Kawaihae Butlerova Aleksandra, a me kona makana i ka 'epekema

Kawaihae Butlerova me a oe e aʻo i loko o kēia 'atikala,' ana i kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻokumu o ka pähola 'ana o Nine Inch' ole. Kēia kumumanaʻo i keia la o ke kumu o ka 'epekema o ke' ano o Nine Inch i huiʻia.

Butlerova Kawaihae hoʻomaka i ka 1828, ka wā iʻuʻuku Butlerovke kauhale ke aupuni 'ole mamao mai Kazan, i hanau Alexander. Kēia hanana i wahi i loko o ka inoa o kona makua kāne.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: kamaliʻi

hoomanao ole Alexander i kona makuahine e like me kona make 11 lā ma hope o ka hanau ana o kana keiki. Kona makua kāne i ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i ke kanaka, a me ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema makemake a puni ia e like. Ma mua, i ke keiki hele i ke kula, a laila, hoʻomaka e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka First Kazan gymnasium. Ma keia kula, he nui loa ka hoao ana i na kumu, ka poe i hiki i ka paha ukupanee i loko o kā lākou mau makaainana. Alexander palapala he ua oluolu, o ka oi aku o Laielohelohe i kona 'epekema.

Classes ma ke Kulanui o Kazan, neʻe i Kazan

Kue i ka noi o kona makua kāne, ma hope o ke kula kiʻekiʻe hoʻopau, Alexander hoʻoholo e lilo i haumāna o maoli sciences oihana o ke Kulanui o Kazan. A makahiki ma hope, i ka 1845-ka m, ia i hoʻokomo ai i ka makahiki mua. I keia manawa, ua ke keiki 17 makahiki.

Kawaihae Butlerova i hookoia ma ka 1846 i kaʻawaʻawa loa hanana - ia, hina iho la ka maʻi me ka typhus. Man kupaianaha iaʻi ola, akā, koʻu makua kāne, ka mea i iho mailoko o ka ona, make iho la. Butlerof Akuma ka mea, ua hoomakaukau oia me kona makuahine i Kazan. At kulanui, ua aʻo ikaika, akā, koke i kekahi 'ia ka hapanui o nā mea a pau, ua like haʻi'ōlelo ma kemika. Ua i i panai ai i na haʻi'ōlelo o Kumu Claus, no laila, hoomaka ae la oia e hele papa, i alakai Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin. Hope, e kiai ana i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua hana no Alexander i kekahi 'ia o ka ia i ka manawaleʻa.

Hoomalu ana o ka moho hana

No ka degere o ka haku o ua puka 'o ia Alexander, mai ke kulanui, e waiho i ka ia hoʻi. Zinin keia manawa, hele aku i St. Petersburg mai Kazan. Nolaila, Alexander i ka hana me ka sciences maoli. He hoʻomākaukau no kona PhD hana ka 'atikala ke "Butterflies o ka Volga-Ural? Aaoa". Akā, ma hope o ka manawa o ka noho ana i ka Butlerof mea no hoi i ke kemika.

Hana i loko o ka University o Kazan

Ma hope o hoʻolimalima i kekahi degere, Alexander i hana ma Kazan University. Klaus, ka mea wale Kumu o kemika, hiki ole ia lawe mai nā hana a pono i ka mea nana e kokua i lilo Alexander. Butlerof Akuma ka o 1850 i kauia na me kŰia, a lilo iho la ka haku o ka kemika. He hoʻomaka koke hana ma luna o kona doctoral dissertation ma ke kumuhana o ka nui mea kāhinu,. Butlerov kokua i ka hana ma ka hoʻomaka ana o kela makahiki. A me ka makaukau o ka haʻi'ōlelo Alexander hoʻoili i loko o ka hoʻokolokolo pono study o ka mōʻaukala o ke kemika.

