waiwai o ka mokupuni i aia mawaho o ka aina ma ka holopapa, akā, i ko lākou me ke koe i ike ole ia. I ka 70 o ka wehewehena o ka buke o ke hoʻokomo kālā o ka poʻe i komo i loko o "Sakhalinmorneftegaz". A lailaʻimi loa i ka lewa hana SODEKO hui i ka eiini? O kokoke Japan, i keia la kiʻekiʻe i waena o nā komo o ka papahana.

I ka makahiki 1977, ka mua ma ka Sakhalin holopapa i ike kinoea kahua Odoptu, he makahiki hope - o ka Chayvo kahua, a ma hope o 10 makahiki - Arkutun Dagi. Penei, Sakhalin Island lilo i ka palena papaha uʻi no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o hydrocarbons. Eia naʻe, no ka nele o ka pono a me ka waiwai kūʻaiʻanoʻenehana Aey? Acaeoey hooki i ka laila luna Aey? Acaeoey.

Ua Hopu

Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XXI kenekulia i ke kulana i loli ma ka māhele 'āina. I ka ulu pono o ka mana nui nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai i loko o ke ao nei - Japanese a me ka Korean, e like me ke ala hou ana i ka waiwai e lilo aku o ka ikaika, e hana i ka papahana "Sakhalin-1" uku aku. Ka hapa nui o ka waiwai kūʻai, a me ka hapanui importantly -ʻanoʻenehana kōkua ana hui "Exxon-Mobil" (EM). Komo 'ana o ka nui' oihana hui, a he 85 makahiki o ka hana i ka aila a me ka kinoea? Acaeoey i loko o ka Arctic aniau, kokua, e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia.

Ma ka manawa, i ka maoli Aʻole o ka papahana - "kaikamahine" o ka hui "EM", "Exxon Neftegas Limited". He ka papa kuhikuhiE hanalima ha awina. Clarita aiiieieoaeuii Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ka helu o ke kaiapili-oicyenoaaiiie LIKE i loko o ka Sakhalin'āina, a me nā kokoke Khabarovsk Teritori, iwaena o lakou - o ka ulu ana o ka kūloko hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao aʻo o ka 'oihana Lūkini nā limahana, ka nohona papa hana, ke aloha, a me ka oi.

eiini? lālā

Keia aila a me ka kinoea pāhana - i laʻana o ka holomua hoʻonohonoho 'alu like' ana i ka luna 'Geophysical, climatic a me Geographic ana. kā lākou mau hana, e? ii i ka papahana hui:

• Mega-hui "Exxon Mobil" (USA): 30% o ka mahele (ma ka pili ana me na nā ho'āpono hoomau komo o 'Amelika poʻe i nīnau).
• SODEKO Clarita (Japan): 30%.
• RGCs "Rosneft" ma ka lāʻauʻahahui "Sakhalinmorneftegas-holopapa" (11.5%) a me "RN-Astra" (8.5%).
• STC "ONGC Videsh Ltd." (India): 20%.

Ke kapikala o ke Sakhalin aila lilo i ke kulanakauhale o Okha.

e hana ana i polokalamu

Ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua "Sakhalin 1" hang nei mastering OPF hoʻokomo kālā hoʻohana kai "poʻo"ʻeli anuu a me ka honua nā mea hoʻonoho "Hawk". I kakahiaka October 2005, heʻumi makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka? Acaeoey, i hua mai la i ka aila mua, mai ka Chayvo kahua. E like me ka hopena o ka pau 'ana i loko o ka hopena o 2006. Ka? Ieoaeunoaa Onshore? Iecaianoaaiiuo hale (OPF), i ka buke o ke? Iecaianoaaiiuo ma Pepeluali 2007 ua like ia 250,000 barela (34,000 tons) o ka aila no ka lā. Ma ka kēia kūlana o ka papahana ka hoʻomaka 'ana e hoʻomōhala kinoea me ke koe ma Chayvo no ka mea hoʻolilo.

