Berdan rifle: hoakaka a me nā kiʻi. Laulā pūlaipela Berdan

Ioioie? Rifle Berdan i manaoia kekahi o ka maikaʻi i ka manawa. Eia naʻe, i kēia lā ka mea, ua ole loa ua kaulana, ka oi aku i loko o ka maka o na mea he nui ana hoʻohālike. Aka hoi, ke kūlana Berdan pūlaipela no ka mea Lūkini kaua mea invaluable. Ka mea, ua noho ma ka hana no ka aneane iwakalua makahiki, a no ia mea, hoopau hewaʻiʻo, e lawe like me ka maʻamau i loko o ka mōʻaukala o nā mea kaua Lūkini.

moʻolelo

Mea nana i hana pūlaipela Berdan mea he Amelika inventor. Ua mea i loko o kona hanohano lakou i kona inoa. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ke kope mua i hele mai, mai ka mīkini i ka 1868. I 'Apelila 1869 i ka mea nāna i hana o Berdan pūlaipela hiki aku me kā lākou mau keiki i loko o Rusia. New hookahi-pana rifle i ka pepa, a hiki i ka Russian Tsar. He oluolu loa ia Alexander II. Ka Emperor hoopukaia ke kauoha aku i ka mea ma luna o ka moku. A pehea ka moʻolelo hoomaka lōʻihi hana pūlaipela Berdan ma ka Lūkini kaua. Mua, i kauoha ia ma ka aoao o ka he kanakolu tausani kope o ka mea kanu. I ka Ia manawa ma ka hola ma Bridge Port hoʻomaka '? Iecaianoaaiiuo ehiku a me ka hapalua miliona puni o ammunition destined no kēia mau pūlaipela.

Ma hope, ua komo i loko o finalizing ka colonel o ka poe kaua Lūkini o Alexander Gorlov a me Lutanela Gunius. A ua i ka makahiki 1870, ka Ke Ana Hoʻohālike kahiko UAIAaIN ma ka hou'ōnaehana Berdan rifle - 2. Ua i ka puka kiʻiaka, a ua manaoia e noho ana i loko o na mea kaua uuku.

He kanakolu-kumamalima loli i ua hoʻololiʻia i loko o ka hopena o ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka palapala manao. ʻO ka moʻolelo kükohu i hoʻolauna GAU Komikina. Ua hanohano ka ku e nā mea a pau e ho'āʻo ai, a i maliuʻia i loko o hana e like me ka "laina pana i ka rifle."

poepoe o ka palapala noi

Kona maikaʻi ballistics i ke kumu i keia kükohu i hoʻohanaʻia e koa e hana i ka skirmishing a me ka mālama o ka melee. Kēia rifle Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka poʻe kiaʻi Koa o ka Lūkini kaua iloko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Turkish janissaries mai ka makahiki 1877 a hiki i 1878. Ka mea, i ole hooki ia e hoʻohana i ka wā he mau pū Mosin Nagant paha. Iloko o ka First World War, kekahi koa ki lākou pūlaipela Berdan-2 caliber 10.75x58.

I Rusia, i i kēia mau mea kaua. Naʻe, ka mea, i ka ua hehi hoʻi i loko o Russian, e like me ke kumu i ka palapala: "Koltovsky mea kaua hola. Hartford. Amerika "a me ka pūkaʻina helu. Ma ka hoʻomaka o Lūkini-Turkish kaua, ka Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua a pau e pili ana iʻumikumamāwalu tausani pūlaipela Berdan. Eia hou, he nui nui o nā mea kaua i loko o hana i loko o ka pūʻali koa o Pulakalia i loko o ke kaua i ka 1914. About he kanakolu tausani kope ma e pili ana i ka mea ia manawa ka mea i haawiia mai Rusia a hiki i ka aupuni o MaunaʻEleʻele. A i loko o 1995-96, i ke kaua ma luna oʻAitiopa, ka mea i kūʻaiʻia, he kanakolu tausani na apana o kona kino, o ke kolu o ka hanauna.

hōʻikeʻano

Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o kēia mea hoʻohana, keia mea kaua manao oiaio i kekahi "ano e oia." Kona loa lōʻihi, a he oiaio, ua kaumaha kino, a me ka pūpanapana me kaʻeleʻele he lepo lāʻuʻuku i ka oluolu pana. Eia naʻe, ina oe e nana i na mea kaua i nā maka o kona mau wā, laila, he nui na pono. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Russian kaua i ia manawa, he hookahi-pana rifle Krnka a Carla me ka caliber o 15,2 mm o. A me ia mea ma luna o lākou kāʻei kua i loko o kēlā mau makahiki, "Berdan rifle" mea maoli "melkashki" - malamalama a me ka leo hone.