Butlerof nerd

Kawaihae Butlerova hoihoi ole wale chemists, akā, i botanists. Alexander mālama 'ia ia mea i loko o ko lākou mau hale hoʻoulu mea kanu i ka poʻe i loko o Butlerovke ma Kazan. kakau iho la no hoi 'atikala ma floriculture, horticulture a me ka mahiʻai Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Photos kia hoʻomanaʻo i Alexander, Aia ma Kazan, kokoke i ke kulanui, ua hōʻike mai iā ia ma lalo nei.

Doctorate, huakaʻi ma kahi'ē, nā haʻawina e kemika

Butlerof June 4, 1854 loaa i ka doctorate i loko o ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kemika. Koke ia hope mai, ua hoonohoia oia i kekahi hana naʻaupō Kumu o ke kemika i loko o kona hanau Kazan University. Butlerof ka hoʻomaka o 1857 ka mea, ua mua he Kumu. I ka hookahi makahiki, i loko o ke kau, loaa ia ia ka ae e hele i ka huakaʻi'āina'ē.

Ma Pelelina hiki Alexander ma ka hopena o ke kauwela. Ma hope o ka manawa, hele aku la ia i ka hele ana ma Hawaii, Italy, Kuikilana, a France. Paris i ka hope loa manao o ka huakaʻi. I ia manawa ka mea, ua ke ao nei-oaio? A no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o kemika. Butlerova o Laieloheloheʻano nui ka halawai ana me Adolf Wurtz. I kona keʻena hoʻokolohua, oia hana 2 months Aleksandr Butlerov. Chemist, hoomaka ae la oia e alakai i ko lakou ho okolohuaʻaneʻi. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, i kona noiʻi alaila kuu aku la i ka hua mua. Iloko o ka mea e hiki mai ana 20 makahiki, wehe aʻela ia i kēia ōlaʻi o reactions a me ka 'ona Alexander Butlerov. Na makana i kona kemika i Ua nui. Eia kekahi, ka mea, alakai aku maikaʻi loa syntheses o'etolina a me ka ethanol, tertiary waiʻona mai ke kino, dinzobutilena, trioxymethylene, hexamine mea ma ka ho omaka ana o ka helu ana o na hana. Ka mea, i ka noho haumāna kahi kanawai ma luna o kona ulu ana. E like me 'oe ke ike, he hailona o ka' epekema a me ka hana i Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Loaʻa ia mea paakiki ke overestimate. Ano, e hai mai e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo hanaia ma keia chemist.

kumumanaʻo Butlerova

Butlerof këia hydrocarbons, au ike ia ia mea he papa kaawale o Nine Inch. Nä känaka 'epekema ke kālailai i ko lakou waiwai a me ka' ole, nānā i ke kānāwai ikaika, i hana i ke kumu o ka pähola ' ana o Nine Inch' ole, hanaʻia e ia.

Butlerova hoike o ka Paris Academy o Sciences, i hoʻokipa me ka uku hoopanee. Hoomaka ae la i ka olelo hoopaapaa. A mau makahiki ma hope, i ka 2nd huakaʻi ma waho, Alexander a hoike aku la i kona kumumanaʻo. He haawi mai i ka hōʻike ma ka 36 Ahaolelo o ke kauka a me nā kānakaʻepekema ma Speyer, mālama 'ia ma September 1861 heluhelu Butlerov kona hoike ma "He e pili ana i ka Nine Inch' ole o ke kino." Nä känaka 'epekema hoʻolauna hoolohe ana oia i hana mai i ka hou pähola' ana o ka 'ole o ke aloha i huiʻia. I mai la ia i na'Ātoma i ka hapa o ke kino i pili 'ole i loko o kona ho okumu a me ka hana i nā koa nona ma na nā'ātoma a puni ia. He no ka mea, o keia waiū nā'ātoma nakinaki i ka lātoma o ka Nine Inch? Ueo. He kapa ka Nine Inch 'ole o ka puunaue hana o kēia mau poʻe koa, i hele aku ai a hiki i ka hui ana o na nā'ātoma. Ke'ī mai, o ka lua pele (particles) i ka Nine Inch kumu i hilinaʻi nui ma keʻano o ko eiiiiiaiou, kā lākou Nine Inch kumukānāwai a me ka mea.

