Akamai: IQ ma IQ ho'āʻo ma

Ka manaʻo o "manao ololi" hoʻolauna i ke Kelemānia psychologist Uilyam Shtern. He hoʻohana IQ me ka inoa pōkole no ka makahiki Intelligenz-puu hapa - IQ. IQ ua he manual loaa ma luna o ke kumu o ka helu o ke ana hōʻike ho'āʻo ai i mālama 'ia ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ka psychologist ma ka mea e hooholo i ka nui o ke akamai.

Paionia 'manao noiʻi

Initially, kanalua iho la psychologists i ke kanaka manao ke e, o ka oi pololei ana. Oiai ka hoihoi i loko o ke ana ana i manao hoi na tausani o ka makahiki, i ka mua IQ hoao ikea wale nei. I ka 1904, ka Palani aupuni noi psychologist Alfred Binet e kōkua hooholo i nā haumāna a pau, aolie e 'ike hihia i loko o ke kula. Ka pono, e hookupaa aku i ka manao kula malaila, a pau lakou i hiki ke loaa ka haʻahaʻa iniiaiie hoʻonaʻauao. Binet noi i ka colleague Theodore Simona, e kōkua iā ia, e hana i kekahi hōʻike i makemakeʻeleu i mea hiki nīnūnē: hoomanao ana, maliu a me ka pilikia-Hoʻoponopono 'ia - na mea i na keiki mai ole aʻo i loko o ke kula. Kekahi pane i oi luna 'nīnūnē ma mua o ko lākou mau makahiki pae, a laila, ma muli o observational ikepili, ua kēia manawa i ka panina manaʻo o ka noʻonoʻo' elemakule. I ka hopena o ka hana ana o psychologists - i ka pālākiō o ka Binet - Simona - ua ka mua ana hōʻike IQ-hōʻike.

Ma ka 1916, he psychologist ma Stanford University Lyuis Terman hakuloli me ka unahiʻole Bine - Simona no ka hoʻohana ma o ka United States. Ke Hoʻololi 'ho'āʻo ua kapaia "manao me ka unahiʻole Stanford - Binet," a no kekahi mau makahiki ua lilo i ka maʻamau hoao o ke akamai ikea ai i loko o ka United States. Na Stanford - Binet o ia ho i kanaka hualoaʻa, e hoʻohana i ka helu, i ike i ka IQ - manao puu hapa.

Pehea e hoʻomaulia i ka intellect?

IQ initially hoʻoholo ma ka māheleʻana i ka noʻonoʻo makahiki o ke kanaka, e lawe i ka hoao, ma o kona chronological makahiki, a hoonui i ka puu hapa ka 100. Hekikai no i ka olelo, e hana (a 'oi) keiki wale no. No ka laʻana, he keiki a me ka noʻonoʻo makahiki o 13,2 makahiki a me ka chronological makahiki o ka 10 i ka 132 IQ, a i nā kānaka apau, e hui i ka Mensa (13,2 ÷ 10 m 100 = 132).

Iloko o ka First World War, kekahi mau ho'āʻo ma no ke koho ana i ka mea hou Hokoana i? Ac? I loko o ka United States Army, e pono no kūikawā ano o ka hana. Army ho'āʻo "Alpha" i palapala, a me ka "Hoʻokolohua" Ua paa no ka illiterate mau.

Keia a me nā IQ ho'āʻo mea i hoʻohana e nānā no ka hou nā meaʻeʻe moku hiki ana ma ka United States me Ellis Island. Lākou i nā hualoaʻa i hoʻohana 'ia no ka Ioi o generalizations wahahee e pili ana i ka "surprisingly haahaa manao" o nā meaʻeʻe moku mai ka hema' Eulopa, a me ka poe Iudaio. Mau hualoaʻa ma ka 1920 alakai aku ana i nā noi "racially kūpaʻa" psychologist Goddard a me nā Ahaolelo Lahui e hoʻokō i kapu ma immigration. I loko nō o ka mea i nā ho'āʻo ma i mālama 'ia wale nō ma ka' ōlelo Pelekānia, akā, e i maopopo i ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o nā meaʻeʻe moku ia, ka United States aupuni deported nui na tausani o ka maikai kanaka, ka poe i ua 'ae' ia e like me "ukele o" a me "undesirable". A me ka mea hiki i kaʻumi makahiki mua Nazi Kelemania, ka hoʻomaka 'ana e kamailio e pili ana i eugenics.

