Auschwitz. Auschwitz-Birkenau. lehulehu eaaa?

Eia naʻe, ka mōʻaukala hoomanao - he pōkole-ola mea. Emi iho malalo o na makahiki he kanahiku ma hope o ka Apana World War, a me na mea he nui i ka vague manaʻo o ka mea Oswiecim, a Auschwitz, e like me ka mea ua kapaʻia i loko o ke ao nei. Eia naʻe, nui vividly hanauna i i ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka weliweli o Nazism, pololi, nuipa extermination a pehea hohonu hiki ia i ka pono haule. Ma ke kumu o ka palapala la i ka malamaia a me ka hoike ana o ka hoike i ike firsthand mea i ka lehulehu? Neeo eaaa? O wwii, kēia moʻolelo e e hele ana, i mea, o ka papa, hiki ole e exhaustive. Helu i ka helu ana o luahi o ka Nazi infernal mīkini mea hiki ole e luku i nā palapala Ua haawiia i ke SS, a hoʻi nele o ka lawe ia'ku, ka hōʻike 'ana mai o ka poe make a me ka eha.

He aha ka Auschwitz?

Ka luna 'o ka hale no ka mālama' ana i ka poe pio o ke kaua, i kūkuluʻia ma lalo o ka auspices o ka SS Hitler ka kauoha i ka 1939. Auschwitz ua ke aupuni 'ole mamao mai Kakow. 90% he ilaila, he lāhui Iudaio. Ke koena o ka - Soviet poe pio o ke kaua, auamo,ʻaeʻa a me nā nationalities, i loko o ka huina helu o ka poʻe make a me ke alahouana, ua puni 200 tausani.

Ka piha inoa o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai - Auschwitz Birkenau. Auschwitz - ka Polish inoa, ia mea, he pono ole, e hoʻohanaʻano nui i loko o ka mua Soviet Union.

I ka moolelo o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. poe pio o ke kaua

Ia Auschwitz mea notorious no ka nui loa ia'na o ka sīwila Iudaio heluna kanaka, oia initially manaʻo o kekahi mau 'ē aʻe ka noʻonoʻoʻole.

No ke aha la Auschwitz i wae mai ai? O ke kumu ho i kona pono henua. Mua, ka mea, ua ma luna o ka mokuna, i pau ai me ka Apana Reich a me Poland, hoomaka ae la. Auschwitz i kekahi o na ki kalepa eiiiiiaiou me ka oluolu a me ka pono-hoʻokahua halihali? Ooia. Ma ka kekahi lima, akau mai e neʻe nahele kokua e hūnā i ka hewa i hana 'ia ma laila, mai prying maka.

Ka mua hale o ka Nazis kūkulu ma luna o ke kahua o ka Polish koa Barracks. No ka mea e kukulu ka mea, hoʻohana paakiki-hitting ia i loko o podnevole kūloko Iudaio. Initially hoouna aku ai i na karaima Kelemānia a me ka Polish mau pio. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai ua incommunicado hoʻopaʻahao, o ka pilikia a hiki i ka pono o ka Kelemānia kanaka a me kā lākou hana. Pio hanaʻeono lā i ka hebedoma, a me Sunday ua i ka hopena pule.

I ka 1940, i nā poʻe e noho ana ma na Barracks, Ua limanui kipaku e ka German poe koa, e kūkulu i ka hookuuia ?? eoi? O ka mea'ē aʻe hale, i ka poe a laila crematorium a me ka pahupaʻiwikiō. I ka 1942 i ka i hoʻomoana ai i paʻa i ka pā me ka paa ka ikaika pōhaku puna pa, a me ka uea ma lalo kiʻekiʻe anakahi uilaʻikena.

Eia naʻe, ua ana i i papani ai hoi i pio kekahi pakele nae na hihia i Ua loa pohihihi keia. O na mea i pilikia like manao, ike iho la ia e e luku kekahi ho'āʻo a pau lākou inmates.

Ma ka ia 1942 ma ka NSDAP e hālāwai kūkā ai ka mea i manao ia ma ka pono o ka nuipa a ka make ana o ka poe Iudaio, a me ka "hope pāʻoihana o ke nīnau Iudaio." Ma mua, haawiia keia i ke Kelemānia, a Polish Iudaio i Auschwitz a me nā Kelemānia lehulehu? Neeo eaaa? O wwii. Germanyʻae laila, me allies, e hoʻomaka "maemae" i loko o kā lākou mau panalāʻau.

