Charophytes: hōʻikeʻano, me nā hale, nā'ōlelo a me ka ho'āʻo

Ke kaiaola, ma a me ka nui, a hiki i ka nīnūnē loa hilinaʻi ma luna o ke kanu nui lalo nā pūʻulu. Ka hapanui maikaʻi keiki ma luna o ka mea i lala kekahi o na keena papa. Aia mau, koe i waena o ka limu. Mau nā 'Oihana charophytes, a i ola hope o ka wa kahiko. ʻO kekahi mea o ia i keia la keia pae ana o? Ueo ua poe i like he ākea me nā 'elele o ke aupuni. Ma ke ala, i kēia waeʻano o ka līoho kapa harofitami.

General 'ike e pili ana i ka hui Charales

Externally, na ka līoho i nunui ai manamana ai mea kanu me ka hailona no oko mai nā lālā 'ē aʻe o ke aupuni. Inā 'oe hoʻokokoke ili i ka' ole Ka Ikepili o keia pae, he mea hiki, e hookahuli ai ia me ka luna papa o ka mea kanu. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka lalo Hara hui pu iho hiʻona o ka līoho, a kiekie ae kanu, a ua hoikeia mai i loko o kā lākou mau hana. He nui ka e hoailona oukou i ka loaʻa nō nāʻano o kēia pae, hui ma ka lokomaikai. I ka lā, i ka i kēia examples charophytes ku mai: .. Hara Aspera, Nitella Fleksilis, Nitella Sinkarpa etc. kekahi? Ueo kamaʻilioʻana, e noho kokoke kino o ka wai, oiai kekahi poe i loko o na Hono, ka waikai uka o ic ??. Loa pinepine Stoneworts e ulu ana e kaua ana o kekahi mau 'elele ma mua o kekahi e kekahi. Penei, ka mea hana ka nalu, e uhi ana i nā'āpana o ke? Aieeeua lalo.

kanu systematics

No ka lōʻihi manawaʻepekema hiki ole kaʻoi loa ka hoʻoholo 'ana i kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana pae o ka mea kanu i charophytes i loko o kona papa kuhikuhi hana. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke alo o ka chlorophyll ma na keena o ka pūʻulu A a me B i kumu e hāʻawi aku i ka mea kanu i ka elele o Chlorophyta oihana. Ma ka lokomaikai o keia Mea Maluna hoike ana i ke alo o ka pia a me ka'ūhū me kekahi iāʻoe. E like me nā haʻawina, me ka līoho i ua komo i loko o Charophyta Oihana. Ke kumu no ia mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana i malamaʻi, me he kakahiaka lālā o ka mea kanu ma uliuli līoho. Aia ua no hoi he manao i ka pūʻulu hiki e manao like i waena, mai mosses i ka uliuli līoho. Hoikehonua, hookahi no hopena o biochemical, hakakino a me ka ultrastructural kālailai hooholo pehea Stoneworts laʻelaʻe 'ia Streptophyta Oihana. Ma ka mea hookahi waeʻano nā zignematalnye mea kanu.

I ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o ka

E hoʻomaka, ia e ke kaulana i loaʻa i ekolu walaʻauʻanaʻano o kēia mau mea kanu. Kēia 'ana Hara, a Nitella a me Tolipella. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka mea mua ano e wehewehe aku ma ka cosmopolitan hoi o ka makana, a makemake lepo loko. Lākou maoli kaianoho koholā - i ka hohonu o ka 1-1.5 m + He mea nui i ka wai ua maemae,ʻaʻole muddy .. Ma kekahi, ao ke ano o keia ano keia ano hiki ke kapaia ka loa unpretentious - no ka laʻana, mea kanu ke ola i loko o ka waikai a me ka freshwater hana kūpono. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ka wai no ia i ka maikaʻi. Like no ke ano o Nitella, kona 'elele i oi prone i ka wai, a me ka mea i loaʻa i loko o loko me ka one lalo. Inā charophytes mua lokomaikai mai i makemake substrates, keia ano ma ka haiia no ke komo maluna kēia kaiāulu - e like me silt koena ai. Tolipella i ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka lepo, pela hooholo koke hoʻopulapula ma ka one ma ka lepo, a me kaʻoi loa i loko o ka uuku hohonu.

