Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Pōkole Kawaihae Butlerova AM

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, he pōkole Kawaihae i ua loaʻa i loko o aneane nā puke o ka kemika - ke kaulana Lūkini chemist, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka 'epekema kula o ke aloha kemika, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka pähola' ana o ka 'ole o ke aloha i huiʻia, wānana a wehewehe isomerism nui helu o ke aloha i huiʻia, a synthesized kekahi o ia (methenamine, formaldehyde pīlali, a HA.). Nō hoʻi, Alexander, ka mea nona na makana i ka 'epekema hoonani D. I. Mendeleev, kākau hana ma beekeeping a me ka mahiai.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: he pōkole Kawaihae

I ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema Ua hanau September 15, 1828 ma ka ohana o ka auaoee, i ia manawa, ai ka haku hale. Kona makua kāne Mikhail i komo i loko o ka 1812 kaua, a ma hope o ka resignation o kona ohana i noho ai i loko o ka kupuna kauhale Butlerovka. Mom, Sophia Alexandrovna, make iho la ma ka makahiki o ka 19, koke ma hope o ka hanau ana. Kona noho 'ana kamaliʻi lilo ma Butlerovke Alexander a me ka kupuna kāne ka waiwai - ke kauhale Podlesnaya Shantala, kahi o ka makuahine ma ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ma 10 makahiki i hoounaia mai kahiko keiki i ke kula kula, kahi āna i haku, me ka 'ōlelo Palani a me ka Kelemānia. I ka 1842, ma hope o ke ahi weliweli i loko o Kazan, o ka papa i paa, a me Sasha hoololiia i ka 1 ST Kazan gymnasium. kaʻohiʻana nā mea kolo a me nā mea kanu, ikaika ae hoihoi i ka kemika, a lawe mai i kona mua ho okolohua i loko o kēia mau kula Butlerov. I ka hopena o kekahi o ia mau mea i ka Naita me ia, a me ka hoopai ana no ka mea āna i hana ai i Alexander - ", ka chemist nui" i ka hopena i loko o ka cooler me ka plaque ma kona umauma,

haumāna makahiki

I ka makahiki 1844, Butlerov A. M., kona Kawaihae ua permeated me ke aloha no ka kemika, lilo iho la ia i kekahi haumāna no ke Kulanui o Kazan, ka mea i laila, i ka piko o ka maoli-iao? Noiʻi. Ma mua, i lawe i ke keiki i ka zoology a me ka botany, akā, laila, i kona kuleana ma lalo o ka aoao o ka haʻi'ōlelo KK Klaus a me N. N. Zinina hohola i ka kemika. Ma kā lākou aʻo i keiki kanaka i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka hale keʻena hoʻokolohua, akā, i ka theme like ana o ka haku, paha no ka mea, Zinin neʻe i St. Petersburg, he Letra Kolohe Kai.

Ma hope o ua noho mai ka kulanui i ka 1849 Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, i hoopii N. I. Lobachevsky a me K. K. Klaus, oia hoolilo ia ia iho i ke ao a me ka lecturing ma physical hana kemika, ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kemika. A me Alexander i ka maikai o Teretulo, i hiki ke loa hoopaa i ka hoolohe ana o ka noonoo ana i ke aloha i ka mōakaaka a me ka mea koʻikoʻi ia. Ma waho aʻeo i ka haʻi'ōlelo ma ke kulanui Butlerov haʻi'ōlelo akea i loaʻa. Mau hana Kazan hoolohe ana i kekahi manawa, makemake kaila moʻolelo keaka wale-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Loaa ka papahelu o ka haku i loko o ka makahiki 1851, i ka ia makahiki, ua mare Nadezhda Mikhailovna Glumilino - kaikamahine Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova. Kokua aku la oia i kona doctoral ia hoʻi i loko o 3 makahiki ma Moscow State University ma ka theme like "Ma ka nui mea kāhinu." Ma hope iho o ia mea, i koho ia i loko o ka kekahi Kazan University, he mau makahiki ma hope o ka piha Kumu o ke kemika. Mai 1860 a hiki i 1863 e ku e ia i kona makemake papalua kekahi hana naʻaupō Rector, ka principalship i kekahiʻano paʻakikī wā o ka moolelo o ka kulanui: Curtin hoʻolewa a me ka bezdna unrest e loli ana i nā haumāna a me nā professorial 'ole.

