Charles Babbage ka mākau Pake: hōʻike, hiʻona, mōʻaukala a me ka waiwai

Charlz Bebbidzh (1791-1871) - he paionia no e pili ana kamepiula ka hana 'enekinia, ka mea i hoʻomohala papa 2 kamepiula' ē aʻe - oko ao a me ka mākau. Ka mua kekahi la kona inoa ma muli o ai i na kumu mua makemakika ma luna i ka mea, ua nānā 'ana - i ke ano o finite oko ao. Kona maikaʻi i loko o ka mikanele ana o ka makemakika hou me ka pono no ka multiplication a me ka puunaue, a mea paakiki e hoʻomaopopo mechanically.

More ma mua o kekahi me ka m'kini helu

Koena unuhi Pake Babbage ho i ka helu mea. Ua hana helu wale iaoia i mea hiki ia oe ke noke stacking ia lakou e like me ke ano o ka finite oko ao. Ua hiki ole ke hoʻohana 'ia no kekahi mau makemakika ho. Mākau hookahi mīkini Babbage ka mea hou ma mua pono o ka me ka m'kini helu. Ua hōʻailona a ke hoʻololi mai ka makemakika i mechanized piha-unahiʻole, i mau-manao Me. Ma kekahi mau kuʻina o ka evolution o nā manaʻo o Babbage, he mau ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 3 pāhana. Nolaila, ia mea maikaʻi, e hoʻohuli i i ka mākau machines ma ka Plural.

I ka pono a me ka hoʻokōʻana o ka hana 'enekinia

Babbage Me machines i kekimala huahelu ma ka hoohalike i ka mea hana 10 huahelu mai 0 i ka 9, a me nā kikohoʻe no ka mea, hana wale me integers. Nā Loina Hawaiʻi nō na kona kapa, a ua haawiia mai kēlā me kēia waeʻano i kona huila. Inā ka mea mahana i loko o ka palapala kulana ma waena o nā integers, i ka hopena o undefined, a me ka hana ana o ka mīkini ua wahi e, e hōʻike i ka 'aʻe' ana i ka pono o ka ho. He Heʻano o ka hewa ka loaʻaʻana.

Bebbidzh i noʻonoʻo i ka hana o ka make helu ana i nā 'oihana' ē aʻe ma mua o kekimala ma ka 'ole. H. aeaie, a he kumu 3, 4, 5, 12, 16 a me 100. Ua ua i papani ai hoi i ka kekimala, no ka mea, o kona familiarity a me ka hana' enekinia, ka hoʻokōʻana no ka mea, aloha aku i ka mea, me ka nui loa hoemi ia ka helu o neʻe maila māhele.

Koena unuhi Pake №1

I ka 1821, Babbage hoomaka ulu i keʻano papa hana no ka i ka ho omaulia a me ka tabulation polynomial hana. Ka mea kākau wehewehe ia me he mea no ka 'akomi i ka ho omaulia ana o ke kaʻina o nā loina a me' akomi pai ana o nā hualoaʻa ma tabular palapala. An integral hapa o ka mīkini paʻi 'ole ua mechanically hui i ka i ka ho omaulia pauku. Koena unuhi Pake №1 ho i ka mua piha manao e koho hana i ka ho.

Mai manawa i ka manawa Babbage hoʻololi i ka functionality o ka noonoo o kanaka. Design 1830 ho i ka mīkini papahana no ka 16 huahelu, a 6 kauoha o ka nui like. Ke ho oia o ke 25 ko. Māhele puunaue i like ma waena o ke kamepiula a me ka mīkini paʻi pauku. Inā ka mea, ua kūkuluʻia, ka mea, ina i kau ka oaeuiinoe 4 tons, a makemake i ka kiekie o 2.4 m. E hana i ka Babbage koena unuhi Pake i pani ma ka makahiki 1832, ma hope o ka hoopaapaa a me ka lunaʻenehana Joseph Clement. Public nā pāhana hope oki ae la i ka 1842

mākau engine

I ka hana ma luna o ke koena unuhi mīkini e hanaiiaʻi i ka 1834, Babbage hapai ae la oi pīhoihoi ka manaʻo, a ma hope i ka inoa o mākau paʻa programmable Meʻano papa hana. Ke mall waiwai o ka mīkini Babbage pili kēia hoʻopili like i ka walaʻauʻana ālai 'o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia mīkini kamepiula. Iaaiey ua hana ka hoʻohana 'ana kuʻina pepa. Kēia manaʻo i aie mai i ka Jacquard loom, kahi a lakou i hoʻohana 'ia no ka ho okumu luna' lole one i.

Ke Logical 'ole o ka mākau engine Babbage holo nōhie hoʻopili like i ka Hoʻohaku manao lolouila kamepiula au, a hoʻohuʻu he iaiyoe ( "hale kūʻai") hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka kikowaena unu lawelawe ( "palaoa"), sequential hooko o nā hana a' o ia hoʻi no ka hoʻokomo o a me ka ia auoiaea oʻikepili a me nā ao. Nolaila, o ka inoa o ka paionia? Acaeoey o ke kamepiula enehana mea kākau ua pono hewaʻiʻo.

