ATP hoʻololi kemikala: hiʻona o kēia kaʻina

Ikehu pūnao, i lawe wahi i loko o nā mea a pau keena o ka meaola ola, kapa dissimilation. He He ohi no decomposition reactions o ke aloha i huiʻia, ma ka a i kekahi dala o ka ikehu ua hookuu.

Dissimilation i wahi i loko o elua a ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka laha 'o ola meaola. Pela, ma aerobic ikehu pūnao ninoieo no e hoomakaukau ai, anoxic a me ka oxygen kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ma anaerobes (meaola i ka mea hiki ke functioning i loko o ka oxygen ma-noa 'ia) dissimilation' aʻole i koi i ka hope ke kahua.

Ka hope mua i loko o ka ikehu pūnao aerobes welau a ke hoʻokō 'ia ka'okesaside. A pau keia cleavage o ka monakō koko nā lātoma me ke kahua ikehu, i ka hapa i loko o ke kahua o ATP.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka ATP hoʻololi kemikala ia lŘlŘ ma ke kaʻina hana o ka phosphorylation ka wā ADP ua pili i ka'okanikaʻole posapahate. Pela adenosine triphosphate ua synthesized ma mitochondria pili i ATP synthase.

He aha naoh i wahi i ka ho okumu ana o ka mana e pili ana?

Adenosine a me ka posapahate hui pu iho la i ka hana ATP a me ka ikehu paa, a ua hoolilo ia ma ke kahua o kahi o 30,6 kJ / Mol. ATP hoʻolako i ka ikehu keena, oiai, he nui na dala o ia mea ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i hydrolysis ka ikehu-waiwai ATP paa.

Hakakino mīkini, i mea kuleana no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ATP mea maopopo synthase. Ua he o nā māhele. Kekahi o ia mea i kaʻili lahilahi, a mea he kai ma i protons hāʻule i loko o mitochondria. A pau keia ikehu ua hookuu, a ua 'akomi i ma ka'ē aʻe mall hapa o ka ATP ua kapaia F1. Ua maupaʻa He stator, a me ka epaepa huila. A stator fixedly alpha- a me ka Hoʻokolohua-subunits, i mea kuleana no ka Nine Inch hoʻololi kemikala o ATP aia i loko o kaʻili lahilahi, a he o ka aaeuoa wahi, a me kekahi. Ke epaepa huila maupaʻa gamma a me ka epsilon subunits. Keia aoao ua spinning, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ikaika o ka proton. Kēia i nā ATP synthase hoʻololi kemikala ina protons me ka pāʻili lahilahi o mitochondria kuhikuhi ma ka waena.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka Nine Inch reactions i loko o ka halepaahao ano māhele hoonoho papa. Products o Nine Inch hana kūleʻa o ka waiwai i haawi asymmetrically (olelo ikaika mai, papa mai Ion e hele i loko o kekahi kauoha, oiai ka negatively papa (particles) e hoouna aku i ka kekahiʻaoʻao), kaʻili lahilahi electrochemical Loaʻaʻia ana. Ua ninoieo o Nine Inch a me ka pou eiiiiiaiou. Ua pono e olelo mai i keia Loaʻaʻia ma ka ili o ka mitochondria i kekahi ao ano o ka ikehu waho pūnaewele.

Kēia kumu i loaa ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia nä känaka' epekema P. Mitchell. Ua ua nūnē nui na lākou i ka waiwai a pau ma hope o ka'okesaside 'aʻole e lawe i ka palapala o nā lātoma, a me ka ikaika a me ka negatively kauoha Ion, a i kau ma ke alo o aoao o kaʻili lahilahi o mitochondria. Kēia mea mahuʻi mea hiki e elucidate i ke 'ano o nā loulou ma waena o ke kahua o ka ikehu-waiwai posapahate i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ATP, a no hoi e formulate i ke kuhiakau chemiosmotic keia naoh.