I ka makahiki i ka hui o Kiev a me Novgorod? Hoʻohuiʻia Kiev a Novgorod (pōkole)

Hoʻohuiʻia Kiev a me Novgorod, hiki i ka 882, ka mea, ua manaoia e ia i ka lā o ke kahua o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Ua ua pono noʻonoʻo pono i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o Prince Oleg, deservedly kapaia ka "wānana", i mea prescient wā e hiki mai. He ua ka mua ÿauhau o Lūkini aina. Akamai, ikaika a me ka hihio, i pono ke pū i loko o ka papa inoa o ka 100 nui pūkaua o ko ke ao nei.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka 'ike

Ma ka lā hiʻona'āina i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina no ka makahiki 882. ka hui ana o Kiev a me Novgorod,ʻelua nui i ka manawa o ka? Acaeoey o ke kuai ioauoa o East Slavic ohana hoailona i ka hoʻomaka o ka mele palapala noho maikai ana me ka hanana moʻomeheu. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o nā hanana o kahiko Lūkini mōʻaukala o ka "nui o Bygone Nam" (ka PVL). 'O kēia ka wā chronicle. Ua Ua i kapaia "primitive chronicle" a me "Nestor chronicle," mai i ka mea hiki e manao ia ka mea kākau o ke kumu, he nuiʻepekema manaoio i ka mōneka o ke Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Nestor (ma kahi o 1056 - 1114), he nui hagiography (theologian i Pilikanaka na ola o ka poe haipule) a me ke kākā'ōlelo .

Pehea mea a pau, hoomaka ae la

Ma keia chronicle o ka manawa i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini aina, mai Mea Paipala manawa a hiki i 1117. E like me IDPs, i ka hoao ana i wahi ma Kiev a Novgorod i ka 882, i alakaʻiʻia e ka kaʻao Prince Oleg. Koke iho la ka mea i pono, e hōʻike i kēia moʻolelo e konane me na mea a pau e pili ana i kahiko Rusia. Akā, he ua oi a emi nui maliuia ike. Ua ua ike ia Oleg i kekahi hoahanau o Rurik, a he oiaio, ke kaikunane o kana wahine i ka - Efanidy. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Ryurika Oleg lilo i ke kahu o ka nīnūnē, Igor, a me kona waiwai nui - i ka luna o Novgorod. He nuiʻepekema kuhikuhi ana i ka mea i loko o ia mau lā ma ka nīnau, Novgorod, e like me ia, i mai nei. He ua he nui i paa i kulai Ladoga ma ka Volkhov River, ia mea ma ka hikina Baltic. Rurik hooponopono Ua aia ma kaʻikena Novgorod.

Ka mua combiner Lūkini aina

Ma ka X kenekulia pā i kūkulu 'aneʻi Detinets, e lawe ana i kahi hookahi, ekolu hookaawale noho. Akā, PVL E kau iho i 862 i ka lā o ka hai mua o Novgorod, a ma ka 1150 i kaulana i ka Lūkini kumu i loko o 2009. Ka loa kaulana mana mai nei ia i ke kulanakauhale, i ka mea i noi, e alii ai maluna o na kanaka Scandinavians hiki iʻaneʻi, na rulaʻaneʻi, a me ka hanau Rurik ka keiki, ka mea i make i ka 879. ʻO wai ka mea hele mai i ka mana Voevoda Oleg koke reinventing kiai a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka na mokuna. A laila, ekolu makahiki ma hope, hoomaka ae la oia ma ka naʻi aupuni, e hoohui i ka aina Lūkini. Loa akamai a me ka loa-mau maka aku politician, ma lalo o kona alakaʻiʻana i nā merged aina o Novgorod a me Kiev,ʻaʻole mau hana wale ma ka ikaika - koko ole e huʻalepo oia subordinated ia ia iho, a Kiev, a me ka hope Constantinople, hoopiiia me ka poʻe kālepa o East Slavic akau hoaie dala kipe.