Psychologist Devid Veksler ua olioli ole, ma kona manao, i kaupalena 'ia e ho'āʻo ai o Stanford - Binet. Ke kumu nui no keia i ka mea wale nō manual, i kona kākauʻana ma ka manawa kali, a me ka mea i ka hoao ana i 'ia ua hōʻike hewa i na keiki, a me ka mea no ia mea, e pono no nā mākua. E like me ka hopena, oiai na 1930s, Wexler ua ulu ka hou hōʻike, a i ikeia ma ka Wechsler manao me ka unahiʻole - Bellevue. A laila, i hoʻoponopono i ka hoao ana, a lilo aku ia me ka Wechsler manao pālākiō no nā mākua, a me WAIS. Ma kahi o ka hoʻokahi nohona ma helu, ho'āʻo e pili ana i ka pono kiʻi o ka ikaika a me ka nawaliwali o ka hōʻike. Kekahi pomaikai o keia kokoke loa i kahi o ia mea i hoakaka pono ike. No ka laʻana, kiʻekiʻeʻai i loko o kekahi mau wahi, a haahaa ma ka 'ē aʻe hōʻike i ke alo o ka papa hoʻonaʻauao ke kino kīnā.

WAIS i ka mua oʻu ho'āʻo o ka psychologist Roberta Vekslera, a me WISC (Wechsler manao pālākiō no Children) a me ka Wechsler manao me ka unahiʻole kamaliʻi (WPPSI) i? Ac? Hope. Makua mana ua mai ua hooponopono hou la ekolu kulou ana: WAIS-R (1981), WAIS III (1997), a ma ka 2008 WAIS-IV.

Haʻalele ho'āʻo ma ka nānā 'ana ma luna o chronological makahiki a me ka noʻonoʻo' unahi a me ka hae, e like me ka ka ina me ka Stanford - Binet, a pau wale nō o ka WAIS i ho omaulia ma ke kapakai a i ka hopena o ka hoao ana kanaka me kaʻikepili mai nā kanaka o ka hookahi makahiki pae. Ka IQ (a puni ke ao nei) mea ua lilo 100 puan me 2/3 hualoaʻa ma ka laulā "maʻamau" mai ka 85 a hiki i 115. Na WAIS kūmau i ka hae ma ka hoao i ka IQ, a no ia mea hoʻohana Eysenck ho'āʻo a me Stanford - Binet, koe nae ua maʻamau haiahū kūmau ia mea,ʻaʻole 15, a me 16. ka hoʻokolohua Cattell haiahū kūmau mea 23,8 - ua make pinepine haawi i ka loa malimali i ka IQ, i hiki ke komo i ka uninformed kanaka iʻauwana ai.

High IQ - kiʻekiʻe akamai?

IQ i ka manawaleʻa iā hoʻoholo hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi e ho'āʻo ai i hoolako i ka ai iiiaanoaa o psychologists maikaʻi kēia' ike. He nui no ia i ka awelika heluʻai i kākau i ka pae ana o 145-150, a me ka piha huahelu - ma waena o 120 a me 190. At 120 ho'āʻo nā hualoaʻa ma lalo nei i manao ai, a ua oi aku mamua o 190 puan ka loa paʻakikī e interpolate, naʻe he mea hiki.

Paul Kooijmans o ka Netherlands noʻonoʻo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka IQ-ho'āʻo ka luna huahelu, a me ia mea i ka mea nāna i hana o ka loa a me ka palapala e Classic hoao o kēiaʻano. He i hoʻokumu a ua lawelawe ia e ka poe Naha Pōhaku kiʻekiʻe IQ:. «Glia", "Giga" a me ka "Hemolele Grail" Mawaena o ka loa a me ka ike kaulana ho'āʻo Kooijmans - ". Mau-koho ho'āʻo Kooijmans" "hoao ana o ke ano akamai", "Nemesis ho'āʻo" a me ka Alo, keiki a me ka komo Paula mea he pono, ia mea he integral hapa o ka uhane o ultrahigh IQ ho'āʻo a me ka noho 'ana me ka a pau. Other Classic guru ho'āʻo ma kiʻekiʻe akamai - Ron Hoeflin Robert Lato, Loran Dyubua, Mislav Predavets a me Dzhonaton Uay.