It E e hoike ia ia i nā mea a pau hiki wawe kaʻae i ka mea. No ka laʻana, Denmark i Ua hiki ke hoola ia i kona poe kanaka mai kekahi make. A hiki i ke aupuni i lohe e pili ana i ka? Aaony "holoholona" SS, Denmark hoʻonohonoho i ka malu smuggle Iudaio i'ākilikai nā moku'āina - Kuikilana. Pela, e hoopakele oi ma mua o 7000 ola.

Naʻe, i loko o ka nohona ma 'ikepili helu pepehi, ke alahouana, ma ka pololi, ko lakou pepehi, k ‰ ia, maʻi, a' aʻole hoʻi ho okolohua 7,000 kanaka - he kulu i loko o ke kai o ke koko. I nui oiai o kahi e hoʻomoana ai ka wa i make aku e likeʻole koho mai 1 i 4 miliona kanaka.

I ka hapalua like-makahiki 1944, ka wā i kēia kanaka Kelemānia unleashed i ke kaua i ka pahi U-e huli mai, i ka SS ho'āʻo e lawe pio mai Auschwitz a hiki i ke komohana, ma ka'ē aʻe halelewa. Massively luku palapala a me kekahi hoike o ka ruthless luku. Na ke Kelemānia a luku aku i ke kinoea keʻena a me crematoria. I kakahiaka makahiki 1945, i ka Nazis i, e wehe i ka hapanui o ka poe pio. O ka poe i hiki ole ke holo, makemake e luku aku. Mea pōmaikaʻi, mahalo i ka mua o ka Soviet koa ua hiki ke hoola ia mau tausani pio, a me na keiki, ma i hana ia mea.

hoʻomoana ai 'ole

A huina o 3 nui e hoʻomoana ai eiiieaena kaʻana Auschwitz Birkenau-Auschwitz, Monowitz, a me Auschwitz-1. Ka mea mua e hoʻomoana ai, a Birkenau i a laila hui a me ka mea i ka luna 'o ka 20 hale, kekahi manawa, ma kekahi mau palaoa.

Ke umi pa alima mea i ka hope wahi i loko o ka weliweli ana o ka hoʻopaʻahao. Aia Ua lawe mai 'inikua ho okolohua, ka hapanui o nā keiki. Nō kāu, i mau "ho okolohua" no ka nui loa 'epekema hoopanee, e like me ka ua kekahi aoao o ka maalea hoʻoweliweli. La aku mawaena o ka hale ku umikumamakahi pa alima, ka mea, kena ae la consternation a hiki mai ka kūloko kiai. Aia i kekahi wahi no ke alahouana, a me ka hooko, hoounaʻaneʻi ka loa au hoomolowa, hoinoino me ruthless brutality. Ua Uaʻaneʻi i nuipa mua i hoao a hoʻonui loa i ka "pono" extermination ma ka mea o "Zyklon B" make.

Ma waena o kēia mau ālai 'mau i kūkulu i ka pā no ka hooko, kahi, e like me kaʻepekema, i make ma kahi o 20 tausani kanaka.

No hoi ke aupuni 'ma ka paena he mauʻolokeʻa a me ka umu no ka aa ana i ua hoʻouka kekahi. Hope ka mea i kukulu kinoea keʻena, hiki ke luku mai i ka 6000 kanaka i ka lā.

Hiki pio i haawi e Kelemānia kauka i ka poe i hiki ke hana, a me ka poe e hoouna koke ae ai i ko lakou make i loko o ke keʻena kinoea. Loa pinepine wahi i ka nāwaliwali ka polokalamu JavaScript wahine, na keiki, a me nā kūpuna.

Ua mālama nā koena ma cramped olelo me ka uuku paha ole ai. kauo aku la kekahi o lakou i ka make kino a oki lauoho, ka mea i hele i loko o ka lole hola. Inā manao ma ka like hana e hoʻokele i ola i ka mau o ka pule, ua pakele no ia, a lawe i ka hou kekahi. Kekahi e haule pu iho i loko o ka waeʻano "he makemake ko", a ua hana no ka Nazis like tailors a me Barber, eia.

