'amoniuma naikokene i loko o ka wai a me ka lepo

Biogenic hehee ai i ua kaumaha loa limahana ma ka biogidrotsenoza keʻano o ka hanaʻana -'amoniuma naikokene.

Na? Aneeo kulana home 'ole

Nā Reservoir ke malama loli ma ka maʻiʻo o ka hehee ai: e lilo emi mai o ka luawai, akā, i loko o ke kau, ma muli o ke 'ano wela ana, kona lehulehu ua me ka nui loa mahuahua no ka mea, massively decompose ke aloha' ona.

A ia dramatically e loli ai i ka hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke ano o ka wai kino, i poe koa e hōʻoi 'hooponopono maluna o ka viability o ke kaiaola. ʻO kā mākou ana lehulehu i loko o ka wai kino ma ka ia ua noʻonoʻo kekahi ma ka'amoniuma naikokene mea emi o 0,39 milligrams no hano.

I ka wai

Hui kumuʻiʻo naikokene ammonification hooleiiaʻi mawaho, a me kēia kaʻina decomposes i ka ammonia nā polokina moku'āina. Wao ka wai ua huikalaʻia e ke kumu o ka naikokene kahi, ina ka mea, i ke kumu o ka kalapona kino no na keena. Mālama nui ana ia lŘlŘ i ko lākou ulu pae, a me ka wā o ka'okesaside hoʻomaka, ammonia naikokene kuu i loko o ka palapala o ka ammonia. Eia, ka mea, ua oxidized i nitrites, a laila, nitrates moku'āina 'ole hou' ana, ua komo i loko o ka hou hoʻololi kemikala.

I mea e wehe'amoniuma naikokene, mai ka? Aieeeua, clinoptilolite ua hoʻohana 'ia, alaila, o ka wai e hooponopono i kona mea e like ai. E kau i ka hale kiai ma ka mehana wa pono, a ma ka hooilo e UAIAaIN ka mea, ma ka ion mail mea kanu, ma i nā palapala 'ona i wehe' ia mai ke wastewater. Mau paʻa assays, e lawe Eia kekahi laʻana ma ammonia naikokene i loko o ka wai, a ua puhi ia mai ka hāpana ia, a laila, ua hoʻoholo ka loaa distillate ma kona helu.

Pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka loko

Aia i loko o keʻano o ka ion launa like me nāʻano makelia, a ua kapaia o clinoptilolite (zeolite ka papa). A me kona kōkua, ia mea? Oaiua, e hoihoi i ka maemae o ka wai. Ammonia naikokene i loko o ka wai, ua ole loa ia ka pono, nolaila, pono mua e hookuu ia mai nā puaʻa hiwa kaulia ana a EII ni i ka wai, e klinoptilolitovye kānana laila. He He 'ano pipiʻi lapaʻau, akā, i ka loa ka hoʻokō - i ke kanaiwa-ehiku pakeneka.

E noho noi aku i ka hoike o ka paʻakai koloriside - he elima a umi pakeneka. E haawe laila, e pono e holoi ia me ka wai. Ka mea, e ku mai, mai ka pāʻoihana ammonia, a hiki ka hoʻokemuʻana i ka sulfuricʻakika e hana 'amoniuma sulphate, i ka loa maikai like me ka mea hoʻomomona. 'amoniuma naikokene i loko o ka wao ka wai, a me ka naikokene-i loaʻa ke aloha i huiʻia i wehe 'ia ma ka acee? Iuo oeiia o distillation, pōʻalo, adsorption.

Nā Papahana no ka hana mea hoʻomomona

Kēia iaoia He maikai ina oe e makemake, e hoakaka'amoniuma naikokene. Other ano a pau i loaʻa i loko o ka ia fertilizers, - amide, nitrate - mea hiki ole keia iaoia e nānā '. Mua ia mea e pono ke wehe i'amoniuma naikokene i loko o ka wao wai, e laʻa me, ia mahuahua. Kēia hana i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna. Next, pono e waiho i ka hāpana o ka wā e hiki mai mea hoʻomomona i loko o ka alabata, a me ka hookahe hydrochloricʻakika (molar lehulehu pono e - 0,05 Mol, no dm ^3). Ke alabata, naueue ae kūikawā i hoʻomākaukauʻia mea e pono ai ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hapalua o ka hora, alaila, he mea hiki i ka pahu i ka umikumamalima hola.

Ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana Ua laila, hou naueue a ua wae 'ia ma ka ohe Kānana maloo. Puka me hydrochloricʻakika holoi Kānana Contents ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ekolu manawa, a laila, e e lawe mai ai i ka loiloi muaʻakika pāʻoihana ka filtrate buke hou. Penei, mua, ka mea e paa ana ia manao paa o ka ammonia naikokene i loko o ka wai, a me ka lua - 'ike i ka nui o ka mea i loko o ka kūpono mea hoʻomomona. Ka hope papa koa mai kanaha i hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima milligrams no hano, a me ka caprolactam i loko o ka hookahi pāʻoihana he mai ka ewalu a hiki i kanawalu milligrams no hano. Inā ka maʻiʻo o ka ammonia naikokene - emi iho malalo o iwakalua milligrams, i ka hoao ana e ole e hiki, a me keia iaoia mea i pili.

kumu o ka haumia ea

Most ano hiʻona o ka hanalima neoneo wai - lolelua ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana, me ka makemake wā o ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hooulu ana o ka microflora, oi ke aloha i huiʻia o ka naikokene a me ka mea pōhaku kumu. Mamua o ka hana ana i liluwelo hoʻomaʻemaʻe i sewage lapaʻau kanu wastewater mea hui me a me ko ka hale ona, a pelaʻawelike o ka. Ammonia naikokene (haʻilula NH ₄₊₎ mea i koi 'ia ke keʻena o ka wastewater.

kumu o ka haumia ea i ia i ka wao wai keʻano o nā hana - mai ka ai a me ka ola i ka kila, Coke-Nine Inch, microbiological, Nine Inch a me ka petrochemical. Ua hoʻi i loaʻa i nā hale neoneo, manure, mahiʻai - mai ka mahinaʻai. E like me ka hopena o ke kūlana kumuʻiʻo waiwai a me ka urea, nitrates a me nitrites a anaerobically hoihoi hou ia.

Waiwai ma luna o ke kino

Ma ka kanaka kino kēia mau hui aloha loa negatively. Ammonia denatures nā polokina e komo ia i loko o ka naoh. A laila, na keena, a, nolaila, o ka meaola'aʻaʻa hooki hanu, aia no he lesion o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, akepaa, naehana hanu, o Nyos moku. Inā 'oe ke hoʻohana' ia ka pololei, ka wai me ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka'amoniuma poinoʻakika-kona'ākilikai kaulike, acidosis huli no.

No ia mea, ua hiki ole ae i ka lawe ana o luna ma mua o maʻamau a me ke aloha fertilizers ma ka aina ana, ua pono mau kaua i ka excessive ka maʻiʻo o nā palapala waiwai, e laʻa me,'amoniuma naikokene i loko o ka lepo mai ke kiʻekiʻe solubility, a no ia mea, i ka ai, a me ka wai e literallyʻapu kōheoheo ia, kona lehulehu pinepine hikiʻawahia pae. Pakahi aku la ia loli ana ma keia keiki. ? Ac? Aaioea methemoglobinemia, oxygen ma? Eia i loko o ke kino, mai hemo mai iho kokeʻoe, i ka mua hoʻomaka e hana eha iaʻi gastrointestinal'āpana.

mahele lāʻau palena

Sporadic methaemoglobinaemia maʻi hoʻomaka mua i ka maʻiʻo o nitrates i loko o ka wai a hiki i ke kanalima o ka milligrams no hano, a me ka wā o ka lehulehu kīnā kanaiwa-kumamalima milligrams no hano, ka maʻi i ka nunui. Ma ka United States, Palani, ka Netherlands, Germany lawe mai i ka piha ana, i hoike mai i ua loaʻa nui ma mua o kanalima milligrams o nitrate no hano i loko o kanalima pakeneka o ka hihia. Groundwater a me ka pono i ka wai i luna ma mua o ka palena o ka lehulehu o nitrates ōlaʻi i o ka manawa - i no he umikumamalima haneri milligrams no hano, oiai ka World Health Organization ua hoonoho i ke kali o kanaha-kumamalima milligrams. A o keia wai i kanaka inu!

A me ka wastewater ua malamaia lakou nei, i loko o ka helu o ka aoao - a liluwelo kānana, a me'okesaside o ka'okikene kolu, a me ka hypochlorites kona'ākilikai honua ke hooheheeia, a me ka aeration, a me ka sorption ma i hoʻohana zeolites ka paʻakai palapala, a me ka ion hoonohonoho hou kēpau, a kamaʻilio me alkalies ikaika, a me ka flotation a hoemiia'amoniuma mea hiki ke hooheheeia makanekiuma, a me ka pāʻoihana o ke trisodium posapahate me ka makanekiuma koloriside. Eia naʻe, 'ike loea hoomaemae ana i ka mea mau loa ma ke kua o ka haumia ea loea.

ka mahuaola

Ma maoli ka wai wailana kinoea (NH ₃₎ ammonia, ka wā he mea he biochemical decomposition o ke aloha i huiʻia, me ammonia a me ka naikokene. A laila, i ka hana a me ka hoʻonui 'ē aʻe i huiʻia - ka'amoniuma ion a me ka ammonia naikokene. Mea hoʻoheheʻe ammonia komo na Reservoir me ka lola honua a me kaʻilikai runoff, a me ka effluent, mai ke kimu. Inā i ka lehulehu o ka'amoniuma ion (NH ₄₊₎ aku i ke kāʻei kua waiwai, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi ka helehelena o ka hou kahi o ka haumia ea a me ka pili. Ua hiki e like holoholona aina a me he mau huhui o manure a me ka naikokene fertilizers unattended haalele i noho hana a me ka sewageʻaha hui uila.