Aia mauʻano o ka noʻonoʻo nō, i hoike mai ai ia lakou iho okoa ma kekahi mau pae. People iʻokoʻa nā mākau a me ka pae o ka manao: ia hoʻi, hae, māhele, mea manaʻo, makemakika. Akā, he mea iʻano likeʻole o ka hoike ana - ka Logical, kīloi paʻewa, nń, laina, divergent, a me ka hoʻoulu a me ka ano akamai.

Hae, a kiekie ae IQ ho'āʻo hōʻike he mau ololi o ke akamai; akā, he kiʻekiʻe-ilikai e ho'āʻo ai, ka mea, ua nānā 'ia ma nāʻaoʻao.

Pinepine ka mea, kamailio e pili ana kiʻekiʻe IQʻai, i ka poe i kaheaia IQ geniuses, akā, ua maoli ho i mau nui, a pehea e noae i? He aha IQ nā heluʻai mea he hoailona ia o ke ano akamai?

• IQ High - o kekahi manual ma luna 140.
• Ano akamai IQ - oi ma mua o 160.
• Ke ano akamai nui - pane lākiō lākou, a aku i 200 ka papa.

High IQ mea pololei nā i ka pomaikai ma ke kula, akā, inā e loaʻa ka hopena ma luna o ka pomaikai i ke ola i loko o kekahi mau? Pehea ano akamai luckier kanaka me ka haʻahaʻa IQ? Kekahi poe akamai i manaoio e, like me nā aʻe, me ka mea naʻau akamai, IQ i emi nui.

A hālāwai hope o ka IQʻai

No laila, pehea e like i ka hoohalike ana IQʻai? Ka IQ-ho'āʻo nā heluʻai o 100. 68% o ka hopena o ka IQ-ho'āʻo hina i loko o ka maʻamau haiahū kūmau, mai ka 'O ia hoʻi. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka hapanui kanaka ka IQ mea ma waena o 85 a me 115.

• Up i 24 points: walaau ole dementia.
• 25-39 points: loa noʻonoʻo kīnā o ke kino.
• 40-54 points: lōpū dementia.
• 55-69 points: mehana noʻonoʻo kīnā o ke kino.
• 70-84 points: Borderline ka noʻonoʻo 'kāna hana.
• 85-114 points: awelika akamai.
• 115-129 points: ma luna o kaʻawelike.
• 130-144 points: lōpū tālena.
• 145-159 points: kiʻekiʻe tālena.
• 160-179 points: o ke koa ia i ka manawaleʻa.
• oi aku 179 points: he hohonu tālena.

He aha ka IQ?

I ka olelo e pili ana i manao ho'āʻo ai i kanaka, e kapa ia IQ "omaka o ka giftedness." He aha e mea, ko loko o ka loiloi 'ana o IQ? E ike keia, ia mea pono mua e maopopo i ka hoao me ka a pau.

I kēia mau ho'āʻo ma, e hooholo i ke kaʻi lau waiwai o ke akamai, uaʻano nui ma muli o ka palapala ho'āʻo hoʻomohala i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 1900s ma ka Palani psychologist Alfred Binet e kuhikuhi i nā haumāna, ka poe e pono keu kōkua.

Ma muli o kā lākou noiʻi Binet hoʻomohala i ka manaʻo o ka noʻonoʻo 'elemakule. Children o kekahi mau makahiki, pūʻulu, e pane koke aku i ka ninau i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO haawi pane i mua keiki - me ka Luna Nui noʻonoʻo makahiki chronological. Binet IQ ana ma muli o kaʻawelike nā mea hiki o nā mamo o ka kekahi makahiki pae.

IQ-e ho'āʻo ai i ke hoʻololi e ana i kekahi kanaka i ka hana e hoʻoponopono i pilikia a me kumu. Ka loiloi o ke akamai puu hapa o ke ana o ka lawe lima a me ka crystallized akamai. Helu hōʻike pehea ka hoao ana hoʻohālikelike me na nā kanaka i loko o kēia mau makahiki pae Ua maikaʻi hooholoia.

naʻauao IQ

Hoi o ka makana o ka IQ koho mākou ke pane Krivoy Bella - bele-hālawa piko a hoʻopili like ai i ka nui helu o ka hōʻike i nā hualoaʻa. Ka bele Ua laila kuʻu iho ma luna o kēlāʻaoʻao - ma kekahiʻaoʻaoʻai i lalo o ka awelika, a ma ka 'ē aʻe - kiʻekiʻe.

Ka awelike waiwai , ke'ōlelo mai lākou, me ka awelika manual, pōpilikia ma ka pepa a pau na hopena a me ka mahele ana ma ka huina helu o ka papa.