Ua 'ae' Deported Iudaio, e lawe i ka hale hou ma mua o 25 kg o ke kaupaona ole. People i me ia i ka mea waiwai a me ka mea nui. All 'ikamu a me ke dala i koe ma hope o lākou makeʻana, i hoʻouna i Germany. Mua ia, he waiwai e e dismantled a hoʻokaʻina 'na mea a pau ma mua o waiwai pio' ole i loko o ka ai-kapaia "Canada." Ua lilo i ka wahi o ia e "Junior" Ua kapaʻia nā mea maikaʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi, hoouna aku la, mai kahi'ē, a hiki i kaʻauamo mea hoʻohana kēia inoa. E hana i ka "Canada" ua kŘpa a softer ma mua o ka pau ana o Auschwitz. Ka I e hana ana i na wahine. Mawaena o na mea a pau au e loaʻa ai, no laila, i ka "Canada" pio i loaʻa mai ka pololi. Ke SS i i kānalua i ka pester nani kaikamahine. Pinepine 'aneʻi i ka hihia o ke kūlanakauhale.

Ka mua ho okolohua me "Zyklon B"

Ma hope o ka hālāwai kūkā i ka 1942 o ka lehulehu? Neeo eaaa? E hoʻomaka ana e huli i loko o ka mīkini, i ka manao o ka i mea ka papakaukau ka make. A laila, i ka Nazis mua ho'āʻo i ka mana o ke keiki "Zyklon B" i ka lehulehu.

"Zyklon B" - he pesticide, hoomake mai la i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o hydrocyanicʻakika. Ma ka irony awaawa, Ua invented e kaulana nä känaka 'epekema Fritz Haber, he Iudaio i make ma Kuikilana o ka makahiki ma hope o ka hiki ana mai o Hitler i ka mana o ka mea paahana. Haber ka hoahanau make i ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai.

I ka make Ua ike no kona kanawai ikaika. Ka mea, ua pono i ka hale kūʻai. Hoʻohana 'ia e pepehi makika, "Zyklon B" ua loaʻa a me ka nike. It E e kaulana i ke kinoea "Zyklon B" ua no hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, e lawe mai hooko.

I ka hoʻokolohua mua i lawe mai i loko o Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz). Ma ka aeie umikumamakahi bipi Soviet poe pio o ke kaua, a ma lua piha awaawa make. I loko o 15 minuke, ka mea, ua ka incessant uwēʻana. Ka mahele lāʻau ua lawa i ka luku a pau. A laila, bombarded ka Nazis me ka hou pesticides. I keia manawa ia hana.

Ka papa hana hoao ia e loa ka hoʻokō. Nazi lehulehu eaaa? O wwii ua hoʻomaka e 'Imi pili i ka "Zyklon B", kukulu ana i ka kūikawā kinoea keʻena. Apparently,ʻaʻole e ho okumu panic, a me ka paha mai ka makau o ka retaliation, ka SS mai la oia i ka pio pono, e lawe i ka ua auanei. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, o ka hapanui o na pio ka mea, ua hou he malu i keia "uhane" ka mea,ʻaʻole loa e hele mai.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia no ka SS ua ole i ka pepehi kanaka, a ma ka noho pakele o na kino. Ma mua, ka mea i kanuia iho la. Kēia hana iʻaʻole loa efficient. I ka umu ahi e pilau ua unbearable. Hands pio o ka ke Kelemānia a kukulu iho la i ka crematorium, akā, i ka incessant kahea ana o ka weliweli a me ka weliweliʻala lilo commonplace ma Auschwitz: na ko läkou 'o ka hewa o keia nui makemake e loa paʻakikī e hūnā.

Terms o ka SS hoʻomoana ai ke ola

Auschwitz (Oswiecim, Poland) ua he maoli kaona. Ka mea, ua pau no ke ola o ke koa: awakea me ka nui maikai ka ai, hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, me ka hana keaka a me nā mea a pau kanaka maikai no ka Nazis. Oiai ka poe pio i i loaa a hiki i ka palena iki nui o ka ai (he nui i make i loko o ka hebedoma o ka pololi mua lua paha), ka SS mau ae inu, ae nanea ana ke ola.

Ka lehulehu mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, pakahi aku la ia Auschwitz, ua mau Ua he kupono mākaʻikaʻi no ka hana o ka Kelemānia koa. Lifeʻaneʻi ua nui maikaʻi a me ka lua pele ma mua o ka poe kaua ma ka Hikina.

Naʻe, uaʻaʻohe wahi hou hoino iho ia i ka pau ana o kanaka ano ma mua o Auschwitz. Lehulehu hoʻomoana - mea ole wale he wahi me ka maikai maʻiʻo, kahi i kekahi koa pepehi kanaka halaʻole ua i hooweliweli, akā, i ka piha nele i ka hahau. Aia na koa ke hele mai i ka mea mākou makemake a pau, a me a ka mea i hiki i ka haule. Auschwitz hele aku la ma ka nui dala pele aie i aihueia ka waiwai i deported kanaka. Helu mahina i hanaʻole. ʻAe a pehea ka mea, ua hiki ke ho omaulia i pono i ka nui o e hoopiha i ka waihona kālā, a hiki ina i ole ia i ka helu o ka hoʻopā ai pio i loko o ka mooolelo?