Paʻa a me ka CPU

Ka mīkini Babbage mea he "hale kūʻai" kahi e hoahu loa, a me ka wahi hopena, e like me ka pono me he okoa "palaoa", a laila e hoʻokō iho makemakika aaioee. Ua loaʻa i ke kaʻina o 4 makemakika oihana, a hiki hana pololei multiplication a me ka puunaue. Eia hou, i ka mea i hiki ke hana i ka hana i kēia manawa i inoa conditional ai manamana ai kalapona (iterations), microprogramming, ia laua aaioee, ke haka pono maila, lāʻau ikiʻai wale shaping, a no laila, ma luna o. N. Ka mea kākau o ia terminology ua ole i hoʻohana.

CPU mākau engine o Charles Babbage, a kapa aku la ia "i ka mea wili palaoa", hoakaka:

• ho'āhu helu, ana ma a mea i koke, i loko o ka? aaeno?;
• Ka mea, i ka lako e, e hana me ia kumu o makemakika ana;
• EYI o ka hoʻohana-aloha mawaho olelo i loko o ka piha maloko'ōnaehana;
• 'ōnaehana hoʻononiakahi (uaki) e hoʻopaʻi olelo ma ka ke akahele i koho kauoha.

Ka hooponoponoʻano papa hana mākau mīkini hana koho, a he o nā māhele: i ka lalo o ka 'ilikai, malalo o ko nunui pahu, i kapaia o casks, a me ka pae kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻohana' ana punched pepa papahana no ka jacquard looms, ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia ma ke kakahiaka nui 1800s.

ia auoiaea i na mea maalea

Ka hopena o ka hoʻomaulia ua hōʻikeʻia e ki ina hana likeʻole a me ka paʻi palapala, punched pepa, e hoʻohālua, a me ka 'akomi? Iecaianoaaiiuo o stereotypes - na ahi oʻaeʻae mea ma luna a ka puka? Acoeueoao ua hua mai i hiki ke malama i ka palapala no ka hoolei ana i na papa no ka pai.

hou manao

Pioneering hana o Babbage ka mākau Pake i pili kēia pau i ka 1840, a hoomaka ae la e hoʻomohala i ka hou hoʻoluku. I ka wā mai ka 1847 a hiki i 1849, ua pau i ka hooulu ana №2 koena unuhi Pake, mea he hoonui ae i hoʻokolohua o ka palapala. Ua hoʻololi 'ia' ia no ka hoohana ia ana me ka 31-iki loa, a hiki ka hopena ma ka tabular hana i kekahi polynomial 7th mea. Ke manao ua elegantly na mea a koi wale i ka hapakolu o ka helu o nā māhele o ka palapala kükohu, ka hoʻolako 'e like me kona mau Me ka mana.

Ke koena unuhi, a me ka mākau Pake o Charles Babbage hoʻohana i ka ia auoiaea noonoo manao, i ole waleʻo ka printout ma ka pepa, akā, i 'akomi hana stereotypes a me kā lākou mau makemake waihona e like me ka hoʻoholo ma muaʻia o kaʻaoʻao Aʻole. I ka Ia manawa ka meaʻike i ka manawa kūpono o ana i ka laina kiʻekiʻe, ka helu o nā kolamu, i ka laula o ke kula, e hoʻolako 'akomi pelu lalani a me kolamu a me ka hoʻokomo' ana i pepa hakahaka laina no ka readability.

'āina hoʻoili

Kaawale mai kekahi mau hapa 'ia i hanaʻia e nā ana hoʻohālike me mechanicalʻaha kanaka a me ka hoao ana o ka poe liilii, hana pauku, i kekahi o na hale a i ole, ua hoʻokō maopopo no ke ola Babbage. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hui pūʻia i loko o 1832 ka hoʻohālike ua hapa 1/7 №1 koena unuhi Pake, a oia no ma kahi o elua tausani. Apana. Ua hana flawlessly a hiki i kēia lā a me ka mea o ka mua loa holomua 'akomi Me na mea maalea, e kakau mai i ka makemakika hoʻomaulia i loko o keʻano papa hana. Babbage make ka wā e hele ana i kekahi mea uuku mana hapa o ka mākau Pake. He nui lāliʻi o ka 'ole mea i ka malamaia, e like me ka pono me ka piha Archive o Nails a me nā memo.

Projects nunui mechanical e kamepiula 'ē aʻe Babbage noʻonoʻo i kekahi o ka mea kupaianaha' imi naʻauao e piʻi like o ka XIX kenekulia. Wale i loko o nā makahiki o kona hana i ua? Anoee ma au mamuli, a me ke degere o ka nui o ka mea āna i hana ai, i oi ka nohoaliʻi.