Solovetsky kula na haumana Soviet Moku mōʻaukala, poʻei puka, hoomanao

Loira i kapiia lakou a pau vests, me ka'āina gait a me nāʻano ua hoano e na kanaka ... Jung - he ano o ka hōʻailona o ka loa a me ka inviolability o ka manuwa kuʻuna. Inā 'oe i ke keiki, makaukau ole, e haʻalele i ke ahi wela papahele, laila, - i ka'auwaʻa i e!

Ana no i loko o ka pauku, e kālele ana ma luna o ka Solovki kula Jung, mōʻaukala o keia kula, kona hanaia'na, nā haumāna puka a iaiyoe.

na haumana e Petrovs

Kāpena keiki i loko o Rusia Ikea aneane ka poʻe me ka'auwaʻa - i ka 1707 Petr Veliky hoʻokumu i ke kula mua ma ka aina, kahi i hoomakaukauia ka wa opiopio luina. Kēia kula ho'āʻo o loko o Kronstadt, akā,ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi. A laila, ua he like kula ma ka hoʻokele ka kula, a ua i ka hoao i loko o ka makahiki 1912 i ka Kronstadt kula, e hoʻihoʻi aku.

Ke kumu no ka paa o ia mau kula (ma ke alanui, no ka mea, he lōʻihi manawa, i ka inoa palapala ma ka 'aʻe' ana i Lūkini grammar - "yungov kula" no ka mea, o ka manawa "kāpena keiki" o Hōlani me Kinohi) - i ka pono, e hoʻolako 'ana i aʻo no seafarers. Luina Kelemania e pono ai e ike, a e hiki no ka oi ma mua o ke koa, a me ka hoomakaukau maikai luina o Hokoana paha conscripts Uaʻaʻole paakiki - Ua lilo ka hailona o ka manawa.

Ke Soviet aupuni i ka hoomaopopo i kēia, a me ka 1940 kukulu i na keiki o kona mau ke kula i ka ma ka mokupuni o Valaam. Ae, pololei e kiʻi i ka aʻo maikai i ole i manawa kona mau haumāna - ke kaua i ole kali no ia. He aha ke kūlana o nā keiki kāne o ka Solovki kula i ka? Kēia e e kūkā mai no hoi ia.

mau hoa auou caiaiai

Valaam kāpena keiki i ka make, aneane pau (mai ka 200 kanaka e noho ana ma laila, he ole oi ma mua o ke kakini), e kaua ana no ka mea ai-kapaia "Nevsky Kahiko". Ka mea, ua hōʻike lākou iā lākou iho e e Patriots a me nā koa, akā,ʻo kona papa kuhikuhiE manao ua ole ko - hiki ole lilo i ke tālena wai puna no ka Moana. A me ka pilikia ua ulu koke - i loko o nā makahiki kaua i kakahiaka nui ua hoano e luina i make Hawaii en paʻi hua, a me ka puku ia me ka mau, mai outlying mau mea, ua ike ole ike i ke kai, ka mea, he mea hiki ole. 'Aʻole i maikaʻi a me ka emi hoʻonaʻauao moho - ka mea, ua i hiki ke Makuakane meʻano luna' moku enehana.

Moku hoouna mua i mālama ai reservists, akā, ka mea i hoi i ka hailona Malama Ka, a me ka 'ike loea hou ua ole e ku malie oukou. Hokoana, he nui o ka poe e, ua pono ma luna o ke kanakolu, hiki ole ke noʻonoʻo i ka piha-fledged luina 'Oihana. Aia mea he pono, e hana i kekahi kula hou no ke aʻo o ka luina i hiki ke lawelawe i loko o ka kaua, a Makuakane me ka hana o ka moku i ka.

Adimarala ka kānāwai ma luna o ka hoʻokumu o ke kula

Ua like hoʻoholo i i e ka USSR People ka Commissar o ka Moana, Adimarala NG Kuznetsov. Ua Ua kapaʻia ma hope ona mea he nui kaulana Lūkini mokulele lawe manawa, e hali ana mai ke kai eʻe nei i ka Suria kahakai. May 25, 1942, Adimarala Ua kakauinoa ia ke kānāwai ma luna o ke kukuluia'na o na keiki i ke kula i ka ma ka Solovetsky Islands.

