UralZIS- 355M: hoakaka. Kona kalaka. Ural ulia kaʻa Plant kapaʻia ma hope o Stalin

Moʻolelo wahi lulu enehana manaoio ia i ka lā i ka wa a ka mea hoʻoili Miass ulia kaʻa hele hope UralZIS- 355M, i pau ai ke au o ka trehtonki ZIS-5. He "Zakhar Ivanovich," e like me ia i i inoa kapakapa e na kanaka. A ma ke kaua, ua lilo i ka moolelo. No ke aha la? Ka mea i ka 355M i ka hope hooponopono hou ana o ka mea kaulana "Zahara". Akā, me ka mīkini, ma ke ala, ua lilo ia i loaʻana, a oo kuokoa? Acaeoey, i unfairly pahu a hiki i ka hope o ka Soviet kaʻa mōʻaukala.

prehistory

I ka Akuma ka 1941 i ka Moscow pale hana, i waena o ka mea a ua o Stalin hola (ZIS), i evacuated i ka hikina o ka aina a hiki i ke kūlanakauhale: Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk, Miass. November 30 ka ia makahiki, i i ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o ka hōʻeleu muli Miass hola №316 ma ka State Pale Kaua Komite (GKO), hana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o hopeʻia, hoohuli, a hoʻohana i ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo iauaeoia o ke kapikala o nā hale a me nā hale, e hoonohonoho i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kiko'ī no nā kaʻa a me nā kapa kila? Aiiia.

I 'Apelila 1942, i ka hana i ua lawe mai - kanu hoʻolimalima i. A makahiki ma hope, no ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o T-bila aie, i ke kanu hou-kali hou' - ma ka puali ololi-aa aku la hua ia i kona kalaka. No kēiaʻaha kanaka mea kanu, mai Ulyanovsk kahi i ohi ia trehtonki ZIS-5B i hoolilo i Miass. Mai ia minute ma, me ka mana a pau o ka hou kaʻa holaʻeleu ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ia i kona kalaka.

Ural "Zahar"

July 8, makahiki 1944 i ka hola puka mai la ka mua Ural "Zahara", akā, ma lalo o kona inoa iho - UralZIS- 5B.

Miass trehtonki peculiarity ua i loko o e like me ka Moscow ho o ke kalaka hiki pono a me ka ho'ēmi i ka palena. E hana i kēia, ua hehi hoʻi eheu me ua hoʻokōʻia kinona wehe 'ia mai ka' ole ma ka ana ma ka wahi o welded T-hoʻokino. Loko kāpena unuhi clapboard. Metal holo papa a me ka huila Park i UAIAaIN ma ka laau, hao mud puapua - ma plywood, elua kukui haʻalele wale i ka hema (O Keaukaha ka). Paio hahana maoli nō'ōnaehana kāpena a me ka puka puka makani i kēia manawa,ʻaʻole hoʻouka kekahi. Wawahi'ōnaehana hana wale ma luna o ka hope paepae komo huila.

Ia ana ae kēlā me kēia mīkini e hoola 124 kg o ka pahu metala ia kaua i mea nui. Eia hou, ke kokua o ka mīkini, pu me ka 77-horsepower engine ZIS-5M, hoʻomāhuahuaʻoe i konaʻano ma ka 35%, e like me ka Ural kona kalaka i ka hoʻokele waiwai i 10-16% hoʻohālikelike me ka Moscow ZiSami.

Ole mai ai i ka lā

Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana Plant kapaʻia ma hope o Stalin, mai ke piʻoloke a hiki i ko lakou hale, i ke kūlanakauhale 'Oihana e hou hoʻomōhala "Zakhar Ivanovich," hele aku la i loko o nāʻano likeʻole: ma Moscow ZIS-5 ia iho mua i loko o ka ZIS-150, alaila, i ka ZIS-164, a ma ka ZIS-164A (waena kükohu ) i loko o ka ZIS-130. ʻo ia hoʻi, ka holomua ua ma lalo o ke ala. Ma Miass mākou e nō ohi archaic ZIS-5B.

Ua makemake e kaulikeʻole i ka olelo i UralZIS- i ho'āʻo i ka hoʻoikaika ' "Zahara". I ka makahiki 1947, hoomaka ae la ka Urals ulu UralZIS- 353 - hōʻano hou trehtonki. Ke hana hoʻomau a hiki i 1951, akā, he ua he insoluble pilikia: ho'āʻo ana e kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o ka mea kahiko-puʻu waiū, angular kaba, ua hele mai i akamai i ka koho i ku pono like i ka ZIS-150, nae, e hana i ka hopena he no kona pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o nei olelo ua loa paʻakikī. E like me ka hopena, hana ma ka papahana i ku ana.