Design hiʻona

Berdan rifle-2 Ua lako pono me ka pu? Aieao, papahana no i kā mākou huahelu o ka makahiki eono haneri a me ke kapuai. Ua lele me ka namushnike ke aupuni 'ma ka nui mamao mai o ka waha o. A me ka pono ma ka kumu i ke au no ka hoʻopunipuni ka'Elau, a me ka moe me ka pololei i ka'ā'ī. "Berdan rifle" Ua hoʻolako pono me ka'Elau.

rifle mea i manao ai, he'āina mea. Kona kāheaʻano papa hana me ka mainspring a me ka drummer The Keyhole Hula aia i loko o ka Tube, a hui pū me ka hoʻopau, hoaai e noho ma luna o ka transverse (axis), hana he smoothly. Ke rifle Ua i hoʻolako pono me ka extractor: pūpanapana hihia koa i ke extract hana lima. No laila, no ka oi o kona wā i loko o miomio a me ka pololei o ke ahi, ma ka olelo o ka pono, ka mea, ua lilo aku kekahi o ka mea'ē aʻe ana hoʻohālike.

Berdan rifle-2 i ka ia pahu, e like me ia ma ka pukana mua. Initially, ka mea i hanaʻia o walnut, a ma hope o - birch. Handguard Ua hoailonaia me ka barela ka hāʻuleʻana apo ma na nā kui nao. Aia he mau. Hoi na mea makau no hoi i ka like 'ole, a me ke au no ka hoʻopili'Elau ua ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau. Ma keia hihia, ke'Elau i Hoʻololi '. He ua i paa ma lalo o ka barela, a ma ka akau.

Laka 'ia nei hoopaa iho la i laweia aku la oia ma kona kuapo ma he kanaha-kumamalima degere. Kēia iʻaʻole lawa no ka mea, he krupnokaliberki, pana i ka ikaika haipule. Ma ka Ia ke kualono, a i lako pono i nā pūlaipela Berdan hoʻopau ihola ma luna o ka paia i ka pa alima kua.

i ka hoʻohana 'ana o

Akā, ma kēiaʻaoʻao, ua hoomaka ae la e hiki mai ana ma ka Lūkini kaua. E hoʻohana i ka rifle ua hoʻomālamalama mai nui iho la ia. I ka wā o ka Tube ua hukiʻia ma luna o ka shank The Keyhole Hula Sol Hoopii şarkı platoon hana waipuna, a me ka hāmare i kau ma luna o ka platoon.

A laila, e lawe i kekahi mea liʻiliʻi mea poepoe-hoʻokino kumu, e loaʻa iā ia, e wehe i ka puka, a hoolei ia i mua a me ka mai, kiʻi i ka rifle. Ma hope o panina ua makaukau e ke ahi i ka pu.

pūpanapana

Berdan rifle kī keleawe extruded lole hue-hoʻokino, maloko o ka a i ke keleawe kīʻaha no ka mea o ka hooikaika ana i ka chap, a me he kikowaena chap. Ke kauoha o ka nitrate pauka-lanahu a me ka eleele lanahu no ka lio kaupaonaʻano 1 Sol, a 4,265 g. 'Oiai, rifle Berdan-2 infantry ki me kekahi kaumaha primer -. 1,19 Sol, aʻelima nā huna .. Ma ka lepo i loko o ka pepa kīʻaha i iho prosalnik i ka lard i hui pūʻia me ka mahuahua. He Ua koi 'ia e mitigate ka barela fouling a me ka maikaʻi obturation. Ka lio Chuck mau prosalnika i hoomakaukau ai. Bullets i loko o nā pūlaipela Berdan he paukūʻolokaʻa-ogival, kuʻi ihola, mai ka kēpau hala ole i loko o ka pepa wrapper. Ma kā lākou lā ua i indentation no ka waiho i loko o ka pau ana o ka pepa.

caliber

Wahī kōkua mālama i ka rifling mai zasvintsovaniya kaʻina. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea kaʻawale metala lole, e mai e keʻano o lonikū meheu ma pōkā. Kēia hewa i ka manawa i nui loa, he pono ole, aʻikeʻia e like me ka mea hele ma ka moana o ka barela.

Pōkā "berdanok" i ka ia caliber me ka barela. Ua kaupaona 24,16 nā huna. I ka wa i kī pū, i ka pōkā Ua lōʻihi lawa e emi ka lōʻihi, mahuahua caliber a rifling hoopihaia. Mahope o kona hele ana wrapper pepa ma lalo o ke ea puʻe i kuapo haule iho la. Waho pōkā osalivalis wrapper, i laila ka hōʻemiʻana i ke kū'ē i loko o ka barela i hoʻolele. Hoomaopopo infantry pūpanapana mai ka lio ua loa maʻalahi. a hiki i ka hope pōkā, ai wahīʻia pepa i nā pōpō i loko a pink, oiai ka infantry pūpanapana ua keʻokeʻo. Ua kaupaona 39,4 nā huna.