Ke kula ua, e hoomakaukau i ka poe kanaka no ka mea nui wale wartime meaʻai poʻokela pepa: Radio ana, signalers, kōmike hoʻokele, uila, mechanic a me Moana Boatswain.

Solovki he pono no kekahi mau kumu - a kokoke i ka wahi o ka hakakā ana, a me kŘpa a palekana, a me ka oaoieei kumu o kekahi mau ano ua, a me ka mua hoailona pā Ua hoopuni hakuloli no nā lumi papa a me nā Barracks. ʻO kēia ka makahiki ua hoʻopaʻa 'e hoʻomaka September 1st - pela i manawa e lawe mai i ka puka kai eʻe a me ka huki i hana papahana. 'Imi nāʻaʻa e ma ka Komsomol hui wale. Eia naʻe, Adimarala N. G. Kuznetsov manaʻoi kuhikuhi mai i loko o kona mea i ole e lilo i nā haumāna nā lālā o ka Komsomol.

Violators o ka Geneva Convention

Au pono aku nei au, he nui o na moho i loko o ke kāpena keiki i kēia'akimalala nui ano hoohanohano nona. ʻOiai ua kauoha aku i loko o ke kula i pūʻali koa i mea nā pōkiʻi o 15-16 makahiki, akā, aneane i koke kekahi hanauna ino lakou, he mau cadets, kala i i loaa i ka makahiki o Komsomol. Ma ka pōʻaiapili o ke kaua, ua nui na hihia o ke poho a poino o ka palapala, a hōʻoia i nā ikepili ua mau mea hiki. Ka muli loa Solovetsky kāpena keiki i ka manawa o ke komoʻana i ke ao i wale ... 11 makahiki!

Ae, e kau ma ke kāpena-keiki 15-makahiki-kahiko keiki (a me ka makahiki ma hope ka mea i hoouna mai ai, e malama aku!) Ua maopopo iho la i ka mea ku ole i ka kūmau o aloha kekahi i kekahi Geneva Convention ua papa i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka pololei, koa hana ana o ke kanaka ma lalo o makahiki 18 o ka makahiki. Akā, i kēia mau hana i hoakaka ma ka laina me na kūmau o ka pono a me ka lehulehu-uhane Soviet wā'ōpiopio, ma ka wartime.

Soviet keiki ike no kaʻoiaʻiʻo: ka mea, Ua pono, e pepehi i na fascists i kona piha ka make! Akā, i ke ola ana o ka Geneva Convention, i ka hapanui o lākou i ka hāʻuleʻana, a i makemake ole i ka loaʻa. O ka poe mamo a ka Soviet Union, a hoʻololi i loko o ka hou passports makahiki o ka hānau 1925 a hiki i 1923, e nui koke kiʻi i ke alo, a i ka 11 makahiki, i hoohiki ai i ka mea i 15ʻokoʻa ka papa kuhikuhi e like ai ka maikai e hoala mai i kekahi keiki - ka makemake e lilo nā mākua e like me ka hikiwawe e loaa ana. A me ka ulu ana i ka mea i hoomaopopo pono - e like me ke kuleana, ka hana a me ka hana.

Brutal Competition

A ua i ka wā'ōpiopio, ma ka USSR he nui loa! Lakou ia lakou iho mua kāpena keiki i haʻi mai iaʻu i, no kekahi laʻana, ma Moscow, a me ka moku kuhikuhi me 500 noho ma ka huapalapala mua o kekahi mau lā 3,500 palapala noi i hoʻouna 'ia.

Eia naʻe, ikaika i waeʻia. Kēia hewa - kuhi i Suvorov kula a me ke kula na haumana iloko o ke kaua, hoouna wale nō noho. No laila, no hoi, he mau, akā, wale me ua mau keiki haukae ana, i pono ua ole nenelu ma ka hewa. More pinepine, na moho e hana opiopio poe i uuku guerrillas a me nā keiki kāne a regiments, e like me na keiki a make koa.

