A pau e pili ana i Plural ka haʻiinoa: kēlā hihia, pololei make, uuku i ike pākuʻina

Ka mua scientific ka wehewehena o ka hihia (e like me V. A. Uspenskogo) i kekahi mathematician ma ka inoa o Kolmogorov Alana Nikolaevich. He manaoio aku i keia pono komo o ole wale olelo, syntactic, akā, semantic hana. ʻO kēia ka wehewehena Ua like penei: ina - he waeʻano o nā hua'ōlelo kona hoike ana syntactic kūlana ma ka olelo, a kōkua loulou kanaka hua'ōlelo i loko o ka hoʻokahi mokuna.

Ka manawa "hihia", e like me ka inoa o ka hoopii, i unuhi 'ia mai he Roma a me Helene.

Aia i mau kumu nui ke ano o na hihia: kauoha a me kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe make make. No ka pololei hihia nā ka nominative a me ka accusative a me kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe - ka ehaʻAno'ē aʻe (genitive, dative, vocal, prepositional).

Nā hua'ōlelo "pololei" a me ka "ʻauhau'ēʻaʻe" make iʻikeʻia i loko o kā mākou 'ōlelo ma ka pili me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka emi like me ka haiahū kūmau, mai ka wale pololei kahiko ano o ka olelo. Ke analogy Ua mālama 'ia me ka dice, ma o ka haule ana a me ka pololeiʻaoʻao (ala make), a me kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻeʻaoʻao (kēlā hihia) no kekahi'ōwili.

Hihia'ōnaehana ma Rusia ua poe e eono hihia. Kēlā me kēia no ia ua kākoʻo mau olelo, hiki ia lakou i ka pololei hōʻike.

1). Nominative - hua'ōlelo i loko o ka nominative hui pu iho la me ka mea kākoʻo hua'ōlelo "mea."

2). Genitive - kākoʻo hua'ōlelo "ole."

3). Dative - kākoʻo hua'ōlelo "haawi."

4). Accusative - he kākoʻo hua'ōlelo "'Āhewa".

5). Instrumental - kākoʻo hua'ōlelo "hauʻoli" ( "hana").

6). Prepositional - kākoʻo hua'ōlelo "e manaʻo (e pili ana)."

No hoi no ka naau kupono, kā lākou mau wehewehe i nīnau i ka hihia. Direct hihia i ka ia ninau elua: nominative pane i nā nīnau, "Na wai lā? He aha "A o ka accusative -"? Owai? He aha? ". Ninaninau 'ana iʻauhau'ēʻaʻe inoʻokoʻa. Genitive pane i ka nīnau, "Owai? He aha "dative -" Owai? He aha ", vocal -" He aha? Ka "prepositional -" Of wai? About aha? "(" Ma wai? He aha? ").

Ma ka Lūkini 'ōlelo ma luna o hihia ĸokoĸa ana nä pane a me ka mālama iā haʻiinoa, haʻiʻano, pronouns a me numerals. Ka pau 'ana o hua'ōlelo - mea,ʻaʻole i kekahi mea, aka, i ke ala, e hōʻike i ka emi.

Direct a me kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe make make mau i na ano wale o ka hihia, e like me na kuleana. Aia i hou pākuʻina:

1). Vocative - ka mea, ua i ka hiku o ka hihia i loko o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo a 1918 a me ka hoʻohana' ia ka hihia i ke kanaka. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike vocative hihia - Katyas, An, Hoa, kupunakane, docha. Ano, vocative i kekahi mau loa replaces ka dative.

2). Quantitatively-hookaawale ana make - hoʻohana no ka noun, e hoike ana i ka helu a me ka mahalo i kekahi mau wahi, oiai i oleloia. Ma ke kula nenoaiu, ano o na olelo laupaʻi, a me ka ai hookaawaleia hoi ka palaho equated me ka genitive.

3). Locative hihia - he prepositional hihia, hui me ka wahi. He wahine i ka ninau o "He aha? Where? ". Ano he kumu hoʻohālike: kamailio e pili ana i ka papaʻaina, e ia i loko o ka papaʻaina.

4). Ablative - hihia me ka noun, e hoike ana i ka wahi o ka hoomaka ana o ka neʻe. Laʻana: I hele mai mai o ka ulu lāʻau.

Ma waho kēia mau mea ino, e kū mālie i kekahi mau: helu,? Aiaiiuie zhdatelny, kauoha aupuni, a me na mea e ae. Ke mau ka helu ana o na mea nō IKE OLE IA.

Aia i ka pilikia o ka wā hihia o ka noun ma hilo, ina ia mea accusative, prepositional paha vocative.

Kekahi mau aina i ko lakou hihia nenoai, i kekahi manawa i kekahi mea i loko o like me ka Lūkini morphological, stylistic a me nā kai. Ma kahi e aku pākuʻina i hoʻohana like me māhele, possessive, ke kumu, o ka mea alakaʻi, lishitelny a me accusative, ablative, dative a me ka 'ē aʻe.

Ma nā 'ōlelo ma kahi loaʻa nō ole mea ino, hoʻohana' ē aʻe aoao i ke kūlana o nā hua'ōlelo i loko o ka'ōlelo (ka hoʻohana o prepositions a me postpositions, he kekahi mea o nā hua'ōlelo i loko o ka kikokikona) i ka hōʻike.

Hana au Pono e ike pākuʻina? O ka holo ana, e pono no, no ka mea, i ka ke kumu ka mea, i këia, a hiki ma ke kula laulā maʻamau!