He aha kaʻokoʻa mai ka gymnosperms angiosperms? Kaʻokoʻa

Gymnosperms (Lakina Gymnospérmae.) A angiosperms, a flowering mea kanu (Magnoliophyta lat.) - i kēia mau meaʻelua kekahi mau hui o ke aupuni mea kanu (Subkingdom kiekie ae kanu), e hōʻike 'successively ma ka evolution o ke ano. paani ka mea, nui ka kūlana i loko o ka hiki 'ana o ka Honua, e kona uliuli wahī.

Kekahi lala o kēia mau pūʻulu i kēia manawa loa i mea ole, a wāwahie hoʻokomo kālā i ka waeʻano. Ano, ma ka Honua, ua holographic, a me angiosperms. Aia nā kīʻokoʻa i emi iho na pūʻulu elua.

me Kinohi

Ke kumu a me ka makahiki - o ka nui, he nui okoa mai na gymnosperms angiosperms. Gymnosperms - he pūʻulu loa kahiko o ke kanu meaola. Lakou nei i loko o ke ao nei me ka Devonian wā (Paleozoic au), ia mea ma kahi o 370 miliona makahiki aku nei. Ua Ua manaoio ia ka mea, he poe mamo lakou o ka hua Fern (Lakina Pteridospermae.) - loa i mea ole mea kanu a me nā wahi lehulehu a i pinepine i loaʻa i loko o ka sediments o ka Late Devonian, a kakahiaka nui Cretaceous.

Flowering mea kanu, a me angiosperms ikea mai 120-150 miliona makahiki aku nei, ma ka mokuna o ka Canyon, a Cretaceous (Mesozoic au) a me ka wikiwiki loaa i ka Hoʻohakuʻoihana ma luna o ka Honua. Ua Ua manaoio aku i kā lākou poʻe mākua, he na gymnosperms kahiko.

Ke 'ano o ke? Ueo a me ke ola mauʻano a

Gymnosperms huina o ka hola 1000? Ueo a ianoiyuaa a? Ueony ma ka ano. Other lālā o keia pae i kēlā manaʻo i mea ole, a ua pinepine loaʻa ma paleontologists ma ka wāwahie palapala. ola palapala - evergreen lāʻau a me ka laau uuku, a me nā kumu waina redkovstrechaemye. Oihana gymnosperms poe ma kekahi mau papa:

1. Sagovnikovye: cycad palupalu, Stanger woolly, Boven listen'ōlelo.
2. Bennettitales Williamson nilsoniopteris (ihola ia i mea ole ka papa).
3. Gnetalians: Ephedra horsetail, velivichiya mirabilis.
4. Ginkgo: Ginkgo biloba.
5. Conifers: spruce, kaʻa, tidara, lāʻau iunipera, lāʻau kedera, a me na mea e ae.

Ālai 'oi' ano - kēia mea kā nā angiosperms mai gymnosperms. Angiosperms, aia nō ma kahi o 300 tausani? Ueo -. More ma mua o ka hapalua o nā mea kanu a pau o ka Honua. Lakou nei ma ke ano o ka laau, laau uuku, perennial a me ka makahiki mauʻu wanawana, kumu waina. Ko lakou Mea Maluna ka loa e lauwili, a eiiieaen, oia hoi:

• Papa Monocots:

mau ohana:

Mānoanoa ko: rai, ota, hua palaoa, a me na mea e ae.

Liliaceae: lilia, tulip, kālika, onions, etc.

• Papa Dicotyledons:

mau ohana:

Solanaceae: uala, paka, solanum, Datura, Hyoscyamus listen'ōlelo.

Asteraceae: pua nānālā, mugwort, dandelion, Ierusalema artichoke, a pela aku ..

Legumes: soybeans, chickpeas, peas, ka pī a me na mea e ae.

Cruciferous: cabbage, radish, radish, turnip, etc.

Rosaceae: Ala, ala, rowan, kamako iki listen'ōlelo.

reproductive nā loko

Ka papa likeʻole ma waena o angiosperms a me gymnosperms - hui, o ka moe nā'ōlelo. Ka mua pūʻulu mea he pua i loko o ka ovary i kuahene anoano (hua) ma hope o fertilization. Ua ninoieo o na stamens - ke kane ke keka nā loko, pistil - ka wahine moe hui, (mai ka mea e hoʻomōhala i ka hua), me ka corolla lobes, i ka wahi a me ka peduncle. Flower oko in shape, waihoʻoluʻu a me ke kala ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka mea kanu.

Ma gymnosperms keia kuleana pili i ua hana ia e kekahi mau ala e pakele ai - he popo palaoa i hiki e kane paha, he wahine, a ua hikiwawe hookolokoloiaʻi e au, ma kona nui. Ua mea ma luna o kona mau unahi ovules hoʻomōhala, a me a laila i hanaʻia i ka hua.

fertilization

Ke kaʻina hana o ka fertilization - o ke ki, oko mai gymnosperms angiosperms. Ma gymnosperms mea he mea. Ke pollen mauʻeke gradual maturation o ka pollen mānoanoa, a i laila laila 'ai i ka wahine gametophyte. Kekahi sperm (kane gamete) impregnates wale he hookahi hua manu, i kau ai i ka hua. Ke kaʻina puka mai ma ka megasporangia paha ovules.