E noke i mua Butlerova hui i loko o ka moʻokalaleo, i ka manawa "Nine Inch 'ole". Naʻe, hoomaka ae la ke nä känaka 'epekema e rethink kona hoʻohana' e hoakaka i ka hou manaʻo. I ka kumumanaʻo o Nine Inch 'ole o ke kumu o nā mea a pau i nā lālā o kēia kemikala kemika.

Kaniak trimethyl carbinol

Ke happiest makahiki i loko o ke ola hiki ke noonoo Butlerova 1863rd i hana ma acetyl koloriside dimethylzinc, he nä känaka 'epekema no ka manawa mua loa ma ka moolelo i loaa tertiary butyl ka waiʻona, ole ike like trimethyl. Ma ka moʻokalaleo, hope koke ka mea i hoike i ka hoʻololi kemikala o butyl waiʻona mai ke kino, a me ka iniiaiie kiʻekiʻe. Isobutyl waiʻona ua, ua hoikeia mai i kānakaʻepekema mai 1852. A laila, ka mea i mua kaʻawale mai nō hoʻi ka aila. Ano, ke ninau ke e pili ana i kekahi hoopaapaa, no ka mea, ua 4 o butyl ka waiʻona, kela mea keia mea o ka a i ka isomer. Ua ua He maoli lanakila no ka mall kumumanaʻo.

kumumanaʻo tautomerism

No ka manawa, mai 1862 a hiki i ka makahiki 1865 pili ana i ke kumu o kulana hōʻike Butlerov hou kumumanaʻo manawa reversible isomerization tautomerism. Kona mea kākau manaʻo i keʻano papa hana o ka cleavage ua me ka like 'ole o nā lātoma, a hui pu ia me na koena o ke kahua o ka hou nā lātoma me kekahi' ole. Ke nä känaka 'epekema i olelo mai ai no ka pono, e hoʻohana Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana hōʻeuʻeu kokoke loa i kahi. Ma na olelo e ae, ka mea e e noʻonoʻo me equilibrium. Alexander ka credibility me he mea kākau tautomerism kumumanaʻo ike o Peter Laar, he Kelemānia chemist, ka poe i dala i ka hua'ōlelo "tautomerism".

Hōʻike aʻo i loko o kemika

Ano, Butlerova hana ua e hoʻohana i kona mall kumumanaʻo mai ma ka pili ana i nā mea a pau i huiʻia a me nā reactions o ke aloha kemika, e like me ka ho okumu ana i ka hou puke haʻawina ma luna o ke aloha kemika. Ma ka puke a pauʻike manaʻo e e noʻonoʻo ma ka prism o ke kumumanaʻo nana i hana mai. ʻaneʻane 2 makahiki Butlerov hana ma luna o kona hanaia'na. Ekolu ke hookuu aku oia (i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1864 a hiki i 1866), he puke ia e Alexander M. "Introduction i ka piha study o ke aloha kemika." O ka mamao i oi i kekahi mea i ike i ka manawa o ka heluna o nā puke. Butlerova hana nana i kauoha aku i ke kipi i loko o 'epekema. Kela manawa, i ka 1867, hoomaka ae la makou e hoomakaukau i ka unuhi a me ka paʻi ana i kēia puke ma Kelemānia. A laila, he unuhi i loko o nā 'ōlelo' nui oʻEulopa.

