ʻike hoʻokumu a me ke Kawaihae o Shillera Fridriha

A ike Classic o ka honua moʻokalaleo o Friedrich Schiller. Kawaihae a me na hana hoike aku i kona wahine paha, he kipi, he kanaka ka mea e noonoo ia iho i loko o ke au mai o ke ao ponoʻole feudal waiwai. Kona ola mama holoʻokoʻa i hele maiʻo ia no kaʻohana aliʻi, a mākou i hōʻike ma lalo nei. Ke ola ana o ka haku mele a me ka playwright iho kohu he moʻolelo keaka wale hana keaka, kahi tālena, ua 'īnea nei e ku e hoʻokae' ole, a me ka ilihune Amelika Huipû.

ua koho o ka poʻeʻEulopa i ka mele o ke Europa Union kona "Ode i Peace." E kau i ka mele Lyudvigom van Beethoven, ia hoailona hōʻuluʻulu, sublime.

Ke ano akamai o keia kanaka i waho multifaceted haku mele, playwright, no theorist, he kinai i ka pono kīvila.

hanau unfree

A lohe o Shiller Fridrih i hānau i loko o Hawaii, ka mea, ua nō topical serfdom.

Na kanaka o ka feudal haku hiki ole e iho ma kela aoao o ka waiwai o kona suzerain. A ina ua hana, alaila, i ka poʻe hoʻi ma ka poe ikaika no lakou. Kupa hiki aole hoi hoʻololi i konaʻoihana a hiki i ka mea ana i i "apo la" feudal paha e mare me ka ae ana o kona haku. Ma keia nightmarish loio kūlana haʻahaʻa, kohu ka hao nā hīnaʻi manu, noho Friedrich Schiller.

He Ua lilo i ka Classic, e aho,ʻaʻole ma ka Contemporary German hui, akā, ma muli naʻe o. Frederick, figuratively olelo ana, e hoʻokele e komo i ka luakini o ke akamai ma ka puka paa hou mai la ia ia ma ka moku'āina me na koena o ka Middle Ages.

Wale i ka 1807 (make Schiller i ka 1805), Prussia hoopau serfdom.

makua

Schiller Kawaihae hoʻomaka ma ka Duchy o Württemberg (Marbach wau Neckar), kahi āna i hānauʻia ma luna o 11.10.1759, ma ka ohana o ka luna, me ka mau 'inikua hope Ioganna Kaspara Schiller. Mom wā e hiki mai haku mele i mai i kaʻohana o nā pharmacists a me innkeepers. Kona inoa ua Elizabeth Dorothea Kodvays. Ma ka hale o kona makua 'i ka lewa o ka maemae, maemae a me ka akamai ilihune.

Ka makua kāne a me ka makuwahine o Johann Kristofa Fridriha av Schiller (keia mea i ka inoa piha o na Classics) he nui loa haipule, a ma ka manao hookahi, he mau keiki. Pope o ka haku mele, he kanaka maoli o kua'āina waina-e 'ohana, ua laki e kiʻi i ka' inikua hoʻonaʻauao. He lilo iho la i luna me kona haku, he akamai, akā,ʻaʻole noa. He hoʻololi i kona wahi i noho ai, oihana, ka hahai ana i ka makemake o kona haku.

ho okumu

I kaʻElima ona mau makahiki i ke keiki, hoʻoneʻe i ka ohana a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o ka ia kalana Lorch. Makua hōʻea maila nō breech kūlana luna hoʻolale pūʻali mau. makahiki Ekolu o ka loiloi mua ekalesia-kilokilo hoʻonaʻauao Friedrich Lorch hoʻoili kahu hipa, he kanaka maikai, ka mea i hiki ke hoihoi i ke keiki i loko o Roma, Kelemānia, a me ka catechism.

A hiki aku i ka ehiku-Schiller me kona 'ohana neʻe i Ludwigsburg, oia ua hiki i ka noiʻi i loko o ka Lakina kula. Ma 23, Ua aoia o ke kanaka opiopio e hooiaio ai (i ka pono, e hoʻokokoke i ka ahaaina). Ma mua, ua makemake e lilo i kahuna, ka hahai ana i ka charism o ko lākou mau caregivers.

Feudal despot

Kawaihae o Schiller ma kona wa opiopio ua lilo i ka moʻo o ka ehaeha no ka mea, o ka mea e hemahema e he makualiʻi, o Wurttemberg. He kauoha i kona serf e noiʻi i kānāwai ma ka oihana kula kēia o ka loio iʻoihana kahuna. Schiller hiki ole ola houʻo ka ola,ʻo ia AOON i nā haʻawina. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, i ke kanaka'ōpiopio i ka hope o ka papa inoa i loko o ka hoa pae o 18 kanaka.