I flowering ia lŘlŘ okoa. Eia ka mea, he papalua fertilization ka mea angiosperms oko mai gymnosperms. Pokole, i kēia kaʻina ua, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka Lūkiniʻepekema SG Navashin i ka 1898. Ua puka mai like penei: i ka loko o ke pollen mānoanoa ko germinate ovary mau sperm fertilizes kekahi hua mai i ka hua e hoʻomōhala ana i, ka lua - ke kikowaena halepaahao, e haawi ana ala endosperm - kokuaia mai e nā māhuaola i ka fetus.

fetal Education

Ma hope o fertilization, flowering mea kanu kuahene hua - He aha kekahi mau angiosperms mai gymnosperms. hua me ka hua ho okumu ia lŘlŘ loko o ka Hoʻololi 'ovary pā pōhaku. Akā, i kekahi manawa i loko o kona ho okumu komo perianth, stamens a me calyx, ia a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke 'ano o ka mea kanu. I keia manawa, i ka neʻeʻana o ka mea pōhaku a me ke aloha 'ona i loko o ka mea kanu ua kuhikuhi i ka hua i hiki deplete'ē aʻe nā'aʻaʻa. Hua, e like me ka? Ueo haku mele 'ana o nā angiosperms, wehewehe aku ma keʻano o nā' ano apau loa.

Gymnosperms angiosperms oko mai o ka nele o ka hua. Lākou mau hua e kau ma ke akea ma ka flake pele a me kekahi mea hoahu iho. Naʻe, ka mea, i kūikawā adaptations e ae haawi no lōʻihi mamao.

E lulu aku hoi

Ano O ka hua propagation - nui 'ole ke' oko mai gymnosperms angiosperms. Ka mua pūʻulu o keia mea ka wale ala - me ke kōkua o ka makani. Nolaila, e hoomakaukau na anoano me appendages, appendages a me ka membranous'ēheu-hoʻokino 'ole. Honua o ka lewa hiki hoi ke kaʻana like 'ana i na hua he nui ma mamao ma mua o ua hoʻolako' ia e? Anoe? O ka wahi o ka laau.

Ma angiosperms aoao e hohola iho la i ka hua e nui like. Kēia ka hana a me ke kōkua o ka makani, nā mea kolo, manu, mammals, a me kanaka. Kekahi mau hua e slinging a me ka ulu o ke e hiki hoʻopili i ke kapa a me ka holoholona für, a no laila, e hele lōʻihi mamao. He nui nā hua i ka meaʻala juicyʻiʻo pepa, edible i kānaka a me nā holoholona, a no hoi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka puunaue ana o na anoano.

Ka 'ole o ka mea e mālama nei i nā'aʻaʻa

Ka mea o ka conduction'ōnaehana - ka mea okoa, mai na gymnosperms angiosperms. Ma mua kanu i ka neʻeʻana o ka wai a me ka māhuaola i na nā'aʻaʻa mea ole, pili. Ke kinowai neʻe aku i lohi ma tracheids - puha paipu me ka manoanoa pā pōhaku, a woody perforated baffles. Ka mea, i kekahi hapa o ka xylem, a i ka hala loa i luna loli pele - mai aʻa i ka lau. Tracheids i maopopo i nanaia ka wā i nānā aku ia ma lalo o ka microscope.

Conduction nenoaiu o na angiosperms Ua oi hemolele. Kēia mau mea kanu i lilo iho i loko o na moku tracheids. He He lōʻihi loa Tube (kekahi mau kumu waina, ka mea hiki umi o mika), ma a ka hoʻokāʻoi 'loli pele a me ka mahuaola. Kēia hiʻona ka poʻea pau i ke kūkuluʻana i ka oiʻeleu papa o na mea he nui nui physiological keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka laau: i ke kahua o ka chlorophyll, kāʻamaʻai, ka hanu.

evolutionary pono

Gymnosperms nei ma ka Honua nui hou ma mua o angiosperms. Akā, manaʻo huhū keia, ka mea, ua i loaʻa i nā ana o? Ueo a me nā 'ano apau loa nona i kaikaina flowering mea kanu. He aha ka ka okoa angiosperms mai gymnosperms? He aha pono i ae ia e lawe i ka Hoʻohakuʻoihana i loko o ka mea kanu ao o ka Honua? Aia nō kekahi mau minute i i hoʻokino ia, oia hoi:

• i ke ano o ka pua uʻi i nā mea kolo, e 'ae' mea kanu, e hoomahuahua i ka manawa o ka pollination;
• pollinatingʻano o ke koho;
• ovary ovule i malama i ka poho;
• palua fertilization mau hiʻohiʻona nō ka embryo o ka hua, e kiʻi lawa ai no ko lakou ulu ana;
• juicy hua i nā maluhia aia i loko o ka hua;
• aoao e hoonui hua o ka makana;
• 'ano o ke ola ano (laau, he mauu, ka nalu) e leie aku oe i hoolahaia'ku [na kanaka i ka nui? aneeo niches;
• vascular'ōnaehana ua hooikaika aku la i na moku e haʻalele no he nui nui physiological keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke kanu meaola.

Kaʻokoʻa. pōkole hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

No laila, i mea okoa, mai na gymnosperms angiosperms? Komoʻokoʻa o nā pūʻulu i hōʻike 'ia i loko o Table.

I waho ma ka evolutionary ala, i na mea maalea, e like me ka hoomalu ana o ka hua, papalua fertilization, pollination ma nā mea kolo, e like me hou holomua conduction'ōnaehana ae angiosperms kūlana 'he Hoʻohakuʻoihana i loko o ke ao nei i loko o ke ao nei flora.