Ka mea, Ua manao ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 6 papa (kekahi maalea e hoʻokele i kiʻi a puni keia rula) a me ka maikai ola (kahi ka mea, ua oi paakiki -' inikua ke aeia "wahi iho la" o na mea he nui). E ao aku ia lakou mai ka 9 a hiki i 11 mahina, loa, pili, a me ka polokalamu pū,ʻaʻole wale i ka hahau ana o specialization, akā, i ka Lūkini 'ōlelo, makemakika,' epekema. Oia hoi, o ke kahua o ka hula kula i loko o ka mooolelo maikaʻi o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa (me ka hoʻomaoe hou akulaʻo o ka nui, e hoike ana o na haumana nō ulu luna - ka hiki e hula Ua kuhi OAXA no ka "pono" o kaʻoihana moku luna). I hoomakaukauia ka wa opiopio, i maoli waiwai tālena wai puna.

Unrecognized veterans na haumana kula

Solovetsky kula na haumana Moku hua mai la 5 a paʻi (3 i loko o ke kaua, a me 2 ma hope o kona paʻa - kēia mau haumāna puka iʻano nui hoouna i trawlers, maopopo kai i koʻu). Ma hope, ua hoololiia ke kula i Kronstadt, a me Solovki kāpena keiki i pau ai - he Kronstadt.

School Solovki na haumana iloko o ke kaua, nolaila ia i kuu he 4111 kanaka, laila, i mālama ai ma luna o nā mea a pau'auwaʻa (māhele pololei ma ka nānaina o ka nele). Aneane 1,000 na haumana i ole hoʻi i ka hale, haawi i ke ola no ka hoomalu ana i ka motherland. Ka hapa nui o lakou, he Radio ana, akā, loa he mau minders, electricians a me ka mea kaua. Ua ua kōmike hoʻokele, signalers a me ka poeikohoia o nā meaola meaʻai poʻokela pepa.

Pinepine na moku haumāna puka keikikane Solovki ke kula i ka hoao paha ka loa ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa me kēia haumāna (hoʻopilikia me ke kookoo noke a ka hopena o ke kaua). Ma kēia hihia, he paradoxical kulana - 16-17-makahiki-kahiko keikiʻikeʻia i loko o ke kūlana o ka trainers a me na luna o ka 40-makahiki-kahiko makua. O ka holo ana, aole lakou i hoopoina i ka maopopo yungam subordination, akā, nae i hele i loko o ka pono me ka manaoio. Naʻe, i ka mua conscripts nō hoʻomanaʻo pono i ke kai eʻe, e hoʻopau illiteracy o nā mākua, i ka wa a na kumu a me nā kūpuna, hoi, he 10-makahiki-kahiko paionia '. No laila, i ka maopopo i ka Soviet luina: ka mea opiopio - 'aʻole i manaʻo he wahi ike.

Mākou i hookoia ia i nui loa mai ai, akā, uku. Solovetsky puka V. Moiseenko i ka makahiki 1945 i hookoia ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union. Sasha Kovalev (! Ka mea, ua i hiki Alexander - Sasha) I i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Star Kaiula, a World War II; nui i kumu kāki mau mekala. Akā, postwar kūʻokoʻa o ka hihia i ole hoʻomōhala. A hiki i 1985 i ka Solovki kāpena keiki i manaoia i komo o ka Great Patriotic War! Aia ua Ua he deliberate huna o ka oiaio o ka ae o ka oihana koa hoohiki (paha e'Āhewa a pau i ka hookahi Geneva Convention, mai i ka mea i pono, e hūnā umikumamalima makahiki o ka luna). Wale perseverance o Ilamuku Akhromeeva ae e ao i ka ponoʻole.

