Aliʻi a me ko na'lii o ka kahiko Rus i loko o ke au o ka disunity

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka Haku o Kiev Yaroslava Mudrogo i ka 1054 ma Rusia ua hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ka palaho ma mua o ka hookahi moku'āina. Similar hanana i wahi i loko o WesternʻEulopa. Ua ua he nui ka welelau o ka feudal Middle Ages. Ua, Rusia ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau de Ka facto kuokoa ko na'lii, a me na mooolelo, moʻomeheu, a me ka Rurik aliʻi. Ua hoomaka iho la i ka 1132, ka wā i make ai Mstislav Veliky nui no ke aupuni. Ia mea i ka lā o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hope kakaolelo manaoio i kaʻikena kālai'āina fragmentation. Ma keia wahi, Rusia mau ae la ia a hiki i ka waena o ka XIII kenekulia, ka wā e hoano e i ke kaua o Mongol-Tatar hao wale.

Kiev aina

Over o ka makahiki, ua māheleʻia ka na'lii o ka wa kahiko Rusia, merged, hoʻololi i na rula o na lala o ka Rurik i nohoaliʻi ai , a no laila, ma luna o. D. naʻe, ma naʻe o ka huikau o kēia mau hanana, loaʻa nō kekahi mau kī'āpana, i hoʻokani i ke kūlanaʻano nui i loko o ke ola o ka aina. A hiki ma hope o ka mea maoli'opi o ka Mai de jure ka mea i manaoia he papa kiʻekiʻe Prince o Kiev.

Hooponopono o ka "makuahine o Lūkini kūlanakauhale" ho'āʻo e hookupaa aku i kekahiʻano o kekahi luna. No ia mea, ina o ka fiefdoms o kahiko Rusia i kā lākou mau hereditaryʻana, ka Kiev loa pinepine i hala mai ka lima a he lima. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Mstislav Vladimirovich i ka 1132 ua lilo ke kūlanakauhale i ka waiwai pokole Chernigov Rurik. Ua i i hoopii lālā 'ē aʻe o ka mamo aliʻi. No ka mea, o ka kaua hookuku Kiev papani iho la i mua e hooponopono Pereyaslav, Turov a me Vladimir-Volyn na'lii, a laila, (i ka 1169), a ma nā mea a pau i looted koa Andreya Bogolyubskogo, a mahope lilo kona manaʻo nui kālai'āina.

Chernihiv

Fiefdoms o kahiko Rusia ma ka aina Chernigov no a hiki i na mamo a Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych. Ka mea, ua lōʻihi ia i kue me Kiev. Chernihivʻana no kekahi mau makahiki, ua māheleʻia i loko o kona mau lala elua: na mamo o Oleg a me Davidovich. Me kela a me keia hanauna kolohe 'oi hou fiefdoms,? Inoaia mai Chernigov (Sivers'k-Novgorod, Bryanskoye, Kurskoe a me ka' ole. D.).

Ka loa ma ko luna o kēia māhele 'āina kakaolelo manaoio Svyatoslava Olgovicha. He ua he Ally o Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Me kā lākou Ally ahaaina ma Moscow i ka 1147 ia hoʻomaka hoopaaiaʻoihana aliʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini kulanakauhale alii. A hiki i ka Duchy o kahiko Rusia hui i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Mongolsʻikeʻia i loko o ka hikina, ka mea i ho'ākāka 'na'lii Chernigov aina i me ke koena o Ruric, a luku aku i ka Kalka River. Kaua o ka hehi i loli i na'lii a pau, a me ka wale kona hikina hapa. Aka hoi, e hooiaioia ia iho he pio e no ke Gula iā Goga (ma hope o ke ola make Michael o Chernigov). Ma ka XIV kenekulia Chernihiv pu me ka helu o ke kokoke kūlanakauhale i hoohui ia Lithuania.