A laila, ua hoʻoneʻe "Hawk" a hiki i ka pili kahua Odoptu no houʻeli a? Iecaianoaaiiie o hydrocarbons. Like kinoea, a me kaʻaila e hele mai ana, mai hoʻokomo kālā OPF, i kau ai i ka aila ua kaʻi aku ai i ka maʻi DeKastri hooponopono (nā moku'āina 'Krai, ma ka Tartar pilikia) no hou shipments no ka mea hoʻolilo, a ua lako kinoea mai Sakhalin a hiki i ka wahi lulu kuai.

hoomaka ae la ke aʻe ke kahua a me ka hooulu ana o ke kolu o ke kahua (ka mea nui ma ka 'āpana) A-D a me Chayvo kinoea mea e kumu hoʻomalu e paka hydrocarbons a hiki i 2050. I mea e hoonui aneiai ka hoʻokōʻana a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka hana ana o ke kaʻina hana e ia i loko o ka mooolelo o ka kūlana lima-ma ka hoao ana i loaa iloko o ka pae mua o? Acaeoey.

Rig "Hawk"

? Ac? O kaʻaila a me ka kinoea i loko o kēia wahi mea i hai aku ai i nā pāʻoihana ma nā ho'āʻo posed ma ke ano. Loa climatic rula, ikaika hau mahinaʻai i loko o ke kai wai, pakahi aku la ia i ka 'ā ina' ole o ka aila ninau mai la ia e hoʻohana i ka holomua palapala koho.

Ka haaheo o ka pau pāhana i kaʻeli rig "Hawk", a hiki i ka "manao" o ko i kekahi mau honua mooolelo ma ka lōʻihi a me ka mämä holo o kaʻepekema punawai. 'O kēia kekahi o ka loa ikaika loa lepo-muli nā mea hoʻonoho i loko o ke ao nei. 70-mika pa alima ua papahana no ka ana ma ka hawewe a me ke anu Artic wahi, e leie akuʻoi loa-lōʻihiʻepekema puka mea mua hoʻopapakū a laila horizontally ma lalo o ka seabed me ka huina pahu lōʻihi o ka oi mamua o 11 kilomika.

Iloko o kaʻeli o kēia mau punawai kekahi mau ao mooolelo i hoʻokumu mua ma luna o ka barela lōʻihi - ma ke ala, keia mea ma ka luawai i kānakaʻepekema i ka mooolelo 12,700 mika Z42 (June 2013). Ma ke ano o ke kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā holoʻeli enehana, i mea no ka waiwai o ka hui "ExxonMobil" puka "Sakhalin-1" i hooholoia i ka mooolelo koke.

Me ke kōkua o nā "Hawk" punawaiʻepekema mai kahakai ma lalo o ka honua ma ka huina i ka hanana o ke kai i nā mahinaʻai, ma laila hoemi i ka haawe ana i ka mea kū hoʻokahi no ka pale 'ano o kēia mau wahi. Eia hou kekahi, he kŘpa a olelo hoopomaikai pa alima replaces ka nui nā hale i i koi 'ia e kūkulu ma nā kai kiʻekiʻe i loko o pilikia hau kumu i loko o ka hooilo. E like me ka hopena, nui makauliʻi ma ka pae'ōnaehana a me ka kapikala koina. Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha 'ana i ka hana ma ka Chayvo kahua, "Hawk" modernized a ua neʻe i ke kokoke ulu Odoptu.

"Orlan" anuu

Ma waho aʻeo ka honua mea hoʻonoho "Hawk", kinoea-aila nā mahinaʻai o ka "Sakhalin-1" E ke Kumu kekahi "hoʻokano manu" - ke kai "Orlan" hoʻouku anuu. Ke anuu produces kumu waiwai ma ka hema-komohana wahi o ka Chayvo kula.

50-mika kiʻekiʻe 'ole umekaumaha ua waiho ma ka lalo o ka moana o Okhotsk, kona hohonu ma keia wahi - 14 mau mika. "Orlan" i ka 2005ʻepekema 20 punawai. At 21 minuke borehole kaahele aku la oia "Hawk" me ke kahakai, i ka nui o ka ia i ke kûhoʻe punawai no ka aila a me ka kinoea i loko o kekahi kula. Ka buke o ka aila? Iecaianoaaiiuo , a mahuahua nui na manawa he nui.

Ma ka "Orlan" 9 mahina o ka makahiki puni ma ka hau, i ka hana a ua pili i ka olelo hooholo mua ole ia a hiki i ka aina o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo pilikia. Ma waho aʻeo ia eiiieaena hawewe, a climatic aku ana i wahi pilikia logistical pilikia i Wehewehe i nā hāʻina.

