ʻO wai ka rula ma hope o Paulo 1 ma Rusia. Nā luna o Rusia

I ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia ka noho aliʻi Lūkini waiho wale aku no i ka weliweli kŰia: March po i ka 1801 i ka pae ana o kiai kipi alai ae ma St. Petersburg kia'āina-nui a me ke poo o ka malu makai PA Palen iloko o na keena o Emperor Paul Petrovich, a pepehi ihola iā ia, ma ia hana i ka coup i loko o i ka hopena o ka i pii aku ai i ka noho aliʻi o ke keiki a ka Emperor Alexander.

Noho alii ana, a hoomaka ae la ia me ka pepehi kanaka

I ka makuahine o ka mea i pepehi ke alii - Ana II - makemake, e hana ia i ka hope o kana e holumua ai i hāpai '. Ia mea ke kumu o ka papa kuhikuhiE mea aʻo Paul ua Panin - he poʻokela statesman o kona manawa. Akā, hoʻopaʻi'ōlelo ai ole. Paul makemake e malama i kana mau laina. He ua haʻaheo a me ka pīhoihoi, e like he nui Lūkini luna. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o kēia mō'ī ua pōkole-olaʻana, akā,ʻo ia e hoʻokele i loaa i ka mau inaina.

No ka mea koa kiai ole, ua hou e hoohiolo aku i ka noho aliʻi o nā hua'ōlelo i luna. A? Aiaiiuie limahana Biron a opiopio Ivan VI Antonovich, kūlana ke alii o Rusia, i kekahi hihia ma ka wahi. I kekahi manawa ka mea, i hana aku ai, a kīkēkē i ka uhane mai o ka hapless mō'ī - i ke koko o ka mea i pepehi Tsar Peter III ma luna o ko lākou mau lima.

Ka holoʻokoʻa pōkole moolelo - me Peter 1 i Rotehama 2 - piha o conspiracies a me coups, akā, ma keia hihia, aia ua kekahi au mamuli e haawi i ka kūikawā pūʻulu kīmopō. He mea kumu e manaoio i ka pōʻino e hiki mai kuka ua ike o Paulo ka keiki - hooilina i ka noho aliʻi, Alexander. E like me kēia 'ike pilikino i hana hewa, lilo iho la oia, ma keia hihia, ina OE, akā, parricide, a me keia po, March 12, 1801, i ke koena o kona ola puhi aku i kona naau.

Alexander 1: Ma ka noho alii ana

A hiki i ka lei o ka Russian aupuni a pau, i kau poo o Alexander I,ʻo ia he iwakalua-eha makahiki. I loko nō o kona wā'ōpiopio, hu ae la kona e holumua ai noʻonoʻoloi, a ua paa i ka moʻo o moderately-ka lokomaikaʻi nā mea hoʻololi. E like me kā lākou temperament, Alexander i kekahi 'elele o ka naʻauao absolutism, e like me kona kupuna wahine Ana II. He i ole encroach ma luna o ka pā kaua o serfdom, akā, he hōʻailona o ka holomua ike i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ma Ua wehe i kona mau aeia no hoʻonaʻauao kulanui, a me ke kaulana Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

Ma o ka hana o ka mea opiopio Auguseto i lilo iho i loko o ka'ōnaehana o ka hoʻomalu hoʻokele. I wahi o ka papa kahiko o Petero, ma ke Europa kükohu, hoʻokumu i ka oihana. Aia i ke ahiahi, i ka ho'āʻo maoli, e haawi aku i poe kauwa nana i ka kumukānāwai, akā, e noho wale nō i loko o ka helu o ua luawai-manao no ia. Ua i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka noho alii ana o Alexander lilo nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka poe koa, inā ma ka loa cumbersome nenoaiie o kāna notorious Arakcheyev koa noho.

Loea politician a me ka inoino alakaʻi

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o keia Mō'ī haule iho ai i ka au o ka Napoleonic kaua. I loko nō o ka mea i ka poʻe hao wale i hoʻokumu i ka 1905 Anati-Palaniʻahahui formally alai M. I. Kutuzov, e lawe i ka hoopai kino ma Alexander, a me ka mea, e kau i ka hewa no ka pio ana o Lūkini-'Aukekulia koa ma ke kaua o Austerlitz. He ua i ka poʻokela koa alakaʻi, akā, i ka haawina o kekahi kālai'āina.

Skillfully hoʻohana 'ana i kaʻikena kulana, ka Auguseto manao i ka 1808 i mea eʻoi aʻe ka maluhia me Napoleon. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, Rusia, ua pili ia Finland, Bessarabia a me Hawaiian Georgia. I loko nō o ka mea i ka inoa o Alexander I, ua huiʻano nui me ka kaua o ka 1812, i kona piʻi like i ka lanakila i kaupalena ', paha wale i ka uaua pilikino E pili ana i Napoleon a me ka' ole-ākeʻakeʻa i loko o ka hooponopono ana o ka poe koa, brilliantly ka hoʻokō 'ia M. I. Kutuzovym.