Huakaʻi i Europa

Alexander komo 'Imi i loko o nā hana o ka Waiwai Society o ke kulanakauhale o Kazan, paʻi' atikala ma ka mahiʻai, botany a me ka floriculture. Kawaihae Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich i ekolu huakaʻi ma kahi e, i ka mua o ka i i wahi i loko o 1857-1858 GG. Russian nä känaka 'epekema kipa Europe, kahi āna i noho ai i loko o ka Nine Inch hana, a halawai me ka alakai Nine Inch keʻena hoʻokolohua. Ma kekahi o ia mau mea, i loko o Paris,ʻo ia i hana no ka aneane eono mahina. I ka Ia manawa Hoolohe aku la Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich i ka haʻi'ōlelo o koʻikoʻiʻEulopa naau me Becquerel, E. Mitscherlich, J. av Liebig, Bunsen RV, a i ka ike o Friedrich August Kekule - German chemist.

Ma kona hoʻi i Kazan Butlerov AM, nona Kawaihae mea o ka hoihoi ole wale i loko o Rusia akā, i kahi'ē,ʻo ia hoohuliiaʻi i ka Nine Inch keʻena hoʻokolohua, a me ka mau haʻawina o ka meto hoʻomaka mai Wurtz. I ka makahiki 1858, nä känaka 'epekema loaa hou kekahi ano o synthesizing meto iodide, a lawe mai i ka helu o na hana e pili ana i ka loaa ana o kona nā mea loaʻa. Ma ka hoʻololi kemikala o methylene diacetate ua formaldehyde pīlali - saponification huina hoonui o ka waiwai, i ka hopena o ia mea ma luna o ka mea i ka hexamethylenetetramine a me ka metileninat. Penei, Butlerov mua huina hoʻololi kemikala hua sweetener.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: pokole e pili ana i ka piʻi like o ke nä känaka 'epekema

I ka 1861 Butlerov i loko o Speyer, ma ka Ahaolelo o Kelemānia kauka a me nā kānakaʻepekema, a me ka haʻi'ōlelo "Ma ka Nine Inch 'ole o ka mea", i ua ka nānā' ana ma luna o familiarity me ka moku'āina o kemika ma kahi e lanakila ana maluna hoihoi i loko o ka paʻa o ka kemika, mai kaʻimi naʻauao wahi o Hawaii a me kona mau ho okolohua i lawe no a pau scientific haʻawina. Kona kumumanaʻo, a komo i ka manaʻo o ka hiki ana o kahua o nā kaula o ka kalapona nā'ātoma o A. Cooper a me valence A. Kekule, manao Nine Inch nā hale o nā lātoma, ma i hana i ka hui nä känaka 'epekema maopopo nā'ātoma ma waena o lakou ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana i ho'ākāka' dala o ka ikaika Nine Inch (ʻo Solomona), kēlā ano 'Ātoma.

Nui, ao ke ano o ka pähola 'o Butlerov

Lūkiniʻepekema ike i ka pili pilina o ka 'ole a me ka Nine Inch ka waiwai o ka luna' ke aloha i huiʻia ma mua o hiki ke wehewehe ana i isomerism na mea he nui o lakou, a me ekolu pentanes, elua isomeric butanes, likeʻole waiʻona mai ke kino. Nō hoʻi Butlerov kumumanaʻo i ka mea i hiki ke kilokilo Loaʻaʻia Nine Inch lapaau a me ka wehewehe ia.

Pela, i loko o kona pähola 'o Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov:

• hōʻike 'ole ola i ka manawa kemika theories;
• He 'aloʻahia ka overriding nui o ka'ātoma kumumanaʻo;
• hoakakaia Nine Inch 'ole e like me ka puunaue ana o koa mākou no nā'ātoma, a ma nā'ātoma i alakaʻi ai (' ana paha kahiko o ka'āina) i kekahi i kekahi, e pili ana i ka Nine Inch? ueo;
• 8 hanauna lula i ho'ākāka 'Nine Inch i huiʻia;
• mua uku hoʻolohe i ka likeʻole ma waena o nā reactivities o dissimilar i huiʻia, ma muli o ia o ka ikehu malalo a oi aku me a na nā'ātoma i pili, e like me ka helehelena a huina dalaʻo Solomona huahelu i ka ho okumu i paa.