Polotsk Māhele '

Polotsk alii iho la oia Izyaslavich (mamo Iziaslav V.). Keia lala o ka Rurik ku mai ma mua o ka 'ē aʻe. Eia hou, i ka mua Polotsk hoomaka makaukau i paio no ka kuokoa mai Kiev i. Ka hoʻomaka me ia i ka kaua hiki ma ka hoʻomaka o ke XI kenekulia.

Like ka mea'ē aʻe ko na'lii, a kahiko Rus i loko o ke au o ka fragmentation, Polotsk e ho'ōla Wāwahi i loko o kekahi mau mea uuku ko na'lii, (Vitebsk, Minsk, Drutskiy I T. D.). Kekahi o kēia mau kūlanakauhale, e like me ka hopena o ke kaua a me ka dynastic mare hala i Smolensk Rurikovich. Akā, me ka noho pilikia loa ia nei hoa paio o Polotsk, i lana ai, he Lithuanians. Initially, ka Baltic ohana o ke kahua predatory kaua ma Lūkini aina. Alaila, nee aku la lakou ia ia i ka mea i waiwai ai. I ka 1307 Polotsk hope lilo kekahi hapa o ka fledgling Lituania mana.

Volyn

Ma ka Volyn māhele (komohana hema o keia-lā Ukraine) e hoomaopopo mau nui pili aupuni mawaena konu - Vladimir-Volyn a me Galich. Ma hope o lilo kūʻokoʻa mai Kiev, hoomaka ae la ke alii, e paʻi i kekahi i kekahi, no ke alakaʻi i loko o ka māhele 'āina. I ka pau ana o ka XII kenekulia Roma Mstislavovich hui mau kulanakauhale. Ua Ua kapaʻia ka na'lii o Galicia-Volyn. Ke ole o ka mō'ī ua ai nui loa i ka mea, hālau a kipaku i ka Crusaders mai Constantinople o ka Byzantine Emperor Alexios III.

Keiki Daniel Roma kaulana kona Pu o kona makua kāne i ka pomaikai. He ana kaua aku i na auamo, Hungarians a Mongols mai manawa i ka manawa e komo i loko o oia i kuikahi me kekahi, mai na hoalauna. I ka 1254 o Daniela a hiki i, mai ka Pope i ka inoa o ka Moi o Rusia, me ka manao e kōkua Western Europe i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka hehi. Ma hope o kona make ana, i ka Galicia-Volyn na'lii a hāʻule i loko o naniʻole. Ma mua, ka mea, ua maheleia i mau'āpana, a laila, i hoohui ia e Poland. Ke fragmentation o kahiko Rusia, ma ka na'lii a mau ma paʻewa i kekahi i kekahi, hooki i kona kaua ana i ka olelo hooweliweli mawaho.

Smolensk

Smolensk na'lii a aia i loko o ka Leeuwerikplein waena o Rusia. Ua lilo kuokoa wā ke keiki Mstislava Velikogo Rostislav. I ka pau ana o ka XII kenekulia hoomaka hou ka na'lii o ka wa kahiko Rusia paio he awaawa no Kiev. I ka papa kuhikuhiE contenders no ka mana i loko o ke kapikala kahiko o Smolensk, a Chernigov, he mau luna.

I ka luna o ka mana Rostislav mamo hiki ma Mstislav Romanovich. Ma 1214-1223 GG. ia i alii iho la oia i wale Smolensk, akā, Kiev. He kēia luna i ka initiator o ka mua antimongolskoyʻahahui i luku mai ai ma luna o ka Kalka. A laila Smolensk emi ma mua o na mea e aeʻeha i ke kaua. Aka hoi, me kona mau luna uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka Gula iā Goga. Ua na'lii a'uī ma waena o ho onui ana keiki Lithuania a me Moscow. Independence i loko o ia mau ana hiki ole i ua lōʻihi. E like me ka hopena, i ka 1404 o ka Lituania alii Vytautas Smolensk maoli pili i kona mau waiwai.