I ka 1776, ua hui ke kumu o ka lapaau, oia lilo hoihoi i loko o këiaʻaneʻi. Akā, ma ka ao lapaau o Laielohelohe i kona nīnūnē kanaka - kālaiʻike, moʻokalaleo. I ka 1777, he paa Magazine "German Chronicle" paʻi i ka hana mua o ka uʻi Schiller ka ode "ka naʻi aupuni", kākau i loko o Mohai o ke aloha haku mele Friedrich Klopstock.

Kawaihae o Schiller, penei, mai ka mea ma luna,ʻaʻole "majeure" moʻolelo. Man, ua ole Ua hoʻokō me na koi e lilo i kekahi loio, lalau aku la ia i kekahi mau hookae ana i ka Duke-Wiliama. I kona makemake 29-makahiki-kahiko puka o ka Academy ua wale kekahi kulana o ka mau kauka, me ka luna o ka hoouka i ke kaua. Despot mea i ka mea, ua hiki ia dislocate i ke ola ana o ke ka makaia o kanaka opiopio, akā, i manao ai, ua Friedrich Schiller i ka mana o kona tālena.

Tālena wahi ia

32-makahiki-kahiko playwright kakau iho la oia i ka hana keaka "ka poe powa". No paʻi ma Stuttgart 'aʻole e hana aku i ka hoolaha ia i kekahi hana nui o ke kauwā, makau kue a me ke Duke a pau-mana o Württemberg. Hōʻike 'ia perseverance, e hai ana ia ia iho i ka lehulehu, ka mea publishes ia Friedrich Schiller. Kona Kawaihae like me ka playwright hoʻomaka me keia hana.

Saucy kupa, ka mea paʻi i ka hana keaka "ka poe powa" ma kona mau lilo, ua i ka uwa maila. A me ka Hopena hoouna aku la ia ia i ka makana. Kanaka Kūʻai Aku Puke hoa hahao iā ia i loko o nano me ka akamai o ke akamai ma Baron av Dalberg, ke kālai'āina Mayngemskim hale kiaka. Hana keaka ma hope o nīnūnē hou lilo i ka Kahiāuli Ho'ā o ka mea e hiki mai ana keaka kau ma Prussia!

Ka mea kākau uhi i ka ikaika,ʻo ia revels ma tālena. Ma ka ia wā, Schiller paʻi i kona mua ohi o poem, "Anthology o 1782". He manao achievable kekahi kiekie! He hoʻokūkū ana no ka Poʻokela Honua i nâ ka Swabian poetic kula me Gothaldom Shteydlinom mua, kuu i kona "Collection o ke mele." E haawi aku i ke kiʻi o nä Temepela i kona ohi, o ka haku mele i ka 'o ka wahi o ka paʻi, Tobolsk.

Hoomaau ana, a pakele

Schiller Kawaihae i loko o kēia wā ua hoailono aku la ma kaʻauheʻe o banal County Palatinate. Kēia risky neʻe aku la ia manao ia 22.09.1782, pu me kona hoa Streicher, pianist a me ka haku mele. Duke o Württemberg ua kupaa ma ka hooikaika ana e hoʻololi i ka wā e hiki mai Classic i loko o ka waihona waiwai campaigner.

Schiller hookomo i elua pule ma ke kialua no ua haʻalele i ka regiment no ka kipa i ka moʻolelo keaka wale? Iecaianoaaiiie o "ka poe powa". I ka Ia manawa i papa mai ai ia ia, e kākau.

Friends,ʻaʻole me ka kumu e makaʻu i ka hoopunipuni ma ka Archduke. Schiller hoʻololi i ka inoa ana i Schmidt. No laila lākou i noho ai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Mannheim, a ma o ka Hawaii "Hunter ka iwilei" suburban kauhale Oggersgeym.

Schiller manaʻo e hana i ka hou i kākau hula "kipi o Fiesco ma Genoa." Naʻe, i ka uku ikea poino. I kaʻilihune, ka mea i haʻakoi e noi no ka kōkua mai Henriette av Valtsogen. Ua generously ae i ka playwright e noho ma kona hakahaka waiwai.