Ke SS i ole kānalua, e lawe oe ia oe iho i na mea maikai a me ke kala. Ka mea, i ka puu o ka inu, ka waiʻona ua pinepine i loaʻa i waena o ka pili ana o ka poe i make. I mau,? Aaiuo ma Auschwitz i ole kaupalena ia ia iho i loko o kekahi mea, e alakai i ka makemake ana ia mea palaualelo ola.

Kauka Josef Mengele

Ma hope o Josef Mengele i eha i ka 1943, oia i manaoia ukele e hoʻomau i kona hana, a hoouna aku la i ke kauka i loko o ka Auschwitz make kahi e hoʻomoana ai. Here ia ia i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻomaopopo i kou manaʻo a me ka ike maopopo ana i ua kala pupule,ʻino a me ka pointless.

Nā luna kauoha i ka Mengele e mālama nei i likeʻole ia mea, no ka laʻana, ma ka waiū i ke anu a me ka kiʻekiʻena ma luna o kānaka. Ke'ī mai, i ka hoʻokolohua ma thermal loa Iosepa hala, obkladyvaya paahao ma nāʻaoʻao ma ka hau, a make iho la ia o ka hypothermia. Pela ka mea i huli mai, a me ke kino mahana ana irreversible hopena a me ka make.

Mengele aloha e lawe mai ia mea ma luna o nā keiki, o ka oi aku i mau māhoe'anetelope lāua. Nā hualoaʻa o kona ike maopopo ana i ka make ana o aneane 3 tausani Minor. He i puʻe wale ke keka reassignmentʻoki kino, hui transplants, lawe mai ola ke kaʻina hana, imi e hoʻololi i keʻano o nā maka, a ho'ōla alakaʻi i ka makapō. Kēia, ma kona manao, o ka hooiaio ana o ka impossibility o "mongrel" he Aryanʻoiaʻiʻo e lilo.

I ka makahiki 1945, o Iosepa i ka holo. He luku aku i ka mooolelo a pau o kona ike maopopo ana, a ma ka hoopuka ana palapala hoopunipuni, ua holo aku ia Argentina. He noho i ka noho malie ke ola me ka luhi loa a me ka hoʻoluhi hewa wale, aʻaʻole i hopu a hoopaiia.

I ka wa aʻu e hina Auschwitz. ʻO wai ka mea hookuu i ka poe pio?

I kakahiaka makahiki 1945, i ke kahua ma Germany i loli. Soviet poʻe hao wale, hoomaka ae la kaʻeleu hoouka. SS i e hoʻomaka i ka ke piʻoloke, a ma hope, uaʻikeʻia e like me "ka make hele." 60 tausani pio i haiia mai e hele i ke komohana ma ka wawae. Tausani o ka poʻe pio i make ma ke alanui. Hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia ma ka pololi, a ua intolerable hana aku i na pio, e hele aku ma mua o 50 kilomika. A pau i lagged ma hope, a hiki i hele aku ai ka mea hou, alaila, i pana aku la ia. Ma Gliwice, kahi paahao hiki aku, ua hoouna aku la lakou i ka lehulehu wahi hoomoana ma ka ukana kaa ma ka ?? eoi? O Germany.

Ke liberation o ka lehulehu mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, i loko o ka hopena o Ianuari, i ka wa a ka Auschwitz he mea wale ma kahi o 7,000 maʻi a me ka make ana pio a pau e hiki ole haʻalele.

Life ma hope o hookuu

Ka lanakila maluna iho o fascism a me ka liberation o extermination? Neeo eaaa? O Auschwitz, Eia naʻe, i ole manaʻo i ka piha hoopai o ka poe a pau i kuleana no atrocities. Hiki ma Auschwitz mea ole wale i ka loa koko, akā, i kekahi o ka hoʻopaʻiʻia hewa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka. Wale 10% o ka a pau ka poe a pau, ai 'ole kahiko o ka'āina, i komo i loko o ka nui loa ana o civilians, i ho'āʻo a me ka hoopaiia.