"Berkut" anuu

'O kēia ka Hou Loa paepae, akoakoa mai la ma na shipyards o South Korea, a ana hāʻawi i ka 2014 a hiki i ke kahua A-D. Hiʻona o "Berkut" Ua hiki oi kilakila ma mua o ka "ʻaeto". Ma amo (i mea 2,6 tausani km) ua ole he hookahi hana 'ia. Ke kukulu ke hoʻololi i ka pale aku i ka hau, a he mau-mika 18-mika hawewe ma -44 C.

Onshore? Iecaianoaaiiuo hoomalolo nenoai

Loko mai o nā mahinaʻai OPF a me Odoptu hydrocarbons lako i ka OPF. Eia ke kinoea ka kaawale ana o ka wai a me ka aila, e stabilize ia no ka hou amo no ka mea hoʻolilo ma ke kālā no kaʻaila mea hoʻolilo maʻi a hiki i ke ana DeKastri ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea no wahi lulu nā mea kūʻai mai. Oo hana nona iho kanu papahana no ka aaioee o ka hola 250.000 palela 'aila a me ka aiiieieoaeuii 22,4 mcm ³ o ke kinoea no ka lā.

Ma ka hana o ka Chayvo akamai noi nui-māhele iaoia o ke kūkulu. Plant e like constructor akoakoa mai ka 45 okoa kiʻekiʻe modules. All mea i hōʻike hewa papahana no ana i loko o ka hoʻohalahala aniau o ka loa. Ka hapanui o manao - i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, hiki ke hoole aku i ke ana wela like haʻahaʻa me -40 ° C.

No ka haawi ana i kaumaha modules i ka hana paena ma ka Chayvo Bay kūkulu i nā hana 830-mika alahaka. Manawa a hiki i kēia kūkulu o ka Sakhalin Island mea heʻano o ka moolelo - ke alahaka, ua noʻonoʻo unmatched mau nō, e oi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka nunui: kau akamai nui muliwai o Siberia - ka Ob, a Irtysh. Ke kukulu Ua hoi pono no herders - ke ala e hiki ai i ke taiga i hoomoanaʻi hoole mai me ka nui loa.

mea hoʻoliloʻia

Ka a pau eiiieaena o "Sakhalin-1, 2, 3" Ua kukulu ia me ka maka ma luna o nā kumu waiwai i waiwai hoʻolilo. Me ka "hohonu" sideways Japanese hoʻokele waiwai, aole emi mana ma South Korea, he hewa ole, e hoʻohana i ka mea eʻoi aʻe Geographic wahi waiwai hydrocarbon hoʻokomo kālā. Eia hou, i ka papahana mau hiʻohiʻona nō nui loa o ka maka mea (ʻano nui kinoea) kaʻi aku i ka 'nā moku'āina' '(Hawaiian Rusia). Ke kumu nui nā kānaka hoʻokomo o Okhotskʻaila i Japan a me South Korea.

mea hoʻolilo o ka 'ike loea hou, ua like penei:

1. Kinoea, a me ka aila, mai pūnāwai hānai a hiki i ka mea kanu o ka BCP.
2. A laila, mai onshore o navigating ma Tatar pilikia laina hanai i koe i loko o ke ana DeKastri ma pela e iai? Oaiaaiiua Hou Loa mea hoʻolilo maʻi.
3. Kinoea no ka hapanui loa e hele ai i ka Lūkini nā mea kūʻai mai, a ua hūnāʻia kaʻaila i loko o nui poʻina nalu, kahi i hoʻouna ma ka moku Via tanker i kākou pae.

DeKastri

? Ac? O kaʻaila hoʻokomo kālā i loko o nā kūlana o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina koi e ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia unhindered halihali o ka maka mea. Hoʻohui i ka maʻi, ka mea i hoʻoholo ole i Sakhalin a me ka pelapela a - i loko o ke awa o De-Kastri. Black gula 'aneʻi hele mai ma kaʻohe, a laila, - kaʻaila tankers. I ka maʻi i kūkulu "mai ka kūikawā", a me ka mea hou loea.