E noho nei ma lalo o ka ea inoa

Mai 1782 a hiki i 1783 i ka waiwai i peʻe ma lalo o ka fictitious mea näna i kökua inoa Dr. Ritter Friedrich Schiller. Kona Kawaihae i loko o kēia wā - he hōʻike no ke ola o ka hookuke aku, kohoia ka pilikia, e e hiki, e hoʻomōhala i ko lakou talena. He aʻo mōʻaukala, a palapala iho la i ka hula "Luisa Miller" a me "kipi o Fiesco ma Genoa." E malama hou aku i kona hoa, Andreya Shtreyhera, ka mea i lawe 'ana i weliweli hooikaika i Mannheim keaka kau wela, Baron av Dalberg, unuhi ae la ia i nānā i ka hana ana i na mea e ae. Schiller mai nei ka palapala a hiki i ka barona o kona hou ka hana keaka, a me ka mea like, e hoopakele mai ia lakou ma ka hale!

I loko o kēia wā (1983) ua kipa i ka waiwai Henriette av Valtsogen me kona mau kaikamahine kaikamahine Charlotte. haule Schiller ma ke aloha a me ke kaikamahine, a noi i kona makuahine i 'ae' ia e mare me ia akā, ua hoole mai, no ko lakou nele. He hoʻoneʻe iā Mannheim, e hoomakaukau mai i na hana a hiki i ka hoʻomanaʻo.

Loaa ia ke ku okoa ana. Ka loaa ana olelo kulana

Inā e pāʻani ai "kipi o Fiesco ma Genoa" ma ke kahua o ka hale kiaka o Mannheim holo me ka maʻamau hoike, ka "Luisa Miller" (Kapa hou i ke "me ka hana malu a me Love") lawe mai i ka nui LIKE. I ka 1784 Schiller komo i loko o ka kūloko German ke kaiāulu e loaaʻi i ka akau, e legalize lākou kūlana, e lilo ana Palatinate kanaka, a me ka hope e kahaki ii kekahi laina ma lalo o ka hoomaau ana o ka Archduke.

Kona e kau ana kona mau manao ma ka hooulu ana o Kelemānia keaka, ua mahaloia me ka playwright kaulana. He olelo i kana hana "Kino - he pono hale," Ua lilo i Classic.

Soon Schiller hoʻomaka he pōkole hoʻokolokolo me ka mare wahine Charlotte av Kalb. Mea kākau, i hāliu mai i ka mysticism, alakai aku i ka bohemian Aloha Hawaii. Young haku mele keia lede i ike ai me kona mau aʻe trophy i ka moʻo o ka lanakila wahine ka.

Ua hoʻolauna Schiller ma Darmstadt me ka Archduke Karl August. He playwright heluhelu i ka hana mua o ka hana keaka "Don Carlos." Kahaha, aʻoliʻoli i ka mea kākau o ka talena, hanohano haawi mai i ka lāʻau kū o ka kuhikuhi ana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Ua haawi aku la i ka playwright he nohona kūlana haʻahaʻa,ʻaʻole hou. Naʻe, i kēia i ole hoʻololi i kona ola.

A mahope, o Herodia Schiller, a uhai aku i ka aelike me ka luna hoʻokele o ka Mannheim hale kiaka. Ka mea kākau E hoomanao i kona LIKE-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo kalele iho ma luna o kona makemake a me ka kala ho'āʻo e kau puʻe ma Schiller.

Leipzig laweʻAʻole eʻole ke haku mele

A pau i ka ia unsettled ola koe Friedrich Schiller. Kona Kawaihae mea ole ka mea mua manawa e hoomakaukau ana i ka lāʻau i loko o kona kino ola. Ma muli o kaʻilihune i kona hoole mare Margarita Shvan, i ke kaikamahine o kekahi 'aha hoʻokolokolo Kanaka Kūʻai Aku Puke. Eia naʻe, ka wa o kona ola ua hoʻololi no ka maikaʻi. Ma Leipzig, ua hoʻomaopopo ai i kana hana.

Playwright Ua lōʻihi ua hoʻomanaʻo mai kono i na kânaka o kana hana, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i loko o ke kaiāulu alii iho la oia ma ka Gottfried Kerner. Ia i ka lōʻihi (ʻo ia nō i ole uku i kona aie o 200 guilders, i lawe ia no ke paʻi ana o "ka poe powa"), ka mea kākau moʻolelo hoopii i kona kânaka me ka noi no kālā kōkua. I kona makemake, oia koke loaa i ka bila mai Leipzig i loko o kekahi dala e lawa, e uku aku i mau aie, a neʻe i kahi mea, ua hoʻomaopopo ai. Aloha me Gottfried Kerner e paa ana Classics koena o kona ola.

17.04.1785 Mr. Schiller hele i ka maʻi o ke kulanakauhale.

I kēia manawa he Classic no ke kolu o ka manawa, e hina ia, akā, hou i ole no kuʻu kaumaha: i ole ai Margarita Shvan. I ka hele i loko o kaʻeleʻele pōʻeleʻele Classic produces pono ole o kana hana lokomaikai, Gottfried Körner. He hoʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai pilialoha hoa mai he pepehi anaʻia iā iho, e hoʻomaka maila ka leo kono ana i ka ahaaina mare o Frederick Minna kookoo.