Akā, i ka paʻa noke me ka pili ana i ka bureaucratic ulaula leki. Mua i loko o ka makahiki 1972 (ka 30th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke kula) hoomaka ae la e hōʻike i nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i mua o nā keiki kāne, mai Solovki, a ua lilo ia i kahiko ka Aha-elele o na haumana kahiko.

versatile launa hoahanau

Ua mea noteworthy i waena o nā haumana, ka poe ola i ke kaua, ka mea, ua he hailona o ka nunui-loea kanaka, he nui loa i loaʻa i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka meaʻai poʻokela pepa.

Vladimir Korobov, Yu Pandorin a me N. Usenko a pau ke ola nakinakiia mai me ka'auwaʻa, ala niioaaonoaaiii i ka Adimarala, Hope Adimarala a me Captain 2 o ka huakaʻi. Mau luinaʻekolu ma hope o ke kaua loaa ka inoa o Hero o ka Soviet Union ma lalo o kekahi ana. Lau nā poʻei puka i i hookoia Star o ka Hero o Socialist na Hana Lima.

I. K. Peretruhin koho koa hana ia ma kekahi wahi - lilo i luna ma ka counterintelligence. He hoike ana ia ia i kāpena keiki a me ka poe mea i hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻololi i ke kinona me kona chap ma ka sīwila hoopii. BT Shtokolov hoʻolimalima i ka inoa o ko People ka Artist o ka USSR - ka mea, ua he kaulana keaka mele hoolea, nui uila laina nā hana keaka. V. V. Leonov i māka hōkūʻia i loko o kēia ōlaʻi o Film; Eia hou, oia ua he aliʻi haku, aeoaeuneiai nā hana keaka o kona mau mele. GN Matyushin kaua no ka malama ana o ka moolelo o kona'āina hānau like ikaika me ka hoʻopale 'ia mai o kaʻenemi - archeologists loaa i ka inoa o ka academician. kakau iho la VG Guzanov moʻolelo keaka no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā buke; He no hoi i hana aku ai i kekahi puu, e hookupaa nui ae i ka nohona Lūkini-Japanese hoahanau, Ua ike hoʻomalu Japanese haʻawina. Kekahi o kona mau puke i kākau i loko o Japanese.

Akā,ʻo ka hapanui o lohe nuiʻia i loaa kekahi o ka poʻe hewa nui loa hewa o ka Geneva Convention. Valentin Savich Pikul ka wā komo i ka Solovetsky kula makahiki wahi ia ia iho. ia He, e halihali i ka hakakā hana, akā, hoʻopaʻi, ua maikaʻi - he opiopio luina Kelemania e ola. Hope V. S. Pikul kaulana like paha ka loa kaulana Soviet a me ka Russian mea kākau hana kūikawā ana i ka mōʻaukala novels. Soviet heluhelu (nui pampered maikai moʻokalaleo) e noho ana i loko o ke aloha o kona mau puke ma ka lālani a paʻi ia no oe ia oe iho ma luna o typewriters. I ka Ia manawa kokoke ka hapalua o na novels Pikul ala a me kekahi, akā, nā i ka meaola theme like.

A puke e pili ana i ka Solovki kula mau keiki kāne 'Boys me nā kakaka "

Mai poina i ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a me konaʻIno opiopio ma Solovki. ia i hoolaa ai i ka puke "Boys me nā kakaka" i kona hoa no keia pii ma keiki i ke kula, a me kā lākou ole naue like. He hōʻike i ke ola a me ka hopena o Solovki kula o kona puka i loko o kā lākou mau hana a me VG Guzanov.

Inā mau hana i mua na haumana iʻano nui autobiographical moʻokalaleo, aia no he kaulana, a e lawe mai ai i ka wā kamaliʻi o ka keia lā iaiyoe e pili ana i ka hoʻomanaʻo na¯. Ma ka puke "ke kai ke kahea i ke koa" hiki ke hāʻawi me he kumu hoohalike. He kupaianaha ia ia i paʻiʻia ma Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl kahi, a me ka a Solovki!

I ka moolelo o ke kula na haumana Solovki Ua lewa i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Soviet - i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he muli ma luna o laila, "Young ka Northern'auwaʻa" Ua Film.