A hui o ka naikokene, kalapona, phosphorus na ma ka wastewater komo i nā loko, i nui? Aneie poino o ka aneane nā wahi o Rusia. Wastewater lapaʻau lā ma ka lā lilo nui a me ka oi pili, mahope mai o ka lehulehu o pollutants, a me naikokene i huiʻia, pinepine pono palapala no. Ua loli aiʻAʻole wale i ka inu wai. Hoʻomaka koke loaa nitratesʻaneʻane nā hua a me ka lau, ka mea, i na i loko o ka mauu a me ka palaoa, a i ai ma ka holoholona.

Maʻiʻo o na wai o NH3 a me NH4

Reservoir mau hou hoʻololi 'ano apau loa pihaʻi me naikokene:'amoniuma paʻakai a me ka ammonia, albuminoid naikokene (aloha), nitrite (nitrousʻakika paakai) a me ka nitrate (nitricʻakika paakai). A pau keia ua hana pu me ka naikokene mineralization kaʻina hana, akā, increasingly lako me ka wastewater. Ano, e pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka loko iʻa. Hui naikokene hele mai e lapaau iauaeoia i loko o ka palapala o nitrate naikokene, nitrite naikokene, ammonia naikokene a me ka naikokene-e pili pū ana ke aloha i huiʻia. Wastewater hale kuka i ka haʻahaʻa lehulehu o ia mau waiwai, ka hapanui o na Reservoir hoouna hana.

Iloko o ka huikalaʻana i ka hū lākiō o na nā hoʻohui like o nāʻano o ka naikokene i huiʻia ua mau hoʻololi. Haku mele 'ana wastewater i kekahi manawa i amo, no ka urea na ma ka kulanakauhale a me ka hale wao wai, interacting me koʻohune, mahaeʻana a me kona mauʻano i'amoniuma ion. Ke Length o ka sewer pukapuka, i ka nui o ka kaʻina hana, e hele. I kekahi manawa, i ka maʻiʻo o ka'amoniuma Ion ma kahi e komo ai i ka, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kanalima milligrams no cubic decimeter, i mea nui, loa nui.

ke aloha naikokene

Ka naikokene, i ua haku o ke aloha waiwai - nā polokina, a proteids, polipepsidov (macromolecular i huiʻia),'amino nāʻakika, ureas (haʻahaʻa hakakino i huiʻia), amines, amides. All aloha, a me a me ka naikokene, komo i ka wao wai, ma hope a ka naikokene i huiʻia i ke kanaka me ka ammoniation. Ke aloha naikokene i loko o ka wastewater e na mea he nui, i kekahi manawa, i ka he kanahiku pakeneka o nā mea a pau i huiʻia naikokene. Akā, me he hualoaʻa ammoniation ma ke ala a hiki i ka sewage iapaau ana kanu mai ke aloha naikokene i oi aku umikumamalima pakeneka.

Eia ka mea, ua kekahi kanaka-i liluwelo lapaau. Ka mua ke kahua - nitrification, a laila e hoololi o ka naikokene i huiʻia ma muli o kekahi mauʻano o nā microorganisms i'amoniuma naikokene ua oxidized i nitrate ion a me nitrite ion. Nitrifying koʻohune ole e makau hiki - ka mea, e ia mawaho rula mau loa ikepili koʻikoʻi, a hiki wawe ka hoʻoneʻe. Akā, nitrates ina ka hāʻule i loko o ka? Aieeeua, e alakai ana i kona make ana, no ka mea, ua maikai loa? Aneii kumu no keʻano o ka microflora. Ia mea ke kumu o ka ke kaiaola o ka nitrates mea pono e haalele.

Nitrites a me nitrates

Inā ka wao wai, e komo iloko ma ka lepo, ke'amoniuma naikokene ma lalo o ka aoao o kekahi koʻohune ua mua hoohuliia i ka nitrite, a laila, i ka nitrate. Prevalence a me ka maʻiʻo o kekahi mau 'ano apau loa hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hana a i hoʻohuiʻia ma ka manawa o ka loaʻa' ana o ka naikokene hui makana i loko o ka lepo, a laila, i ke kino o ka wai.

I loko o ke kai a Kahinaliʻi nunui māhuahua ka lehulehu o ke aloha ano o kona no ka mea, ke aloha i koe i holoi aku, mai ka lepo ilikai, a ma ke kauwela i hoemiia nunui, no ka mea, o ka mea "ai" no keʻano o ka wai meaola. Nitrites - he waena ano o ka'amoniuma'okesaside, piʻi wale i ka lilo nitrates. Ma maoli wai, nitrate mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ole nui, ina e hiki mai flushing o fertilizers mai na kula.