kaʻenaʻena nele

E hooponopono o ka nui o ka aina, ma ke ala o ka waiwai - ka mea, ua i ka pono a me ka kupono pāʻoihana. Once i loko o ka mana, ka luna koke manao e lanakila aku maluna iho o ka aina e moe ana ma ka oihana ala "mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka poe Helene." ʻae nō hoʻi, ua hapai ae nei i ka hoao ana Oleg o Novgorod a Kiev he lōʻihi manawa, malia o kēia mau mea kuka hā nai Rurik. A i 'ole paha ka mea, ua ai farsighted Oleg, no ka mea, kekahi o na kumu nui kumu o ka loaa ana aku o ke kālā i loko o ka moku'āina waihonakala ua aie. A waiwai a puni ke ala ana o na auhau kiʻekiʻe i kauia. Hahai ana i ka hema me ka 2-tausani koa, Oleg i naʻi i ka Slavic ohana e noho ana ma luna o nā kapa o ke Dnieper, Pripyat, pilikia, Dniester a me Sozh. Ka mea, he drevlyans northerners radzimichy. Mua Rurik hui ma lalo o kona noho aliʻiʻana o ka Finno-Ugric kanaka (ka mea, ua malamaia lakou Tschudi, Mary, Ves), Ilmen Slovenes, Krivichy, oa hikina Slavic akau, a ua kapaia o Slavia haole kumu. Ke'ī mai, ka mea mua kānaka apau i mākaukau Oleg ua, e hoʻonui i ka palena o ka aina Lūkini. A me ka hooikaika ana. Wahi apau ma ke ala āna i kūkulu ai i ke kulanakauhale a me ka hūlili.

uku

Hoʻohuiʻia Kiev a Novgorod i papahana e Oleg i kekahi hana - ia i makemake e hoopai i ka usurpers Dir a me Askold, kumakaiaʻia kekahi o nā kaʻao o ka Rurik. Hele ana a hiki i ka naʻi aupuni o Constantinople, na combatants entrenched ma Kiev hoole i ka ike i ka mana o ka Rurik. Ka mea, ua i ke aliʻi ohana, a me ka mea haawi mai i ka pono, e koi Oleg lākou rejection o ke kauoha aupuni. Hookokoke ana aku i ke kulanakauhale, strategist a me ka makaala lakou politician Oleg i ole makemake e hookahe no i ke koko o ko lakou poe koa, hahau ia e lawe i ka luawai-paa oaio, Aia ma luna o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe, a i ka impregnable hūlili. Oleg o Laielohelohe ia Varangian kuai. Koa waiho ma ka lalo o ka rooks, ma luna o ia uhi me ka eke o ka waiwai. Na laila mea nona o ke kulanakauhale, Askold a me Dir, hiki i ka? Aeia, e koho i ka mea maikaʻi o ka lawe mai, a ohi i ka waiwai auhau i aeia mai ai e hoomau aku ma ka Dnieper River a hiki i ke kai. Ka mea, Ua pio lakou a make, kanuia iho la ia ma kekahi wahi.

akamai diplomat

A no laila, ka mea, ua i ka hui ana o Kiev a me Novgorod ma lalo o ke kanaka hoʻokahi - Prince Oleg, nana koke aku e hooikaika i ka lanakila kulanakauhale. I kona hele ana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, e like me ke kaʻao, i kapaʻia Kiev ka "makuahine o Lūkini kulanakauhale." Oleg makemake e hana i kēia kūlanakauhale i ke kapikala a me ka hoapono ia ia i kona nohoʻaneʻi. O ka holo ana, Kiev i i hooki. Akā laila Oleg hana loa. Kekahi ohana (drevlyans i haiia ae maluna, northerners radzimichy) ia hui Rusia, freeing ia mai ka uku hoaie dala i ka waiwai auhau i ka Khazar Khanate. Teritori kumuhana Oleg lilo ikaika mana, a ia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua o ka 'ona Kiev a me Novgorod. Makahiki 882 makahiki moolelo ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka hoʻomaka o ka Lūkini moku'āina.

"Makani 'no ka manao Khazars"

Kekahi nui mea Oleg ua i ka mea pepehi mua i ka hauna ikaika a hiki i ka aggressor - ka Khazar Khanate, terrorizing a pau a puni. I ka wānana Oleg i hele i "lawe mākaia ma kūpono Khazars", ma konaʻaoʻao a pau o ka Pechenegs, a ma kaʻaoʻao o ka poʻeʻenemi - ka Magyars, ka mea, e hali ana i nunui ka pōʻino, i haʻakoiʻia e holo aku no Karpaty. Russian koa lilo invincible.

A me ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā mea a pau i kēia i mea hiki i ka makahiki 882 i ka hui ana o Kiev a me Novgorod. Ua huli mai e ia waiwai ma ka mea i loko o Kiev ka nui o ka noho maikai ana ua iki kiʻekiʻe - malaila intensively ke kino akamai, aiao? Oi?, Ka like o kana oihana, a me ka moʻomeheu. Hoʻokahi moku'āina ua huki ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wā e hiki mai kulanakauhale alii. New nui ka mana ma hope i ka inoa o Rus. Oleg a Igor ulu mai, e manaoio ma o ka mana o kona poe koa.