? aiaiiuie ana

Mai i ka mea hou mīkini i hana i ke hoʻokō 'ia, a me ka ZIS-5 ma luna o nā mea a pau helu mea OOAOAaXUEIE, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoʻomaka? Iecaianoaaiiuo ma ka pokole kumu, he kalaka ia UralZIS- 5M.

Externally, ia kokoke aole e oko mai o ka "Zahara", no ka mea, i ke kaʻa ua nō i hoʻokumu i ka wa kahiko-mika kāpena, wale na eheu i kēia manawa ua hoʻokōʻia, Hoʻoponopono kinona, like me ka kekahi i ua ma luna o ka mālama '-kaua hi. Akā, i loko o ka kalaka Ua hoʻololi au i ka hailona.

New "hoʻokomo akula" no ka wa kahiko kona kalaka

Mua o nā mea a pau, ke Hoʻololi ' "Zahar" mai ka moʻolelo engine, a i ua hou: crank a me ka paukūʻolokaʻa poo, hoʻouka kekahi Aluminum Pistons, a me ka hou carburetor. Collectively, keia i ka mea i hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mīkini'opihia hiʻohiʻona ma (ka mua, ua 4.6), hoala ia ia 5,7 no a hiki i keia, a mahuahua nui ka mana o ka engine (mai ka 76 a hiki i 85 noho ho'āo ai. C.) A he 7% ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka wahie hokii ana. Ka luna ka mämä holo o ka mīkini mahuahua ma ka 10 km / h, a me ka manawa ua 70 km / h.

Nō hoʻi ma o ka kona kalaka manao hoʻokō pele aila me ka hoomaemae, engine aeie iaia? Aaaoaeuiuo, hoomaopopo ana i ka hana ka mua engine hoʻomaka-i, i ka wā anu ma lalo 20 degere; hou kōmike hoʻokele kapa; wahie pahu 110 nā lika; ma 12 uilaʻikena; a me ka helu o nā liʻiliʻi hou. Ma ke ala, ka hapanui o na HOU, ua lawe ia me ka hoao ana i ka "353rd".

Kamaʻilio "353rd"

I ka makahiki 1956ʻo ia i kekahi manawa, e hana me UralZIS- 353, e neʻe mai ai, ma hope, mai kekahi wahi make. I keia manawa, no ka Gorky ulia kaʻa Plant i hana ana ma luna o ka GAZ-62. Initially, akamai? Oaony no keia kalaka hoʻi i nā pāpaleʻia. No laila, ke kāpena ia iho ua he iki redesigned hoʻokolohua o ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka GAZ-51. Akā, koke haalele. Gorky Hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻohana i ka cockpit, i makemake e waiho ma ka engine. Eia naʻe, no ka mea mua, hoomalau mana, ua makaukau A hehi ihola au, a me kēia manawa,ʻaʻole ka mea, e noho ana i loko o koi.

AA Lipgart - kumu Bauman University, mamua o ka luna akamai o ke kinoea, a me ka lunaʻenehana ma ka hola i loko o Miass, maopopo nö iä ia no ka pilikia o na Urals. Ua i ka mea nana i ao aku i ka hoʻokali kūpono 'ano ma GAZ hehi ihola au iā lawe nā hoapili ma UralZIS-, a i hanaia.

Car UralZIS- 355M

Me ka 'āpana o ka hou kaba UralZIS- 353 a loaa kekahi helu omaka - "355M". Oiai keia kaʻa i manaoia ka hana hou ana i ka elemakule "Zakhar Ivanovich," ma ka mea o ka mea ua kokoke he hou kona kalaka kŘkohu. Wheelbase noho kokoke ua hoʻololiʻia, a laila ka mea like me ia o ZIS-5 (3842 mm), akā, i ke kumu o Ana UralZIS- hoʻololi 355M,ʻAmelika, ma muli o ka hooloihiia i 470 mm o anuu kino. No keia loli mea ku pono ana i ka mahuahua haawe-e hali ana nona iho o ka mīkini (i ka 3-5 tons), a me ke kino iho, a me kona ka piʻiʻana i ke kaʻa i ua hooikaika no keia hana, e hoʻohana i ka paa hana, e like me hou stringent mika pāhoʻonui lua. Ma ke ala, apparently UralZIS- 355M, ke kāpena i mea he iki hoololiia hoʻokolohua o ka GAZ-51, pu me ka hou kino ua like ia me ka ulu i loko o nui, "LAWN."