Koena ma Butlerovke hana ma St. Petersburg University

Ma hope o hoʻopau hana ma luna o ka puke hou pinepine ia i ua i loko o kona waiwai Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Kona ohana kekahi mau manawa o ka hebedoma, e hele mai iʻaneʻi. Ke keiki pokii i kana, Volodya, i mea 2 makahiki, aloha e pāʻani ma ka Meadow, kahi kokoke i ka hale. Au i aloha ai, e hoomaha iʻaneʻi, a Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana iā ia nā kuko pua kanu, a me ka hana ana o ka hoiliili ana o nā mea kolo.

Butlerov ua manawa o ka emi manawa i loko o ke Keʻena, nae,ʻo ia ma hope o nā discoveries o nā kānakaʻepekema. Ma ka Initiative o Mendeleev, ka chemist kaulana, i loko o ka luawai o ka 1868 Alexander i kono e hana ma St. Petersburg University. Here hoomaka ae la oia i ka haʻi'ōlelo, e like me i hoʻonohonoho 'ia kona Nine Inch keʻena hoʻokolohua. i hana epekema hou i ke ano o ke ao. He hou keʻena hoʻokolohua hana, e hoʻomano hookama. Haumāna i loko o ka lumi papa aʻo i ka Nine Inch lako a pan.

Kaniak isobutylene

Butlerof Hoomau iho la lakou noiʻi e hoʻomohala i ka mall kumumanaʻo. He makemake e hooiaio i ka pololei a me ka manamana ai kalapona ke kaula gula hiki i kela ano keia ano o ke aloha i huiʻia. Kēia mea mahuʻi anei i mai kona kumumanaʻo. Naʻe, ka mea, ua pono, e ho'āʻo iā ia i loko o nä hana kilokilo. Eia hoi, no ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Alexander ka nele. He loaa i ka lōʻihi-kakali isobutylene. Penei, i ke alo o ka manamana ai-kaula hydrocarbon ua ai.

Komo i loko o ka lawelawe ola o St. Petersburg

Butlerov, i hou i ka noiʻi 'ana hana, e' Imi 'ole i loko o ka nohona ola o ka Lūkini kulanakauhale alii. E holumua ai ke kaiāulu no ka manawa oi loa e pili ana e pili ana i ke kahe ana o na wahine o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. Ka mea, ua pono no ka wahine i ka i komo i ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe. E hana i kēia, i hoʻokumu 'inikua, aʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau kula kēia i ke Kulanui no Women. Eia hou kekahi, malaila i hoʻonohonoho Bestuzhev wahine ka papa, ma a Alexander haawi mai i kona mau haʻi'ōlelo ma kemika.

Wale nô ma ka Academy o Sciences

Na hana o keia nä känaka 'epekema i hookoia e ka Academy o Sciences. Butlerov Ua koho ia i ka 1871 halawai academician, a ma hope o 3 makahiki - a me ka maʻamau. No ka mea, o keia, i loaa i keʻena i loko o ka hale waiwai ma ke kula kēia. Hereʻo ia i noho ai a me Zinin Nikolai Nikolaevich. Lōʻihi-ku aloha me ia i hou aku ka ikaika o ka mea pili koke.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Life a me ka hana ana o Aleksandra Butlerova a nā makahiki i ua pili me ka 'epekema. Akā, i ka makahiki i hala, a me ka papa a me nā haumāna i lilo i mea kaumaha loa no Butlerova. Ke nä känaka 'epekema Hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele i ke kulanui. He heluhelu i kekahi, ee aku haʻi'ōlelo 4 April 1880 kēia hoʻoholo i halawai mai me ka hohonu poho. Ua ua ike ia ka 'epekema ahaolelo noi Alexander ka noho. He Ua koho no kekahi 5 makahiki.

Butlerov, e kali i ka hana o ke kulanui. He heluhelu wale i ka papa kuhikuhiE papa, a me kekahi mau manawa o ka pule hoolilo ia i loko o nā kau Keʻena. August 5, 1886, make iho la o vascular occlusions Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Photos Chapel ma ka lua kupapau Butlerova hooku iho la ia ma luna.