Paʻa i loko o ka pōhaku o ka kula kaulana

Ua waiwai nui mea no hoi e malama mama pono opiopio meʻe vests. Ke kia muaʻikeʻia ma luna o Solovki i ka hanohano o ka 30th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke kula. ua kukulu iho la i kona mua kāpena keiki ia lakou iho, ma luna o lākou iho, a ma ko lakou mau lilo.

Hope, ma hope o ka kūhelu ma nā wahi o ke Solovki Jung veterans o ka Great Patriotic War, e hoʻomauʻia i komo i ka hoomanao ana o ia mau mea i loko o nā ke aupuni, a me ka nui lehulehu. Ma Moscow i ka 1995, ua ka wahi o Solovki na haumana. I ka makahiki 1993, he kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea opiopio luina i ma luna o ka Waialo o ka Northern Dvina, a ma ka 2005 - ma ka inoa i loko o kā lākou hanohano āpana (i loko o nā hihia a pau, o ka mea kākau'ōlelo sculptor F. Sogayan).

Akā, i ka loa hoʻi i hoihoi kia ku i loko o ka pā hale o kekahi o nā kula Moscow (e - "vertical" gymnasium). Heʻikeʻia i ka 1988, a me ke kumu o ka papahana ua i ka puka o ka Solovetsky - artist E. N. Goryachev. Moscow School, a lilo i mea kaulana no ka lakou i hana mai i ka aina ka mua iau Solovetsky na haumana - me ke kōkua o nā veterans lakou iho, a me ka kumu o ka a me ka haumāna ka ohohia. It E e kaulana i ka nui kūlana i loko o kona hui pâʻani i ka Komsomol - ka Communist Kamaliʻi Union hana ole wale ma ka propaganda, akā, i (i ka nui loa) ka hoʻonaʻauao pono a me ka patriotic. Museumʻikeʻia i ka 1983, a hiki i 2012 ka mea i alai ai e Kapena 1st Rank (Ret) N. V. Osokin - ka mua Solovetsky Jung.

"ʻAʻole i hana au manaʻo, hoa, i ma yungah hamama iau", - kākau ihola ma luna o kēia manawa aliʻi haku V. V. Leonov. Kona poetry lilo i ka mākia o kēia hanana kulanui.

Happy Anniversary, hoa!

I ka 2017, i ka 75th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke kula na haumana Solovki. Hang ma ke kumuhana i paʻa i loko o Moscow, Arkhangelsk, a, o ka papa, ma Solovki. Ma nā makahiki, i ka hopena o nā haumāna kahiko (13 o ia e noho ma luna o arhangelogorodschine) a me ke kula iho Solovetsky Arkhangelsk Jung a me kona alakaʻi ka loa pili. Ma ka hālāwai kūikawā e paa ana ia i ka kahiko hoʻomanaʻo halawai o ka mau mau haumāna puka. kēia māhele 'āina aaieieno? hoʻomaka' kamailio e pili ana i ka pono, e ho okumu ma Solovki Museum a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ai.

Maoli - Solovetsky Islands, kahi keiki kāne i ke kula o ka noho ana, e e hilahila i loko o keia mau mea a lakou i primacy Moscow. No kēia manawa i ka alakaʻi o ka papa Solovetsky hoailona e pili ana i ka Initiative, e ho okumu Jung Museum me ka naauao a me ka kākoʻo. No ka mea, he mea maikai mōneka pili no hoi i ka apana uuku na "neʻe aku" a me ka haawi aku i kekahi kōkua ma ka 'epekema a me kaʻaha hui hana.

A ka mea, ke hiki e reborn a me ke kula iho. Peresidena o Rusia i hoouna mai he kaumaha, e hoolilo i Solovki kekahi hale a Hawaii Cadet mau pūʻali, e hou ma luna o ka pā hale Lūkini ua'ōlohe wiwo Solovki kāpena keiki. Owai la ka mea ike. Paha i ka moʻolelo o ka Solovetsky kula na haumana kaulana mea,ʻaʻole ma luna o ka ...