Modernization o Hawaii "355 la"

I hōʻano hou engine o ke kalaka i ua he nui hou: ua hoʻohana 'ia i ka poʻe akamai i loko o ka wai paukūʻolokaʻa poo me ka mahuahua e hooholo ia i ka weheʻana, a me ka crankcase hoʻokomo ea. Eia hou kekahi, he Hoʻololi 'pahupaʻikiʻi holoʻokoʻa o ka pahupaʻikiʻi, hou lubrication nenoaiu, a hookomo i loko o ka paukūʻolokaʻa hihia Anati-ka popopo liner. Ua kau ma luna o ka crankshaft hope aila sila hookaawale ia kulu o ka aila mai ka crankcase ma ka hanau ana i ZIS-5 i ka hoʻomaopop 'ana iʻole. Icai? Mea kalaima makou a holo maomeka me ka nui loa hoemi halulu i engine hana. I mau, Kiʻi hou powertrain UralZIS- 355M hoemiia kona kaumaha ma 30 kg.

Nā loli i ai i ka manao o ke kalaka

Ke EYI Ua ua me ka nui loa hou hoʻokomo akula pahu packings, hoʻohuiʻana paha i hoʻokoe iho i pakalōlō i hoʻohana, ma i hou-ana kolu kapa, me ka pinepine o ka hihia i loko o ka "Zohara". Eia kekahi, o ka CPT nui kaʻoi loa e pili ana i ka mahalo i ka engine crankshaft.

'Aʻole i hookoe i ka huli ana a me ka? Ieoaeunoai o na alahaka UralZIS- 355M. Mua ia i ka ikaika pivot mokuna, e like me ke hoʻohana 'ia i ke ikona oil. Aie i ka mea i ka mea hou kona kalaka i ua mahuahua mua huila Track, i lilo hou kea paepae komo huila mea ulana lole. Ma ka hope o paepae komo huila, o ke alakai constructors i ka waiwai reducer, a me ka naʻau ma lalo o kaʻaoʻao kona kapa, a hoʻololi i ka hoʻopololei palena pau na kiaha.

Ka mua wehe ua i loko o ke kino o ka elongated lau wai me ka hawewe absorber, a i mea nani pahee. Hope, ma ka mea ku ole, ua lilo ka paʻakikī i ka manawa i mahuahua kea-pauku a lahilahi podressornikov nui like 'ole.

E hoʻoikaika i ka maneuverability o ke kaa, ka mea e kuhikuhi i ke kōmike hoʻokeleʻano papa hana me ka Nohie kinematics a me ke kapa lākiō o 20,5: 1 (V ZIS-5, ka mea, ua 15,9: 1).

Eia hou kekahi, UralZIS- 355M hoʻohana laekahi hookahi-uea 12-volt'ōnaehana, hoonoho Front a me ka wāwae-hehi wāwae E kuapo pihi kukui (mamao-kokoke), ka mika eiioeieeae me ka ao ao o nā hoailona. No ka po serviceability ma lalo o ka hewa hoʻouka kekahi kukui. Eia hou, i ka mea panel i ua hōʻano hou 'ia, a me ka ua i ka kāpena palena kau iho.

A maikaʻi patency kona kalaka hoʻolako loaʻae, a ua like komo-OAAIeOO pana pua (44 degere - ka mua, 27,5 - kūkulu), a me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana traction ano o ka engine.

UralZIS- 355M: iiaie oaoieei hoakaka

Ka mea, ua like penei:

• Huila haʻilula - 4x2.
• Ana - 6290 mm o m 2280 mm o m 2095 mm o.
• Honuaʻae - 26,2 mm o.
• Wheelbase: hope - 1675 mm o, Front - 1611 mm o.
• Ke kahahńnai o ka kuapo (mawaho) - 8,3 mika.
• Loa ke kaupaona - 7050 kg.
• Lawelawe alaplpa ke kaupaona - 3400 kg.
• Payload UralZIS- 355M - 3500 kg.
• Pake mana - 95 L / s.
• Wahie pahu nona iho - 110 nā lika.
• Hokii o ke kakolina - 24 nā lika / 100 ei.
• I kā mākou māmā - 75 km / h.

Serial? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka hou kaʻa

I loko nō o ka mea i UralZIS- 355M i kona loihi ana ho'āʻo e hoʻokomo i loko o-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, ka mea i mua? Aaony wale hoʻokahi makahiki (1959) e hookuu aku, a laila wale nō ka mea, e hoapono ia ia a pau mua ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o ia na koina. Naʻe, ke kükohu i i haʻalele i kaʻaha laina no ehiku makahiki, kuhikuhi ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe Customer loiloi.

Eia hou, i ka manao o ke kaʻa ma ke kamepiula hou kekahi hou: i 1959 - ka crossbar cardan ka hāʻuleʻana lole i auou caiaiai me ke kui kele ma kona hānauʻana, 1960 - i loko o ka mua wehe kahi o ka OOAOAaXUEIE une lōhai hawewe absorbers i hookupaa maikaʻi - telescopic, 1961 - crankcase hoʻokomo ea Ua lilo paʻa.

