Chalky mauna - hau-keʻokeʻo mana o ke ano. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike chalk kuahiwi ma Russian

Alohilohi keʻokeʻo chalk mauna wale hiki ole ole ia,ʻo ka noonoo ana o ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia. Nō kāu, ka OAAIeOO kahua o ka keʻokeʻo pōhaku a puni ka honua hai aku ano me ke koe ole kūlohelohe kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Where oe ke ike i ka chalk kuahiwi ma Rusia? He aha nā mea pili i ka?

Chalk Mountain: Hawaii photo a me ka ano o ka kupanaha maoli

Mel - he sedimentary pōhaku type, palupalu, keokeo, a crumbly. HeʻAʻole wailana i loko o ka wai, ua he aloha kumu. I mea, o ia huahana ua i hanaʻia o ka moku holoholona - na noho o ka moana kai hohonu. Me ka chalk, kela mea keia mea o ko mākou mea ninau-a hiki mai ke kula.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomāhuahua o kaʻeleu waiwai i loko o ka pńpa hoomaka ma kahi o 145-150 miliona makahiki aku nei. A me ia mau ae la ia no ka aneane 90 miliona makahiki. I geochronology keia manawa wā i kapaʻia ai ka Cretaceous wā.

Chalky mauna - he kū hoʻokahi 'ā ina ho okumu,' ia i loko o kekahi mau wahi oʻEulopa. Ka mea i hanaʻia i loko o ia mau wahi, kahi miliona makahiki aku nei Tethys a pakī - mehana a me ka lepo kai. Chalky outcrop pinepine pihaʻi me impurities quartzite, no ke aha la e alohi ke aloha i loko o ka lā. Manawa i kona moe kolohe 'ole o nā pōhaku a me nā pali o chalk e pinepine o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka mōneka a me hermits o kela ano keia ano. Here ka mea, hana ihola lākou hoailona, a me ka pau hoailona luna '.

Chalky Mount: examples ma Europa, a Rusia

Miliona o ka makahiki aku nei, he nui akea o Europa, he ma lalo o ka wai. Iloko o keia manawa, i ka lalo o ka hoʻonui'ōpala hoʻi kuhukukū, koena o nā mea kanu a me ka iʻa kino iwi. A pau keia ua i nā ikaika loa o Paulo, a huli i ka hou ole - chalk. Ma kekahi wahi, i ka mānoanoa o ia hoʻokomo kālā i ai i 50 mau mika.

Over manawa, hoomaka ae la ka moana i kai, a me ka seabed lilo ae la ka aina maloo, ahuwale i ka nunui Cretaceous sediments. A ua hana ia ma kekahi mau wahi chalk mauna - malie hoike o ka Honua i ka 'ā ina mōʻaukala. Ka mea, i hoʻopuehuʻia i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o Europa: England, France, Denmark, Rusia a me Ukraine.

Kekahi o ka loa ma ko ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka Cretaceous mauna ma Europe - ka ai-i kapaia o White pali o Dover. He He Kiure 100-mika pali, waiho ia ma ka mokuna o Beritania (Kent). Sea hawewe i nā erode ia, ho okumu ma ke kumu o ka pali, papakaukau'ōpala. Paipu mokupuni ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Channel - kekahi laʻana o ka Cretaceous me ka ho okumu. Mau mea mau Waimanalo pali ma ka mokuna o ka Isle o Wight.

Unique keʻokeʻo chalk hoʻonaʻauao i loaʻa i loko o Rusia (i loko o Voronezh, Rostov, Belgorod, Orenburg wahi). No laila, o ka nui kāʻei o Cretaceous mauna māʻalo ma ka Don River a me kona hoʻokupu - ka Seversky Donets. He originates i loko o ka Volgograd māhele o Rusia, a na welau ma ka palena o Ukrainian Donbass.

Divnogorie - kupanaha mauna ma luna o nā kapa o ke Don

Where ka Don empties i loko o kekahi mea uuku kaikuono noho malie Pine, o ka iau-hookoe "Divnogorie". Eia, i loko o ka wahi o ka 10 kapuaʻi kuea kilomika hoopuehuia lakou pohaku a me nā kia o ka chalk. 'O kēia kekahi o ka loa hanohano maoli Hawaii o ka Voronezh māhele' āina, a ua kipa makahiki e ole e emi malalo o 50 tausani iauaeoia oo? Ecia.