Pumehana aloha a me ke koena o ka loa ka uhane ka hoʻoponopono ulia, no ka ahaaina mare o kona hoa, palapala iho la i ka maikaʻi loa ode "No Peace" ma F. Schiller.

Kawaihae o ka mea kākau i noho ma ke kono ana o ka mea ia e pili ana i Kerner ma Dresden Loschwitz kauhale, ia ma ka mea kupaianaha hana :. "Philosophical palapala", hana keaka "Ka Misanthrope", e like me ke hoololiia nei ma o ka hana keaka "Don Carlos" Ma makakūʻai a pau o kēia wā kohu Boldin Akuma ka Pushkin.

Schiller ua ikeia. Playwright hoomalau mai lakou i kaumaha mai Hamburg a hiki i ka hale kiaka o ke kahua i kona mau hana keaka. Po hou Memories o na hihia i loko o ke alu like a me kaʻoluʻolu o me ka Mannheim hale kiaka.

Weimar manawa: he holo mai no oe. tuberculosis

He ua 08/21/1787 hōʻea ma Weimar ma ke kono ana o ka haku mele Christoph Wieland. He ua pu e ka wahine, he hoa kahiko, Charlotte av Kalb. Me ka pili ana i ka hui kiʻekiʻe, ka mea, ua hoʻolauna iā 'Schiller me alakai Kelemānia moʻolelo Johann Herder a me Martin Wieland.

Ka haku mele hoomaka ae la e hai aku i ka Magazine "Thalia", pai ia ma ka "German Mercury". Here oia i haalele kokoke heʻumi makahiki o ka hana, e hoʻonaʻauao ia makou iho i ka mōʻaukala. Kona mākaukau ua nui kuaiia, a ma ka 1788, ua lilo i Kumu ma ke Kulanui o Jena.

He haʻi'ōlelo ma ka honua mōʻaukala a me ka poetry, translates ka "Aeneid" ma Virgil. Schiller loaa i ka uku o ka 200 thalers o ka makahiki. He He 'ano uuku makahiki, akā, ka mea e leie aku ia ia, e ka manaʻo no ka wā e hiki mai.

No laila nō e hoʻoponopono ai i kā lākou mau ola, a mare Charlotte av lengefeld. Akā, ma hope o eha makahiki o ke ola lawe hou ho'āʻo ma: olelo ana i loko o ke anu nā lumi papa, a mailoko o ia e kona mau haumāna, ka maʻi me ka tuberculosis Friedrich Schiller. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi i loko o kona Kawaihae hōʻike charisma, pono o ke kanaka. Maʻi i nā keʻa o kona aʻo 'oihana, riveted i ka moe, akā, i ka hopena o ka noho malie hapa o ka eo kanaka koa.

A hou kahua o ka hopena

E like me ina ma ka nalu o ka mana kiekie ae, i loko o ka hora o kona mau hoa, e kōkua. Here a me ka manawa, i ka wa a ka maʻi i alakai ai i ka impossibility Schiller ka hana o, ka Denemaka kākau moʻolelo ¶ Holstein Baggens e hoohuli i ke aliʻi, a helu Schimmelmann haawi Classics no ka iapaau ana o ka subsidy o hoʻokahi tausani thalers.

Ka hao, e a me ka haʻawina kōkua hoala moe hoomanawanui ma kona mau wawae. He hiki ole ao aku, a me kona hoa, ke hoʻopuka Iogann Kotta i ka manawa e loaʻa. Koke höʻike Schiller i ka hou kahua o kaʻike hoʻokumu. He ironically hoʻomaka me ka lono kaumaha kekahi hanana: ka haku mele i kapa i ka makuakane e make ana, ka mea ma ia manawa noho ma Ludwigsburg.

Kēia hanana i manao: mālama 'makua kāne no ka lōʻihi manawa, a ua seriously mai. Classic akā, filial hana - e olelo aku a hui hou i kona makua kāne, a ua o Laielohelohe i ka manawa kūpono e Hug a hooluolu ia ekolu mau kaikuaana a me kona makuwahine, ka mea ana i i ike he umikumamawalu makahiki!

Malia paha i ka ke kumu ia i hele ole oia ia ia iho, a me kana wahine, e noho ana i loko o ka moku'āina.

Noho ana i loko o kā lākou uuku'āina, ka haku mele i loaa ka mana uhane stimulus - e hoʻomōhalaʻike hoʻokumu.