Outpost ma Eye

Ryazan na'lii a noho'āina i loko o ka Middle Oka. Ua ku mai, mai na aupuni a pau o Chernigov luna. I ka 1160-ies mai Ryazan uhai Moore. Mongol kaua painfully pepehi ma ka lihi. Noho, nā aliʻi, i maopopo i ko na'lii, a kahiko Rusia ka make māinoino posed ma ka Hawaiian komohewa. I ka 1237 i ka mua Russian Ryazan kulanakauhale i luku hehi e noho ana. I ka wā e hiki mai, ka na'lii e'āʻiliʻili ana me ka mana ulu o Moscow. No ka laʻana, ke kiaaina o Ryazan Oleg Ivanovich loa ia he hoa paio Dmitriya Donskogo. Ryazan i nā lilo aku lepo. Ua Ua hoohui ia e Moscow i ka 1521.

Novgorod Repubalika

hiki ole Historical ano o na alii o ka wa kahiko Rus e piha me ka hoohiki o ka Novgorod Repubalika. Kēia moku'āina ola e like me kona mau manaʻo politika a me ka pilina ana. Eia ka mea i hoʻokumu i aristocratic repubalika me ka ole ikaika o ka mahalo keena. Na luna i koho luna (ka mea i kono mai Lūkini aina'ē aʻe).

A like pili aupuni'ōnaehana Ua hoʻomohala ma Pskov, i kapaia o "ke kaikaina o Novgorod." Kēia mau kūlanakauhale mau lakou i ka ioauoa o ka lahui kuai. Ke hoʻohālikelike i nā Lūkini kālai'āina ioauoa ka mea, i ka loa hui 'ana me WesternʻEulopa. Ma hope o ka Baltic Huipuia i koa Hui monastic kauoha, ma waena o ka Naita, a Novgorod hoomaka mea kū'ē. Keia paio i kona climax i loko o ka 1240 o ka. Ua i laila, i ka Swedes a me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma ka huli luku Prince Alexander Nevsky. I ka aneane pau i ka mōʻaukala ala o ke kahiko Rusia a hiki i ka Luna Nui Duchy o Moscow, i haʻalele wale ka repubalika me Ivan III. He lanakila Novgorod i ka 1478.

Hikina ─kau Rusia

Ka mua pili ioauoa o ka North-hikina mai Rusia ma ka XI-XII kenekulia. he Rostov, Suzdal a me Vladimir. Ua alii i nā mamo o Monomakh a me kana keiki muli iho Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Na mau hope o ka makua kāne Andrew Bogolyubskii a me Vsevolod ka Big pūnana hoʻoikaika i ka mana o Vladimir na'lii, e hoolilo ana ia i ka nui a me ka ikaika i loko o ka hakina Rus.

Ka wā keiki Vsevolod Big Jack, hoomaka ae la ke kumu nui kivila kaua. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hōʻike mua fiefdoms. Akā,ʻo maoli poino i hele mai i loko o ka akau-hikina Rusia, pu me ka Mongols. Nomads Ua luku i kēia māhele 'āina, puhi nui o kona kulanakauhale. Iloko o ka Tartar ali rula ike Vladimir na luna kiʻekiʻe loa ma Rusia. Edit o ke kahua i ka poe i loaa i ka kupaianaha i 'ae'.

Ma ka paio no Vladimir līkaia mau houʻenemi: Tver a me Moscow. Ka piko o ko lākou confrontation hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka XIV kenekulia. Ma keia Competition ka uwa maila ua Moscow. Ua o kona poʻe aliʻi hui i ka North-hikina Rusia, hookahuli ae la i ka Mongol-Tatar auamo, a ho'ōla i hana mai i ka hoʻokahi Lūkini moku'āina (ka mua o kona alii ana ma 1547 lilo Ivan Grozny).