He nui no ka poe i koe e ola ana, me ka i haha aku hewa. Kekahi i kapa i ka propaganda mīkini, i ua dehumanizing kiʻi o ka Iudaio, a me ka i ia i ka mea a pau maikaʻiʻole nō ia o nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Kekahi e olelo aku i na kauoha he kauoha, a me ka kaua meaʻaʻohe wahi no ka noʻonoʻo.

Like no ke koena o ka make? Neeo eaaa? Ana o na paahao, laila, e like, a me ka makemake ia hou e pono ai. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau kanaka e, e like me ka rula, i waiho ai e pale no lakou iho. Hale a me n iaainoaoeii neo, kahi a lakou i noho ai no ka lōʻihi manawa, ua häʻawi mai ai iä 'ē aʻe. Me ka waiwai, i ke kala, a me ka 'ohana ka poe i make i loko o ka Nazi make mīkini, mea, pono e ola hou, a hiki ma ka lāʻau kū-kaua wā. Kekahi hiki wale kahaha ma ka ikaika o ka makemake a me ka ikaika o na kanaka i hele ai lakou mawaena o ka lehulehu mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, a e hoʻokele, e ola ia.

Auschwitz Museum

Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ke kaua Auschwitz, o ka make kahi e hoʻomoana ai, i loko o ka papa inoa o UNESCO World'āina hoʻoili Site, a ua i ka waena o ka iau. I loko nō o ka nui pele o iauaeoia oo? Ecia, he mea mau malie. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka iau i loko i kekahi mea ke makemake ai a me ka mea hou. Naʻe, ka mea, ka mea nui a me ka waiwai, e like me ka incessant uwēʻana o ka hope o ka mōhai hala, a me ka pono haule, Ua infinitely hohonu i ka lalo o ka a.

Ke iau Ua hamama no a pau, komo mea noa. No ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia, ka mea i alakai Kauai i loko o kekahi 'ōlelo. In Auschwitz-1, e kono malihini, e nana i ka Barracks a me ka pūnaewele o ka pilikino 'ikamu i ka make pio a pau e i kauoha me Kelemānia thoroughness: ka lumi makaaniani, Nā Pola, na kamaa, a hiki lauoho. No hoi e hiki ke kipa i ka crematorium, a me ka ia i kī pū pa, a lawe mai pua a hiki i kēia lā.

Ma ka paia 'oe ke' ike i ke ālai 'palapalaia maluna penei haʻaleleʻia e pio. Ma ke kinoea keʻena nō noho ma luna o ka ko läkou 'paia o ke kui he ulia pakalaki, e make ma ka weliweli ehaeha.

Waleʻaneʻi oe ke haha aku i ka piha weliweli o ka mea i hana, a me kaʻike me kou mau maka i nā kūlana ola a me ka nui o ka make.

I ka mohaikuni ma ke akamai i na hana e

Kekahi o na hana denouncing ka Nazi? Eia - "kahi e olelo ai" Anne Frank. Kēia puke e haʻi i nā palapala a me nā 'atikala ma ka hihio o ke kaua i ka Iudaio kaikamahine nana, a me kona' ohana i hiki ke loaʻa puʻuhonua, i loko o ka Netherlands. Diary Ua mālama 'ia mai ka 1942 a hiki i ka makahiki 1944. 'Ikamu i keʻakeʻaʻia August 1st. lāʻEkolu hope a pau i kēiaʻohana hopu ia e ka Kelemānia makai.

Kekahi luawai-ike hana o ka "Schindler ka pahu". Kēia mea he moʻolelo e pili ana i ka hola nāna Oskar Schindler, ka mea, ua luku aku la ma ka weliweli lawe ana wahi i loko o Hawaii, au manao e hana na mea a pau i hiki e hoola i na kanaka hewaʻole, a hoouna aku la na tausani o ka poe Iudaio i loko o Moravia.

Ma ka puke, pana aku la ia i ka ho film "Schindler ka List," i i loaa na hoʻolilo 'ia' ana o kekahi mau Kuʻu, a me 7 Oscars, a me ka loi acclaimed kaiāulu.

Kālai'āina a me ka ideology o fascism alakai aku ai i kekahi o ka mea nui au i na ino o ke kanaka. Ke ao nei, aole ia i ike hou hihia o ia ano he nui, hoʻopaʻiʻia kēlā makeʻana o ka poʻe hala ole. I ka moolelo o ka wahaheʻe i alakai aku ai i ka, alahula mau mea eha a pau e ua loli ana i ka pau o Europa, e noho i loko o ka hoomanao ana o ke kanaka e like me ka hōʻailona weliweli o ka mea hiki loa ae kiʻekiʻe.