Ma hope o ka mahina, a me ka hapalua ma hope o ka hoʻolewa o kona makua kāne,ʻo ia kipa i kona Alama mater, ke koa kula kēia. He Ua nanea hopohopo e ka mea i ka mea, ua i kiʻi no nā haumāna. Ka mea, aloha mai la lakou enthusiastically: ma ke alo o ia i kekahi kaʻao - Shiller Fridrih, haku mele helu 1 ma Prussia. Neʻe Classic ma hope o kēia kipa kakau iho la oia i kona kaulana hana "palapala ma ka Aesthetic Education o Man."

Ma Ludwigsburg hānau o kona mua-hanau. He hope hauʻoli. Akā, e ola ehiku wale makahiki i koe iā ia ...

Ka haku mele hoi aku la i ke kulanakauhale o Jena, i loko o ka moku'āina o makakū ka hoʻoulu. Kona faceted tālena hoomalamalama ana me ka hana hou ia ka lohi ole! Schiller, ma hope o kaʻumi makahiki o ka ma-hohonu, study o ka mōʻaukala, kumumanaʻo o ka moʻokalaleo, aesthetics, hoi i ka poetry hou.

He hoʻokele ia,ʻo nā mea a pau i ka oi haku mele o Prussia, e komo i loko o ka "Ora" Magazine. I ka 1795, mai kona peni mai ka philosophical hana o ka poetry, "ka Dance", "poetry o ke ola", "Hope", "ke ano akamai", "ka papa o ka aina."

Alu like 'ana me Goethe

Mawaena o ka Schiller kono i loko o "Ora" Paʻi o nā haku mele, a ua Johann Wolfgang av Goethe. hele mai lākou makakūʻuhane i loko o ka pane, a i noho hauma¯na kahi o ka hana ana o na mea he nui priceless momi o ka lei o ka panina German moʻokalaleo o ka XVIII kenekulia.

Ka mea, i kekahi like hihio o ka civilizational aiee o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, i ka aoao o ke? Acaeoey o Kelemānia moʻokalaleo, he rethinking o kahiko nō. Goethe a me Schiller nema aku i ke ano o Contemporary moʻokalaleo, haipule, kālai'āina, aesthetic a me philosophical nīnau. I kā lākou palapala puhi pono a me ka civic ohohia. Two''he haku mele, wae no ka iho i ka palapala, ai 'ana, hoʻokūkū ana i loko o kona ulu ana:

• hope December 1795 - i kākau epigrams;
• i ka 1797 - ma ka palapala Mele.

Launa palapala o Goethe a me Schiller mea he kumu hoohalike kupaianaha o ka epistolary nō.

Ka hope pae o ka hana. Weimar

I ka 1799, hoi aku la oia a hiki i Weimar Friedrich Schiller. Hana i kākauʻia e ia, a me Goethe poe i ke kūpono 'ana o ke Kelemānia hale kiaka. Ka mea, lilo iho la i ke kumu no ka pili ana hana keaka 'oi i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Germany - Weimar.

Eia naʻe, maloʻo ana i na koa Schiller. I ka 1800,ʻo ia nā kūlanaʻelua kākau i kona noketura mele - pōʻino "Maria Stuart", hana hohonu, ka pomaikai a me ke akea resonance i loko o ka lehulehu.

I ka 1802, o ka Emperor o Prussia kānana o ka haku mele alii ko lakou. Eia naʻe, Schiller ironically reacted i keia. ua piha o ka'īnea kona poe opiopio a me ka oʻo maikai makahiki, a manawa e kākau hou alii manao i ka mea i make. He humanly makemake e hoomalau mai la lakou lapuwale no ia ia iho i ka inoa, akā, ua hoolohe mai la ia, manao wale nō o kā lākou mau keiki.

He ua pinepine maʻi, e loaa ana mai ka maʻi pneumonia. Ku ei keia backdrop, ka meaʻoi loa tuberculosis, lawe ae la ia i ka make untimely ma ke kiekie o ke talena, a ma ka makahiki o ka 45 makahiki.

ka hopena

No exaggeration e olelo aku i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia aloha haku mele o nā manawa i hala aku a ua makemake Iogann Gete a me Friedrich Schiller. Photos kia hoʻomanaʻo mau loa 'ia o nā hoaaloha e noho ana i loko o Weimar, maʻa i kela Kelemānia. Lākou invaluable na makana i ka moʻokalaleo: Classics lawe mai iā ia i ke ala o ka hou humanism, hōʻuluʻulu i nā manaʻo o ka mālamalama, a me Romanticism Classicism.