habitats

Ma Rusia, keia pae ana o ka līoho ola i loko o ke West Siberian Plain a me Hawaiian. Mai ka hapalua like-umikumamaiwa ke kenekulia, nä känaka 'epekema mau hou populations a me nā wahi e ike ole līoho. He noteworthy i loko o kekahi ana Stoneworts ke i pono ma luna o ke ahiahi o ka poeikohoia o na mea kanu kiekie ae. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ua ike ia ma ka ephemeral, a hoohainu iho la i mai pauku o Reservoir. I ka lā, i loko o kaʻaoʻao hema o ka West Siberian Plain loaʻa 17 laha 'o Chara, a me 4 Nitella? Ueo. Aia mau no hoi emi, he pono ole? Ueo e hiki no hoi ia i ka hoʻok & lanakila no kona kūpono 'ana ma o ka' ē aʻe kanu. Ma keia hihia, loko a me ka pohopoho'āina i kaupalena 'charophytes. Nā lālā o ka genus o Nitella, no kekahi laʻana, ua loaʻa wale nō i loko o nā awāwa o ka nui muliwai a me ka ululāʻau steppes. A mamua o ka mea i ka pauʻano o Charales mea kanu i loko o ia mau wahi ua nui lalo like keia me ka ia loko iʻa.

'ole

Ma Charales kekahi o ka loa luna 'nā hale o ka thallus ia ma kekahi aoao, a alakai ai i kā lākou similarity me kiekie mea kanu. Lākou kino ua differentiated i loko o ka interstices a me kiʻekiʻe-papa eiiiiiaiou, a i ke aupuni 'ma whorls o lala. I ka waikai a me ka freshwater o ic ??, ka mea e pili ana i ka honua ma rhizoids. Like no ka mea like me ka mea kiekie oia ka mea kanu, ma kēia pōʻaiapili, olelo ai i ke i hornwort a me ka horsetail. Thallus kiekie kīnā ka awelika o 30 knm, he mea la he poe nui o ka mai i 120 knm, ke kīloi paʻewa na lala i loa i kaupalena 'ia, no laila, ke kanu colonizes ka lalo mea,ʻaʻole loa pilipaa. Akā, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i nā hiʻona i loaʻa charophytes. Ke 'ole ua wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka lōʻihi internodes aeee e ulu wauke mai nā ololi a me ka uuku keena. Ua mea noteworthy i ka iwi o ka obyzvestlennaya keena.

ka līoho nā'ōlelo

Stoneworts pae o nā mea kanu typical o ka moe, a vegetative propagation. Vegetative iaoia hoʻokō hoʻohana nodule ke aupuni 'ma rhizoids. Eia hou, i kēia kuleana pili i ua papahana hoku-hoʻokino ke kelepona hele hoʻomāhuahua, Aia ma luna o ka lalo kumu nodules. Ka mea, e hanau ana i ka hou thallium. Higher hooulu ana i ke ola o ka mea kanu kīnā 'īnea i nā loko poe oogonia a me ka antheridium. Ua multicellular 'ole i pinepine hoʻomōhala ma luna o ka mea hookahi mea kanu. Naʻe, i ka ike a me ka dioecious charophytes, akā, me ko lakou haawi aku nei,ʻaʻole no ka nui. Manawa i kona unpretentiousness i ka noho ana Hara pono he mau makahiki ke uhi i ka nui ele ele, ho okumu i ke ana o nā lāʻau kukū.