Maʻamau haiahū kūmau mea he ana o variability i loko o ka heluna kanaka. A haʻahaʻa maʻamau haiahū kūmau Hōʻike i ka hapanui o ka ikepili kumu, ua kokoke loa i ka mea ia cia. Ke kiʻekiʻe maʻamau haiahū kūmau Hōʻike i ka ikepili nui i nui wehe 'ia mai ka' O ia hoʻi. I hoao i ka IQ maʻamau haiahū kūmau 15.

IQ, piʻi pū

Me kēlā me kēia hanauna o ka IQ, piʻi pū. O kŰia ua kapaia ka Flynn kanawai, i kapaʻia ma hope o kaʻImi Loa Jim Flynn. Mai 1930, ka wā ana hōʻike e ho'āʻo ai e hoʻomano hoʻohana ', ua hoʻomaopopo i ka napoo a me ka nui mahuahua ma ka ho'āʻoʻai i loko o loiloi' ana ma o nā kanaka a puni ka honua noiʻi. Flynn'ōlelo i kēia mahuahua ka aie i ka hana o ko mākou hiki i ka hoʻoponopono pilikia, manaʻo abstractly, a me ka hana kūpili.

E like me ka Flynn, ka hope hanauna e ua hanaʻano nui me ka pōhaku puna a me kekahi 'pilikia o ko lākou koke' ia, me ke kālā no kanaka manaʻo nui e pili ana i Hōʻuluʻulu a me ka mea hypothetical wahi, i hiki. 'Aʻole wale nō ia, akā, na ke hoʻokokoke mai, e ao ana no ka 75 makahiki i hala iho nei ua loli dramatically, a me ka nui a me ka nui kanaka hoʻoili, e like me ka rula, noʻonoʻo hana.

He aha e ho'āʻo ai ana?

IQ ho'āʻo ma loiloi i ke kūpili, māhele manaʻo, waha a me ka Logical manaʻo a me ka pilikia makapō nā mea hiki. Ua i manao e hoakaka i ka ike i loko o kekahi kumuhana mau mea, me ka hoao no ka akamai mea,ʻaʻole mea e hiki ke aoia i mea e hoʻoikaika 'ana i kāu heluʻai. Akā, i kēia mau ho'āʻo ma Loiloi i ka hiki ke hoʻohana kūpili e ke hoʻoponopono pilikia, hoʻomaopopo lauana a koke e pili 'o Randy ma waena o kekahi' ike.

ʻOiai e hiki pinepine lohe i ka poʻokela personalities e like me Albert Einstein a me Stiven Hoking, i ka IQ, o ka 160 a oi aku, a me kekahi mau koho pelekikena moho i kekahi o ka IQ, i ka helu i pono koho. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia aohe mea i hōʻike i kēia mau kanaka kaulana loa hala kekahi ana hōʻike IQ-ho'āʻo a me ka nui kumakaia ana aku i kona hualoaʻa lehulehu.

No ke aha la e ka awelika manual ka 100?

Psychometrician ke hoʻohana i ke kaʻina hana i kapa ia kūlanaʻano, e hoohalike a me ke ano o na loina o nā kumu i IQ. Kēia kaʻina ua hana ma ka hoao ana ma luna o ka 'elele hāpana ka hoʻohana' ana i nā hualoaʻa e hana i kekahi hae a me ka nohona kanaka ma i, e hoohalike kanaka loiloi. Mai ka awelike manual ka 100, 'Oihana hiki koke hoohalike kanaka ka loiloi' ana me ka awelika, e ike ai i ko ka mea, hāʻule i loko o maʻamau o ka makana.

Mea Maluna nenoai e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai kekahi hoʻopuka i kekahi, eia nae na mea he nui kamaʻilioʻana, e hahai i ka ia'ōnaehana loiloi. No ka laʻana, ma ka pālākiō o ka Wechsler mākua manao ho'āʻo a me ka Stanford - Binetʻai i loko o ka laulā o 85-115 i manaoia e e "ʻawelike".

He aha kēia nui loiloi i nā ho'āʻo ma?

E ho'āʻo ai i ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka IQ ke hoʻololi e ana crystallized manao a me ka lawe lima. Crystallized nā i ka ike a me ka mākau loaa ma ko lakou mau ola, a me ka lawe lima - ka hiki i kona noonoo, ke hoʻoponopono pilikia, a e ano o Hōʻuluʻulu 'ike.