I loko nō lehulehu incidental hou i, ke ano o ka mīkini koe i ka ia, ke ole e hoʻololi i ka palapala nalowale ailona "ZIS", a me ka manawa nana e like ia - "UralAZ". 'Oiai i waena o kona kalaka O Keaukaha koe "Zahar," ai ole ia i kapaia "Urals".

Ka hoʻololi 'ana "Urals"

Ka hola hua mai la i ka moʻolelo, naʻe ka mea, he oiaio, e olelo aku, he hou "Zahara", i loko o nā wale nō: UralZIS- 355M - papa, a me ka lua o ka - pono ke kaʻa, a ua loa pinepine hoʻohana 'ia ma lalo o ka pahu.

No ka mea, "Uralets" Makuakane me ka flatbed kalaka nui-kūhelu nuipa a hiki e elima tons, a me maoli makahiki, a i ka eiwa, a laila, i kēia kaʻa ua pinepine hoʻohana like me ka semitrailer kaʻa kauō.

Nō hoʻi i loko o koi i kekahi UralZIS- 355M - laau, trailer - noho male 'ana. Ma waho aʻeo ia a pau o ka luna, ke kaʻa 'Zahara' Ua hoʻohana like me ka hooinu ai machines, vans, assenizatorskaya poʻina nalu, mea'opihia AYN. I ka 1958 na Urals hookuu a pau-huila a holo kēia o ke kalaka, nae, o ka aoao hana ua nui loa ka poe liilii, a me ka hapanui i loko o ka Tipper mana.

I ka makahiki 1960 ma aneea oneiaey i ke kumu o ka ohi UralZIS- 355M kaʻa'ōhua me 40 nohoalii, a me ke kaa-type. Ma pōkole, he kaʻa mai miasstsev huli mai e e loa holomua, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i loaʻa i wale he hooponopono hou ana o ka wa kahiko trehtonki ZIS-5.

I kahi e makemake

355 makahiki pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka mua coincided me ka hooulu ana o ka aina puupaa a me kaʻai, no laila ka hapanui hoouna mai i ke kaʻa ma Siberia, ka Aole loa Hikina, e like me ia ma aneea oneiaey. I ka Central a komohana hapa o ka USSR i ke kaʻa i hāʻawiʻia i loko o ka poe liilii, mea. I ka 1962, ua hoouna aku la i ka aoao o ia i kona kalaka i loko o ka mea hoʻolilo kēia i Afghanistan a me Finland.

Huina ulia kaʻa mea kanu hua 192 tausani o kēia mau machines. Ma nā ana hoʻohālike o ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo oʻuʻuku a pau, aka, ua hoʻokumu ka kaʻa ia iho e like me ka haʻahaʻa hoomau, hoomaikai ike loea a me ka waiwai nui mīkini, a me ka mea nui, e like me ka hae, ka lawe 'auhau. I loko nō o ka hoakaka ana ma ka TTX 3.5 tons, pela me ka hoʻi i hoka ai, oia ua lawe, a me elima na tona o ka waiwai. O Keaukaha aloha ia ia, a me nā hana hou, no ka mea, ma ia manawa i uuku kona kalaka ke kaena i ka alo ana o ke kaba iaia? Aaaoaeuiuo. Ae, a ana i ohi ia ka wehe a me ka engine me ka maikai traction ae i ka Keaukaha e haha loa ai ikaika, a hiki ma ka loa ino alanui.

I mau, UralZIS- 355M, aole nae i lilo i ke kaʻao o ka Soviet ulia kaʻa hana, nae, i ke kūlana o ka nanea o ka maopopo, pono a me ka naau kupono i hiki pono hoʻomākauaka. 'Aʻole no ka mea, no ka mea, ua hoouna aku i kēia mīkini e hana i loko o ka loa paʻakikī ma a pau o ka aina o ka wahi.

Ka hope kaʻa aku i ke anaina kanaka laina o ka hana 16 October, 1965. Ma kēia lā, i ke au o ka "Zakhar Ivanovich" i pau ai.

Up i ka manawa i oi ole emi maikai ana e noho wale ma kahi o iwakalua kaa, a laila, ka hapanui o ia mau mea ma lalo o kona mana iho e hoʻoneʻe mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ka moku'āina, a me ka hana hou ia mea,ʻaʻole e hiki. A pau no ka hiki ole ke loaʻa i nā māhele ma ka engine. O ka holo ana, i kekahi mau paahana nō e hoʻokele e hoʻouka ma lalo o ka hewa o ka engine ZIL akā, ua originality a me ka waiwai o ke kaʻa i nalowale.