Make, i hanau i ke kaao

Alexander 1, o ka noho alii ana o ka i i pu e kai lulu popilikia a me ka haole pili ola o ka aina, i ka pau ana o ka noho alii ana ua pinepine kamailio e pili ana i ka makemake e abdicate a me ka hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā lākou iho i ke Akua. Kēia i ke kumu e, ma hope o kona make ana, a hahai akula ia ma 1725 ma ka holo ana a hiki i Taganrog, he mau ka lono, e hoʻike i ke kapikala i lawe i ka pahu me kekahi kanaka kino, a me ka Emperor ia iho i loko o ka anuanu nahele hermitages ma lalo o ka inoa o ka mua Fyodor Kuzmich panai ai no ka hewa patricide i iwakalua-eha makahiki aku nei, hoala aku la ia ia i ka oioi o ka mana. I keia mana mea unfounded - mea ike ole ia a hiki i kēia lā.

hoomaka ae la i ka hou au me ka kipi

A pau e rula ma hope o Paulo 1 ma Rusia, ua ka mō'ī o ka hou 'Eulopa type. Ua pili loa i ka Emperor Rotehama I, i ka makahiki 1825, e puku ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o kona kaikuaana. I loko nō o ka rigidity o ke aupuni hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka hikina despotism,ʻo ia i hana i ka hana i ka hana i loko o ke aupuni pono Hoʻoponopono hoʻomalu'ōnaehana, ka hoʻohana' ana i ka holumua ai hana o na aina.

E like me kona kaikaina, ma Rotehama I, i ka inoa o ka "Emperor o Rusia" i pīpī i ke koko. A hou ka mea, ua na kiai, i kēia manawa ma ke akea ma ka lā 14 o Kekemapa i loko o ka Senate Square o ke kulanakauhale alii. E liʻiliʻi i ka hiki wā e hiki mai ka haunaele, ma Rotehama i lawe drastic ana, hoʻokahua i kona hope kaulana me ka gendarme a me ka suppressor o ke ku okoa ana. I ka mea, ua hookumuia oia ka notorious "Ekolu Section" - o ka malu makai, e lawe mai i nā mea a pau-mai hoʻomakākiu mai o dissidents.

Kona kuwaho ua he huina manaʻo o ka loko. Milestones i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka noho alii ana o Rotehama au i hoomaka ai: i ka suppression o ka Polish a me Hunakalia uprisings, kaua me Tureke o 1828-1829, i ke kaua a me Peresia, a, ma hope, naaupo nalowale ka Crimean kai eʻe mua ka mea, hiki i ka hopena o ka a make ihola ia ma Pepeluali 18, 1855 ..

Tsar-reformer

Mawaena o ka poe lula ma hope o Paulo 1 ma Rusia, i ka nani o ka loa e holumua ai reformer loaa ae, i ka poni o ke Akua - Emperor Alexander II. Haʻalele o kona makua kāne,ʻo ia i ho'āʻo e lawe mai i ko lakou aina i ka uhane o ke ku okoa ana a me ka humanism. Ka loa Hawaiʻi nui o kona hana i ka abolition o serfdom, i haʻi mai i ka 1861.

Eia hou, i ka mōʻaukala o kona noho alii ana i komo: ka hoʻopau o ka oihana koa kauhale, a me ka mihi ana o na puali koa, kiekie a me ka haumāna hoʻonaʻauao, Waiwai, a me ka pono a me ka zemstvos. Ka apuepue kekahi i kekahi o ka poe e alii ai maluna o Rusia ma hope o Paul 1st, no laila, ua hiki ke hoʻololi i ka kiʻi o ka moku'āina, akā, make iho la nae ka reformer nui ma ka lima o ko lākou mau makaainana. Ua Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma nā ho'āʻo, o ka i nei hana e March 1, 1881, e like me ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hui "Narodnaya Volya", loaʻa iā ia i kona ola.

King ke anaina a me ka counterreformers

Kana keiki, a Alexander, ka poe i pii aku i ka noho aliʻi ma hope o ka make ana o kona makuakane, i loaa ka hewaʻiʻo inoa kapakapa o na kanaka o ke alii-ke anaina. A kū hoʻokahi hihia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini autocracy - no nā makahiki a pau o kona noho aliʻiʻana, i ka aina i i lawelawe 'ia kekahi kaua, a ua i haule kekahi o kona poe koa ma ke kahua kaua. E like me kā lākou hilinaʻi, Alexander III ua he Slavophile, a me ka poʻe kākoʻo iā ia o ka "kūikawā ala" o Rusia. Ua alakai aku la ia ia e hoʻokō i ka helu o ka loan-mihi nona ma ka hoopakele ana i ke kumu o ka aina i ka mua o nā haole i ka haole ololi, ke ola.

