Crimea: i ka mōʻaukala o ka Peninsula. Pehea e hoʻomōhala ana i Crimea, a ka mea i ka mooolelo o kona poe kanaka?

A makahiki aku nei, i ka Crimean Peninsula i kekahi hapa o ka moku'āina o Ukraine. Akā, ma hope o ka March 16, 2014, oia i UAIAaIN e "wahi o ka noho" a lilo ae la kekahi hapa o ka Russian Hui. Ua Ua Nolaila loa wehewehe i ka mahuahua hoihoi i loko o ana e kūkulu i ka Crimea. I ka moolelo o ka Peninsula ka loa a me ka ino, pili.

Ka mea mua e noho ma ka aina kahiko

I ka moolelo o na kanaka a pau o ka Crimea nā lā hoʻi kekahi mau millennia. Ma ka Peninsula, ka noiʻi loaʻa i ka i koe iho o kahiko kanaka e noho ana a hiki hoʻi i ka Paleolithic'āina. Kokoke i ka i? Iaie? Kiik-Koba a me Staroselie archaeologists loaʻa i nā iwi o ka poʻe i i ia manawa noho i kēia wahi.

Ma ka mea mua Ka Wā Kaukani BC, ka Cimmerians noho 'aneʻi, i ka hao a me ka Scythians. Ma ka aoao o ka lāhui kanaka ia oa ?? eoi?, A he oiaio, ua kona mauna a me ka Hawaiian māhele nō i kapaia o Tauris, momoku ahi, a me Tauridia. Makamua poʻe komo i loko o kēia,ʻaʻole momona loa'āina mahiʻai a me ka holoholona mahinaai, e like me iʻiʻo holoholona hihiu a me ka lawaiʻa. Ke ao nei ua hou, hou a me ka huali.

Nā Helene, i ka Roma, me ka Goths

Akā, no kekahi o na Hawaii loa uʻi i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka wahi kahiko ia huli mai ia e ua pń mai Crimea. I ka moolelo o ka Peninsula, a i Keia o ka Helene. Around 6-5 kenekulia ka BC, hoomaka ae la i ka wahi e 'Imi panalāʻau mua i ka poe Helene. Ka mea, hoʻokumu i ka pau panalaau ia, ma hope a hiki i ka moku'āina mua. Nā Helene i lawe mai ai a me ka ia i ka pomaikai o ka noho maikai ana: ka mea, i ke kukulu ana i na luakini a me nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ainoeieoa a me nā bato ke komo iloko. I keia manawa, hoomaka e hoʻomōhala shipbuilding. Ua mea, mai ka Greek kākau moʻolelo i wahi i ka ulu ana o ka viticulture. Nō hoʻi, no ka Helene kanu laau oliva, 'aneʻi, a nāna e ma ka aila ohi. He maluhia, e olelo aku ia ia me ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka Helene moolelo o Crimea Ua loaa mai i ka hou impetus.

Akā, ma hope o kekahi mau kenekulia, me ka ikaika Rome i kona maka ma luna o kēia oa ?? eoi? A hopu kekahi hapa o ke kahakai. Kēia 'ana ana a hiki i ka 6th kenekulia AD. Akā, no ka nui pōʻino i ka kūpono 'ana o ke Peninsula kena Kokika ohana i kaua akula i ka 3-4th kenekulia, a ma i popoi ae Greek moku'āina. ʻOiai makaukau koke mea, hoʻoikaika ihola nā lāhui kanaka, kūpono 'ana o ke Crimea loa loa i ia manawa ia ka meheu o ia.

Khazaria a Tmutarakan

Crimea ua i kapaia kahiko Khazars, a ma kekahi Lūkiniʻoihana aliʻi i kēia oa ?? eoi? Kapa tmutarakani. A ka mea, ke ole imaginative inoa o ka wahi ma luna a me ka Crimea. Mōʻaukala Ua haʻalele ka Peninsula ma ka ninau mau toponymic inoa, a ma kekahi manawa a me kekahi kapa keia hapa o ka honua, ka aina nuipa a. E hoʻomaka ana mai ka 5 la kenekulia, ke Crimea holoʻokoʻa hina ma lalo o ka ikaika Byzantine keiki. Akā, ua i loko o ka 7th kenekulia, i ka pau 'āpana o ke Peninsula (koe Chersonese) mea i loko o ka Khazar Khaganate, ikaika a me ka ikaika. I mea no ke aha la i loko o Western Europe i kapaia "Khazars" i loaʻa i loko o nā moʻolelo i kākau lima. Akā, Rusia a me Khazars a pau manawa enemi, a ma ka mōʻaukala 960-makahiki hoʻomaka Lūkini Crimea. Khanate luku, a me nā mea a pau i pili i Khazar Old Lūkini moku'āina ona. Ano, ua kapaia tmutarakani keia wahi.