reproductive nā loko

Antheridium kohu i kekahi mea poepoe, kona anawaena i e 0.5 mm o. Initially, ka mea i he omaomao iki hue, akā, i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ke ola hoʻololi 'ana i ia i kaʻulaʻula pahaʻalani. Ua mea ma luna o ka unicellular pōkole kumu 'ole, a he 8 i lalo keena pono e kelepona i kekahi i kekahi me ka serrated lua penei. Mai ke kikowaena hapa o kēlā me kēia panel-aeee kuhikuhi antheridium palapala paukūʻolokaʻa i lawelawe, pau i loko o ka hoʻopoepoe poo ma i kekahi mau keena i hoonohonoho me ka uuku hapa. Kēlā me kēia no ia, oia he mau haneri keena me spermatogenic pae. I ka huli, kela mea keia mea o ka lānai hou i hana aeee i hana anterozoid. Me ka pili ana i ka oogonia, ka mea, i kekahi 'ano nui nui, ka wā like me ka antheridium. Crustal keena a puni ia, a lilo i ka ano o kaʻoni iho kalaunu. Ma keia kino charophytes māmala'ōlelo i loko o hoʻokahi nui Kepakailiula. Sperm keena lei kŰlń ao, a ua makaʻeo i loko o oogonia. E möakäka hou karyogamy ia lŘlŘ ma ke kahua o ka zygote.

Oihana Charales mea kanu

Ke biosystem waiwai o ke ola o kēia mau līoho mea ole nui, eia nae kilo'ōlelo aku nei au i kekahi mau ole ma ka hydrological kāʻei kua a me ka liluwelo mea e like ai o ka wai kino ma a lakou i noho ai. Ma 'ana, ke koʻana koko pololei i ka pilina paʻa, a me ka ia no hoi o ke kahua o kūikawā biocenosis. kanu lau i loko o ka ulu ana kaʻina hana lawe ma luna o ka helu nui o epiphytes. Kēia microscopic koʻohune a me ka līoho, i malama like ai na invertebrates. Eia hou kekahi, manoanoa charophytes i hana ia ma kekahi alanui he awa no ia liilii, a i loaʻa i loko o ka undergrowth paena malu mai Moana. Ma loko me ka anuanu kanu ka ulu ia lŘlŘ oi uuku mosquito larvae. Kēia mea manawa ole wale i ka hoomaluia mai, akā, no hoi i ka hana o ka ho'ākāka 'ia antibiotics i paka mea kanu. I ka Ia manawa, i ka līoho ke lilo ai no na manu. Ua Ua malama i ka Akuma ka lele wale ma ka wai Reservoir. Waterfowl ka hapanui hoʻohana i ka zygote oospores, a ma keia manawa i piha me ka momona droplets.

Noi i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka Science

Pūʻulu 'ae hoʻohana i mea kanu o ke kanaka ke ola me ka nānā' ana i ka waiwai i kakauiaʻi maloko. No ka laʻana, i ke alo o ka Lime e līoho uʻi no ka hoʻohana like mea hoʻomomona. Ma kekahi, charophytes Charophyta Oihana mea pono, mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka lako hou kaumaha lepo papa. E like me ka hou lapaʻau me maoli accumulations o sediments Charales hana i ka curative mud. Ma nā makahiki, hoihoi i loko o kēia pae o ka mea kanu e hoike ana akamai i loko o ka mahinaʻai o biophysical noiʻi. Nui aeee, ho okumu i interstices, ae heʻoi ao o ka cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi no lākou permeability.

ka hopena

Stoneworts ke kiʻekiʻe o losing kona kulana ma ke kanu luna kiʻekiʻe. I loko nō o ka ia'ku o kekahi laha 'o ka līohoʻikepili i mawaho ololi, i ka laha o ka mea hoʻohaumia i loko o hydrological kumu waiwai nō keakea, i ke kaʻina hana o ko lākou ulu. No hoi, mai hoopoina i charophytes - he pūʻulu o lalo, ka līoho, i mea he malumalu loulou ma waena o kekahi i ka oihana. A me naʻe kānakaʻepekema i keia la, he systematize keia pae, he nui no ka hoailona o kona elele hōʻike 'ana i evolutionary loli ma ka ia thallus. Ma ka kekahi lima, poe akamai i ike ia, ma ka like ana me na fossils, laekahi Stoneworts i okoa like waiwai 'ano.