He hala aku ai ma mua a hiki i ke kanalima o ka makahiki. Me ke kino puʻipuʻi ikaika a me ka halawai ikehu, waiho wale aku no i ke alii mai ka maʻi hakuʻala maʻi e kena ae i ka pau ana o ke ola ana o ka naau a me ka hoʻokō 'ole' ipu koko. Kona make September 21, 1894 ua ka hoʻomaka o ka noho alii ana o ka hope o ka Hale o Romanov. Name a patronymic inoa o ka Emperor, ka mea i ana trohsotletnyuyuʻana - Rotehama II Alexandrovich.

I ka hope o ka mamo aliʻi

Kona poni ia i wahi i ka 1896, lilo i ke kumu o ka pōʻino i mai ai ma luna o Khodynka kahua, ma like me ka hopena o ka hoʻomāhuahua mai o na tausani o ka poʻe i hele mai i loaa mai i ka olelo mai makana i ka Ahaaina palala, i hana i ka weliweli stampede i pepehi 1.379 kanaka, a ma kahi o 1,000 poino. I kanaka ka mea i manao me ka inoino nānā i nā'ōuli a me ka 'aka iaiyoe o ka hanana ua waiho i loko o nā makahiki a pau o kona noho aliʻiʻana.

Ma Rotehama II, e like a pau kona mua luna o Rusia a me Rusia, e manaoia e mākou i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o kona mau makahiki. Kona kaʻana like 'ana i haule iho ai, e alii ai maluna o ka moku'āina, he eono o ka Honua, ma ka loa hana keaka wā i loko o kona mōʻaukala. O lakou na makahiki i ka wa, a me ka kokololio papa hana, e ulu ana ka nohona tensions, a haawi aku i ka hoʻomaka 'i loko o ekolu Hope, i ka hope o ka a ua ona no ke aliʻiʻana, a me ka aupuni a pau me ka a pau.

Rasputin ka aoao

Akā, i ka mea ia manawa,ʻo ia a me nā mea a pau i nā luna a pau o Rusia a me Rusia, he kuleana no ke ano o ka moku'āina, a i ka hopena o kona noho aliʻiʻana. I ka hewa, i pau ai ke au o ka noho alii ana o ka Romanovs, ua pili i ka maʻi-i aʻo aku ai i hoʻoholo i loko o ke kahua o ka wahi lulu, a kuwaho - i ka hopena mai a hiki i ka hapanui o kēia noiʻi.

E like me nā luna o Rusia mua, iloko o ka noho alii ana o ka i i kaha maha ma ka uhauha a me ka unrest, ma Rotehama II imi kākoʻo nā loko o koa mana, a ma ke Akua ka uwao ana. Nolaila i kona manaoio makapo i loko o ka "hemolele Lunakahiko" - Gregory Rasputin, nona ka aoao pili kēia exacerbated ka ua noho pilikia moku'āina ma i ke aupuni a ua. Ka hope makahiki o ka noho alii ana wehewehe aku ma kekahi feverish moʻo o ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi Kuhina a me ka papa kiʻekiʻe nā kānaka. Ua i kekahi,ʻAʻole eʻole hoao e lawe mai i ka aina mai o ka ulia, i ke aʻo a he kanaka kahiko, hooeueu ae la i aku la ia ia ma kana wahine - ka Empress Aleksandru Fodorovnu.

Hope Empress o Rusia

Inā mākou e nānā i ka papa inoa o Lūkini empresses, ua hiki ke ike i na mea he nui o ia i haʻalele i ka maikai hoomanao i ka mōʻaukala. Ua noho aliʻi ihola ia i loko o nā makahiki o Ana a me Elizaveta Petrovna, akā, i ka hope kekahi o ia mau mea - Alexandra Feodorovna - i kekahi manawa, e inu i ka apu awaawa o ka mahalo inaina. O kana unfounded a hoopiiia o ke kipi a me ka profligacy, a me ia mea, ua iho la puʻe wale kana kane i ka pū Rusia ma ia unpopular mawaena ano o kanaka i ke kaua. Ua pau i ka papa inoa o Lūkini empresses.

Ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana o 1917 hooneleia i ka noho aliʻi o Rotehama II. He hoole aku ia ia, a laila, pu me kona 'ohana i kau ma lalo o ka hale hopu i loko o ka Tsar ka hale alii. Soon ke Aupuni Kūikawā, hoouna aku la ia i loko o ke pioʻana i loko o Tobolsk, a ma 1918 ma ka olelo hooholo o ka Bolsheviks i kaʻohana aliʻi ma Yekaterinburg. Aia, i loko o ka hale ilalo o ka hale ma luna o ka po o ka la 17 o Iulai, 1918 Ipatiev, ka ohana holoʻokoʻa i pana pu me ka poe kauwa, a hele pū ana Dr. Botkin.