Mahalo i ka maʻi i ka kūloko heluna loaa hou kiʻekiʻe-uku hana, he kauoha no ka 'āina' amo a me ka lawelawe poe, hou kaiapili-ka nohona, ke kaiāulu ana aeuiiai ieaia?.

No ka makahiki-a halihali koi 'ia ke hoʻololi i a me ka hana ana i nā tankersʻoʻoleʻa hau kumu o ka papa "Afromaks", a me na icebreakers hele pū ana. No ka 5 makahiki o ka hana ana i ka maʻi me ka hookahi hana 'hoʻouna ma ka moku 460 tankers. Total i hooholoia ma ka maʻi ma 45 miliona tona.

Kuleana a me ka maluhia hana

Limahana a me nā kānaka kūkulu "Sakhalin-1" pāhana hana 68 miliona hola me ka maikaʻi ka maluhia a me nā palapū, i mamao loa mamua o ka hana awelike. Hoʻokō 'ana i hoʻokonukonu koi ua lako pono ia e kānana hooponopono a me ka hooponopono ana o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo hana.

? Aneie ana i ka integral hapa o ke kūkulu a me ka hana ana o ka papahana, a loaʻa i ka helu o kūikawā papahana no ka maluhia o ka wildlife, a me ka hoomalu ana i komohana oho'ō koholā, Steller ka moana aeto, a me ka poʻe e noho ana.

ʻeleu kuka me ka lāhui 'ōiwi heluna o Sakhalin ENL kōkua kuhikuhi i ka loa koiʻana iā kūloko pilikia. Ma kekahi, ua 'ae' o ka aila ma ka i nā herders hoʻohana kona kukulu uapo ma ka Chayvo Bay no ka makahiki haul o reindeer bipi.

Kaʻahumanu a aʻo o Lūkini limahana

Ma ka loiloi mua kahua o ka? Acaeoey no Lūkini poe kanaka 13 000 hana i hanaiaʻi o laua. Ke komo pū i nā koʻokoʻo hana hou manawa a me ka poʻea pau i ka nui a me ka 'āina' papa hana. I ka Ia manawa, ENL Ua pili ka loa laekahi pae'ōnaehana hae a me kūmau o ka maluhia, e like me enehana e kukulu,ʻeli,? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka waiho ana mai o pipelines.

E hana ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie ioauoa o Laielohelohe oi ma mua o ka haneri Lūkini nā kānakaʻenehana a me technicians. Kēlā me kēia o ka paʻaua technicians kekahi, he lōʻihi-makahiki aʻo papa. Kekahi o ia i hoʻounaʻia no aʻo i na mea o ka poe "Exxon Mobil" i loko o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Canada.

Help moku

Ke oaoieei-aʻo papahana mai ana a me nā kānaka kūkulu komo hou, a nui nā kupa o Sakhalin. E hana ana i loko o ka huipūʻana me ka 'oihana no ka International Development (USA), ka haku hana ka poʻea pau a hiki i ka makahiki paha o welders ma ka hoʻolālā o ka hana kūikawā aʻo papa, a ua hoakaka anakahi iki loan no ka hooholo ia ana o pāʻoihana aʻo a me ka ulu ana o ka Sakhalin liilii, a me ka meakino-pepa paia pāʻoihana. Ke eiini? Ua i oi aku o ka miliona na dala ma ka waihona kālā hoaie ma i elima haneri jobs in hana a kākoʻo oi ma mua o 180 pāʻoihana.

Mau mahuahua ke kaʻana like 'ana o nā Lūkini poʻe like mai ana a me nā kānaka kūkulu. Ke kāki o ka aelike me ka lulu popilikia ua kūpaʻa mau loa $ 4 ieeeea?, A ma kahi o elua-hapakolu o ka huina o na lilo o ka papahana aelike.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka hoʻolako 'moku'āina i loaʻa ai ma ka aoao o royalties, ka papahana ka poʻea pau i ke kūpono' ana o kūloko aeuiiai ieaia? - alanui i kūkulu, na alahaka, kūkuluʻia o ka awa a me airports, a me ka kulanakauhale 'inikua hui. Other kākoʻo papahana nā lokomaikai aku donations i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, ola malama a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka kūlokoʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana nona iho.