Hoʻoneʻe manao ua manaoia kuokoa o ke aʻo a me ka mālama i ka emi ma ka adulthood. Crystallized like 'ana e pili ana i ke aʻo a me ka hoao ana, a mau e māhuahua ma luna o ka manawa.

Hoao ana no ka akamai ua lawelawe 'ia e ae ia psychologists. Aia i nāʻano o nā ho'āʻo ma, he nui o ka i Komo i ka helu o ka subtests ke hoʻololi i ka loiloi i makemakika nā mākau, 'ōlelo mākau, hoomanao, nā mākau, i hooakaka ai a me ka mämä holo o ka' ike aaioee. Lākou i nā hualoaʻa i laila, hui e hana i ka huina heluʻai o IQ.

He nui e hoailona oukou ia ia, naʻe pinepine kamailio e pili ana i kaʻawelike haʻahaʻa, a me ka IQ o ke ano akamai, he hookahi ho'āʻo ma ka nui o ke akamai, aole ia e nei. I këia lä hana i kekahiʻano o nā ho'āʻo ma, hoʻohui pū Stanford - .. Binet manao me ka unahiʻole nā mākua Wexler ho'āʻo Eysenck a me ka ho'āʻo ma o cognitive nā mea hiki Woodcock - Johnson. mea okoa kēlā me kēia o ia i loko o ia mea, mea, a pehea ia ua auhau, a pehea nā hualoaʻa i ka hoohalike ana.

He aha ka mea i manaoia he haʻahaʻa IQ?

Ke IQ, Ua like ia paha malalo o 70 heluʻai, ua noʻonoʻo haʻahaʻa. I ka hala, e like me he kaʻi lau waiwai o ke akamai ua noʻonoʻo i ka benchmark no ka noʻonoʻo retardation, 'imi naʻauao kīnā wehewehe aku ma ka nui cognitive hoʻopilikia.

I kēia lā, nae, o ka IQ iho ua i hoʻohana 'ia no kaʻike, o ka' imi naʻauao hiki. Akā, i ke ana o kaʻike, mea haʻahaʻa IQ e hōʻike i kēia mau cognitive hoʻokau 'ola i loko o ka makahiki o ka makahiki 18, a komo elua a oi adaptive mau mea, e like me ke kamaʻilio a me ka hoʻoponopono-ke kōkua.

About 2.2% o nā kanaka i ka IQ manual ma lalo 70.

A heaha ka mea i olelo mai - e i ka awelika IQ?

IQ ilikai hiki ia i ka maikai nui anakahi o ka hiki i kona noonoo, a ke hoʻoponopono pilikia, akā, he nui psychologists i? Aaeaaaaony i nā ho'āʻo ma mai i hōʻike i ka pau oiaio.

Mawaena o ka mea mau i ka mea hiki ole ke anaia - mea hiki nā mākau a me na talena. A kanaka me ka awelika IQ hiki ia he mele nui, he pena, he mea hoolea a me ka mechanic. Psychologist Howard Gardner hoʻomohala i ka kumumanaʻo o ka lau akamai a, ke hoʻololi i ka hemahema i keia shortcoming.

Eia hou, i ka noiʻi i loaʻa ia IQ ke hoʻololi no manawa. A like o adolescents me ka 'imi naʻauao nahā o 4 makahiki i lele aku i nā hualoaʻa, na loina o ka a pēlā nō ma ka 20 heluʻai.

IQ ho'āʻo ma no hoi, mai hai aku i ka loiloi 'ana o ka lanakila, a pehea pono i ke kanaka ka hoomaopopo na Emotions a nona ia. Kekahi poe akamai, a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo Daniel Goleman paipai i ka mea naʻau akamai (EQ) i eʻoi aku kona nui ma mua o IQ. I ka noiʻi i loaʻa i ka IQ kiʻekiʻe maoli ke kanaka i loko o nā hana o ke ola kōkua, akā, he kumu hoʻomalu o ka pomaikai i loko o ke ola hana ole.

No laila hopohopo e pili ana i nalowale i ke ano akamai mea i pono, mai ka mea uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o nā poʻe i ole geniuses. E like me ka nui kiʻekiʻe o IQ, aole ia i kumu hoʻomalu pomaikai, meakino a haahaa IQ 'aʻole i kumu hoʻomalu ole paha mediocrity. Other aʻe, e like me ka hana hana, perseverance, manaopaa, a me ka nui e pili ana i nui māhele o ka Puzzle.