ʻepekema E hana 'ia Lūkini chemist

Kawaihae Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha iki hōʻike i ka puke, a me nā lā o kona olaʻana, a me ka piʻi like mea nui loa ma ka 'epekema. Ma no o ka Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema nui helu o ka ho okolohua ke hoʻololi, e hoomaopopo aku i kona kumumanaʻo. Nä känaka 'epekema, ka mālama'-synthesized, hōʻike 'ia ma 1864, i ka' ole o ka tertiary butyl ka waiʻona i loko o 1866 - isobutane, i ka 1867 - isobutylene. Hoʻi i lohe mai i ka helu o ka 'ole o ka'etolina a me ka kalapona hua mai la i ko lakou polymerization.

Ma 1867-1868 GG. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, he pōkole Kawaihae i meaʻano hoihoi o nā kānakaʻepekema a puni ka honua, ua hoonohoia oia i Kumu o ke kemika ma St. Petersburg University. Ka hōʻike i kona hui ana o keia kula, Mendeleev ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia originality Butlerov e ao ana, i ka palena manawa o kekahi ka hana, akā, no ia ona kino.

I ka 1869 Butlerov hope noho i loko o St. Petersburg, kahi āna i koho kekahi, a laila, ano o academician o ka St. Petersburg Academy o Sciences. Manawa o ke ola i loko o St. Petersburg ua loaʻeleu: ke Kumu Hooloihi hoi i ka ho okolohua, he tuning pähola 'o Nine Inch' ole, e komo i loko o ke ola lehulehu.

Kuleana i loko o ke ola ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema

I ka makahiki 1873, hoomaka ae la oia këia i ka mōʻaukala o ke kemika , a ua haʻi'ōlelo ma luna o keia kumuhana. Au i palapala i ka mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka 'epekema'ōnaehana, ma muli o ka pähola' o Nine Inch 'ole - ". Introduction i ka piha study o ke aloha kemika" Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov o ka hoʻokumu o ke kula o Lūkini chemists, i kapa ole ia "Butlerov kula." Ma ia laua me ke ao o ka kemika mea 'Imi hoihoi i ka mahiai. I ka pau,ʻo ia ua hoihoi i loko o ka mahi o ke kī ma ka Caucasus, ka mahiʻai mala a me ka beekeeping. Kona pepelu "Pehea, e kipaku aku i ka nalo meli" a me ka "Bee, i kona ola, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE rula o sensible nalo hopeʻeha" Hoomau pinepine republished, a me ka Magazine "Lūkini beekeeping kuina" e like me ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka 1886.

Ma 1880-1883 GG. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, he pōkole Kawaihae e noho lako me ka hoihoi 'a me ka nui discoveries no ka' epekema, ua ka pelekikena o ka Lūkini Physico-iiaie oaoieei kaiāulu. Ma ka ia wā, ke nä känaka 'epekema loa nui hoihoi i loko o spiritualism, ka mea ana i halawai ma Aksakov ka waiwai i loko o ka makahiki 1854. Ma hope, Lūkini chemist pono me kana wahine i ka hoahānau Aksakovym A. N., paʻiʻia ma ka Pai o ka spiritualism "Psychical Research" a me ka wela pale mua lakou hoohewa hoi kona poe hoalauna a me nā hoa i kona kuko ino hou pili.

I ka waiwai o na hana o Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha ma kemika

Ke resignation o Alexander i, e haʻalele i ka 1875, ma hope o 25 makahiki o ka hana. Aha o St. Petersburg University neʻe aku palua keia makahiki o 5 makahiki. Ka hope haʻi'ōlelo Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Butlerova i paʻa March 14, 1885. Kona ola kino pilikia, ke olonā wāwae ma ka pili 'epekema hana a me ka lawelawe hana: a pau o ka ulia Butlerof make ma ka waiwai o August 5, 1886. Scholar kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka kauhale ilina kanaka Butlerovki, e defunct, i loko o ka ohana Chapel.

Butlerova hana oiai kona wa e ola ana loaa nā hualoaʻa a iaia, ua noʻonoʻo i kona scientific kula i integral hapa o ka ulu ana o kemika ma Rusia, a me ke Kawaihae Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha meaʻano hoihoi o ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao haumāna a me ka. Alexander iho ua loa onaona, a versatile ke kanaka me ka sociable, e wehe ae-manao, maikaʻi-? Noaaiiiai i a me ka condescending e pili ana i na haumana.