Cretaceous mauna ma ka Voronezh māhele i ka na kamaaina inoa kapakapa "divas". Nolaila i ka inoa o ka caiiaaaieea. Ke flora o ka wahi o'āina hana hoihoi. Botany helu 'aneʻi ma kahi o 250 laha' o nā mea kanu, kokoke e ka hapalua o ka i mea kaltsefitami (na mea hua'ōlelo - "melolyubami").

I ka pau ana o ka XV kenekulia Greek mōneka hoʻokumu i ka hoailonaʻaneʻi. Ke Cretaceous pōhaku ka mea, kukulu iho la no lakou iho i ana-keena. I ka 1862 i ka ekalesia i kiʻi kālaiʻia i loko o kekahi o ka kūloko pōhaku. I kēia lā, keia ekalesia hana me na malihiniʻana? Ooia.

Mauna o chalk ma luna o ka muliwai Ilovlya

Volgograd māhele 'āina i kona chalky mauna hoʻolaha. Ka mea, i aia ma ke kapa akau o ka muliwai Ilovlya, ma waena o nā kauhale o Pōhaku Brod a me Kondrashov. He He kū hoʻokahi kūlohelohe ho okumu i wahi e like me ka hihiu a me ka hau-keʻokeʻo waonahele no hoi ia. Kumu o cretaceous mauna ma luna o nā kapa o Ilovlya he pali. Akā, i loko o kekahi mau wahi e hiki nō ke hele mai a hiki ma Betekara.

Loko o kēia mau mauna o ka pohaku-Brodsky Hemolele Trinity Orthodox hoailona, i mea i hoʻokumu i ka manawa o ka Mongol kaua. Nä möneka i eli iho i loko o ka chalky pōhaku o ke ana āhua ai pili aku ia lakou. Ma ka hoailona, aia no na kumu o ka ola i ka wai, e like me kekahi mau kanaka nunui lāʻauʻoka elemakule mai i 400 makahiki.

Bizarre pōhaku Lysogorki

Kekahi Cretaceous maoli e pilihua hoi aia i loko o ka Rostov'āina, kokoke i ke kauhale Lysogorka. Eia naʻe, ma kona ano maoli kia kūlana, ua loaʻa mai i kēia wahi loa nei, wale i ka 2006.

Rostov māhele chalk mauna e inu i ka manao o ka malihini a me kona helehelena. Mawaena o ka keʻokeʻo pali Lysogorki ke ike i ka silhouettes o nā koa a änehe mai, a me na outlines o nā holoholona a me nā kanaka maka ... e waiho Cretaceous pōhaku ma ka uka o ka moanawai mea he nui. I ke kau ia mea oi loa maikai: o ka lewa ua piha i aromas o ka thyme, a me ka wai hiki e lawaia nui.

Chalk Gallery Belgorod

Ko läkou 'o ka Cretaceous wā hiki ke malama i ka Belgorod māhele' āina. Ma kekahi, Belgorod i Ua kaulana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo o kbps keʻokeʻo chalk. Ma na outskirts o ke kaona o ka elemakule haalele tunnel, tunnels a kau no na mea he nui kilomika i uka. I kēia lā ka mea, ua lilo ia i kaulana ka pale kaua i waena o nā kuʻi, a iauaeoia oo? Ecia.

Ma na? Ainii? O ka Belgorod galeʻoe ke loaʻa i ke ākeaʻano o artifacts. No ka laʻana,, ma i kekahi manawa, i mai i ka i koe iho o na kahiko ololi-moʻokūʻikena alahao he chalk ma luna o kaʻili kai. Ma ka paia 'oe ke' ike i ka pohihihi Nails a me nā lauana - ko läkou 'o kaʻeli rigs. A i loko o kekahi o na? Ainii? Mea he maoli kaʻa VAZ-2101. Pehea la wau iuka nei - ka IKE OLE IA. Near hoʻokiʻekiʻe wahi lulu popilikia ulia kaʻa hana mea he nui'āpana o Malama Ka metala. Ua Ua loa uhiia me graffiti haʻaleleʻia e nā malihini i ka gale.