Ka loiloi mua pōkā no ka infantry pūpanapana ua mämä holo i ka 1414 kapuai, a me 431 mau mika kekona päkahi, a me ka lio - 1188 m / s. Ma ka hihia mua ia mea heʻelua haneri a me ekolu anuu punched hao pepa me ka mau, a me ka hapalua millimeter manoanoa kela a me keia. 'Oiai, lio pōkā ke hana i ka ia mea, akā, no ka loihi o ka haneri mika.

? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o Rusia

Berdan rifle-2 initially i kauoha ia ma ka lima hola i loko o Paminahama. Akā, ia koke ia'ē aʻe i ka oihana koa lima o ka moku'āina he nui me Rusia, ma ka lilo o ka lako, mai kahi'ē, mea hou hiki. Ua hiki mai ka manawa o ka mea i pono, e hookupaa ai ia i wahi lulu? iecaianoaaiiuo kāinoa mua. Akā, ka mea, ua i he maʻalahi hana. No ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o "berdanok" a me nā papahu no ia ma ka mea pono nui e pono ai i ka loa Hōʻano hou i ka Lūkini i na mea kaua hana mau. A ka mea i hanaʻia,ʻaʻole naʻe i ka lilo, a nui ke kākoʻo 'ana. Ma o ka haule ana o ka 1872, na mea a pau ua makaukau ma ka Tula mea Kaua Plant. I ka mea ia manawa, ua pau i ka piha kowali hana ma Sestroretsk a me Izhevsk me mechanical nā hale hana.

Mai ka lulu popilikia 'enekinia, hana i ia manawa ua no loko o kona wā kamaliʻi, ua pau na machines, na mea paahana, a me ka pono e kuai aku i. A nui kūlana ma ka paepaeʻana i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o pūlaipela Berdan ma ko kakou aina pâʻani i ka Beritania akamai. E hālāwai me ka mea e pono ai o ka Lūkini kaua i loko o nā papahu no ka mea i loko o 1869 ma St. Petersburg i kūkuluʻia a me kona kūlana me ka hope hana hola. Ma muli o ka loli hoʻokō i nā hoomaka ae la e rearm i ke kaua i mua wahi lulu ana hoʻohālike.

hiʻona

I ia manawa, ai ka rifle Berdan wehewehe aku ma ka maikaʻi ballistics a me ka pololei. Hoopii ia e wale ae kauoha mai i na mea kaua i ample lubrication. Kekahi manaʻo kūhalahala i manao ai, a e pili ana i ka haahaa pono o ke kī pūʻanaʻano papa hana.

Pros a me ka hooluolu

Rifle mua a me ka lua o ka hāpana ole i ua singly a me ka hale kūʻai. Gunslinger hiki i hoʻokahi minuke a he umi pōkā ma ke kaiapili me ka hapalua mika ka mamao o ka hoʻokahi haneri mika. Ua ua i ia manawa i noʻonoʻo i ka hopena maikai. Eia naʻe, mea kaua infantry rifle i manaoia ole loa ai pōʻino: mua, ka mea koi i ka hiki maikai, e pana mai i ka ikaika, a me ka lua, ka mea, ua pono e ao aku ia lakou i ka iapaau ana no e pili ana i ka mahina. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka Hing hoʻopau kukulu ana a me ka mālama 'ana i o keia pu, akā luna'.

kāki o

Berdan pūlaipela, o ka oi aku me he mau hoʻololi 'ia, i loko o ko makou aina i keia la, ua manaoia rarities. Ma maikai ana, ia mea loa paʻakikī e loaʻa. Ke aliʻi, a ma ka Soviet wā a pau 'ikamu i loaʻa i loko o nā aee o na balota i hoano ma na ala apuupuu-hanau. I mea no ke aha la i keia la ka loa pohihihi maoli hola rifle Berdan. Kona kumukuai mea he kiʻekiʻe. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ho, a me ka loaʻa nui o nā maka. Like nui o ka oaoieei-ke ano o ke kaua. Ma awelika infantry Berdan-2 hiki ke kuai ia no he kanahiku tausani rubles, a ma luna.

I kulike ai me ka pili i kēia lā i loko o ko mākou'āina i ke kanawai, wale i loko o ke alo o ka poʻe loea manao o na Kuhina o ka Culture, e ike i ka nohona waiwai o ka rifle, ka mea hiki legitimately ia i loko o noa holo.