"Kou pale kaua ma nā puka o Constantinople"

Oleg i ke kolu o ka kaua o ka cessation o ka uku o ka auhau i Constantinople a me ka hopena o loa pono no ka mea hou moku'āina aelike a me na Helene. Poe kuai mai e uku hou hoaie dala ka uku no. Paha ka mea, ua wale no ka mea wānana Oleg hui ma lalo o kona kauoha mau Russian State Center - Kiev a me Novgorod.

Eia hou kekahi, Kiev i ka'īpuka a hiki i ka Byzantine aupuni a pau, a ma ia manawa ua i ka waena o ka 'epekema a me ka moʻomeheu, a me nā mea kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka iliwai o ka noho ana o kela aina i loko oʻEulopa. Ka hōʻailona o ke kuikahi me na kuikahi me ia aina a pau, o ka papa, i loko o ka lima o Rusia. Himeni ae LIKE Pushkin, ka nui alii Oleg ka onipaa ana i ka pale kaua a hiki i ka puka o Constantinople (Constantinople), i ka mea lanakila kulanakauhale. Oia ka pomaikai, oia aole makemake i hana,ʻo ia i ole hana hui ana o Kiev a me Novgorod. Makahiki o keia hanana nui, e ola mau loa ia i loko o ka moʻolelo o Lūkini mōʻaukala. Ke au o ka ho okumu ana o ka mea kahiko Lūkini moku'āina ua pili me Oleg inoa Igor, Olga a me Svyatoslav. Kievan Rus ma ka piko o kona heyday noho ?? eoi? Ee, i kaupalena 'ana i ka komohana, a me nā headwaters o ka Dniester Vistula hoʻokupu o ka Volga ma ka hikina, ka Taman Peninsula ma ka hema, a me ka hoaka o ea i o ka Northern Dvina River a hiki i ke kūkulu'ākau. Ka hanaia'na o ka moku'āina he nui ma ka hikina Europe ia i ka hui ana o Novgorod a me Kiev ia Oleg.

Complex wehe pilikia

O ka ihu, wale i ka hopu ana o Kiev ke ia i ka loa nui hana. Ke hou moku'āina i ka kakahiaka nui feudal aupuni mō'ī, e ku ma ke poo o ka pau alii, i kia i loko o kona mau lima i ka mana a pau. Kekahi pahu pihaʻano nui manawa i ka waiwai auhau i kauia maluna o ka lanakila kanaka. Hoolohe a kokoke ohana hoʻolako i ka pāʻoihana i kekahi mau pilikia - ua hoʻemi kaua, a mahuahua nui i loaʻa i ka waihona kālā, nā mea kālepa o ka hana-noa waiwai, a i hoonuiia i ka mana o ka mea hope loa aupuni. Ka pāʻoihana i kēia mau pilikia ua ma luna o ka poʻohiwi wale nō ka ikaika ana, a ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka hanau ana o ka hoao ana o Novgorod a me Kiev. Ka lā, i ke kumukuai o ka i mea ole, e overestimate, pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana kumu nui i loko o ke kahua o ko mākou'āina. Ka mea, ua laila Kivila kaua, a me ka'opi o ka mana i loko o liʻiliʻi mau poʻokela, akā, me ka moku'āina i ua ola mua, ola ae la ia, hui i loko o ka maka o kaʻenemi, a eo ai ia kakou i loko o nā kaua. 'O kēia ka pā like o Rusia, keia mea kona mentality, i mea he lākou o ka' imi naʻauao, mea naʻau a me ka moʻomeheu. He hele aku la i na mamo o ka poe koa kiai Varangian Oleg, e iho mai, mai ka'ākau a hiki i Constantinople, a komo ia.

pōkole hōʻikeʻano

Hoʻohuiʻia Kiev a Novgorod hiki ke pokole i ho'ākāka 'ia penei. Ma hope o kona make ana i ka 879, Rurik mana hala i loko o ka lima o kona kaikuaana-ma ka caregiver a me ke keiki a ke keiki Igor. Voivod Oleg, makahiki ekolu o ka loaa ana i ka opu, e hooikaika, a? Oaiaaou i ka aina i koe ma hope o ka mea i make. A laila, a me ka pono-i hoomakaukauia ka poe koa, i ka hopena mana i ka poe Norman koa, oia hele hema i ka lanakila o ka honua, kaʻoi loa a pau, ke moe ma ka oihana ala "mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene", a penei ka höʻike aku i ka poʻe kālepa, a me ka aina, mai ka uku hoaie dala i ka waiwai auhau i ka smuggled waiwai. Kiev, e waiho nei ma ke alanui, e like Constantinople i ka mea nui wale vzimatelyami hoʻokupu.