Ma ke ala, Maanei, Kiev Prince Vladimir, ka mea i Kherson (Korsun) i loko o 988 Ua kauoha aku christened.

Tatar-Mongol Trail

Mai ke kenekulia 13th ka mōʻaukala o ka hoohui o Crimea hou e hoʻomōhala ana i ka oihana ha i: ka Peninsula ka lele kaua Mongol-Tatars.

Aia ua hana ka Crimean Khanate - he mahele o ke Gula iā Goga. Ma hope o ka Zolotaya Orda mahaeʻana, ma 1443 ma ka Peninsula he mea Krymskoe Hanstvo. I ka 1475, ka mea pono, e hina ia ma lalo o ka aoao o Tureke. Ua mea, maiʻaneʻi hana ino lehulehu ma ka Polish, Lūkini a me ka Ukrainian aina. A i ka pau ana o ka 15th kenekulia, ke kaua i laha, a hooweliweli i ka pono o nā ka Moscow State a me Poland. Holo nōhie, ioioie? O Kauai i no nike hana: ka mea, e i pio kanaka, a kuai ia i loko o ka noho kauā kuapaʻa i loko o ke kauwa wahi o Tureke. Kekahi o na kumu no ka paa o Zaporizhzhya Sich i ka 1554 ua ia'ku i mau nei no ka naʻi.

Lūkini moʻolelo

Russian Crimea hoolilo moʻolelo hoomau i ka 1774, ka wā i ke Kuikahi o Küçük Kaynarca i kakauinoa ia. Ma hope o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua o 1768-1774 hele mai a hiki i ka hopena kokoke 300 makahiki o Ottoman domination. Na Kauai hōʻole i Crimea. Ka mea, ua i keia manawa ma ka Peninsula ma laila nō nā kūlanakauhale nui loa o Sevastopol a me Simferopol. Crimea ua booming, ke kala ua ua hoʻopuka kālā 'aneʻi, hoʻomaka ka kokololio flowering o ka hana a me ka kalepa.

Akā, Tureke i ole e haawi mai i na manao e • loaʻa hou i ka uʻi hana pololei a me ka hoomakaukau ana no ke kaua hou. E pono e uku aku i ka waiwai auhau i ka poe kaua Lūkini, a i ole ae e hana ai. kekahi kaua ma hope o KE KUIKAHI o Jassy i kakauinoaia i ka 1791.

Willful olelo hooholo o Ana II

No laila, nae he Peninsula manawa hapa o ka mana aupuni a pau, nona ka inoa - Rusia. Crimea, kona mōʻaukala ka loaʻa o ka hailonaʻana o ka hoʻololi mai ka lima a he lima, i nele i ka ikaika malu. Lilo hema aina Pono e e hoomaluia e hōʻoia palena maluhia. Empress Ana II haawiia ia Prince Potemkin e noiʻi i nā pono a me ka nawaliwali o ka hoohui o Crimea. I ka 1782, Potemkin kakau laua i palapala no ka Empress, a e Kiʻi ma ka hookamaia o mau manaʻo nui. Ana e like me kona manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē. I ka hoomaopopo pehea nui ka Crimea no ka hoʻoponopono na pilikia o ka moku'āina, a me ka kuwaho kuanaʻike.

April 8, 1783 Ana II palapala i ka manifesto ma ka ka piʻiʻana o ka Crimea. Ua ua he fateful palapala. Mai ia manawa, mai ia la, Rusia, i ka Crimea, ka mōʻaukala o ke aupuni a pau, a me ka Peninsula ua pili loa intertwined no kenekulia. E like me ka Manifesto, i olelo mai ai nā mea a pau Crimean noho hoomalu ana o ka ?? eoi? Mai o ka poʻeʻenemi, i ka malama ana o ka waiwai a me ka manaoio.

Naʻe, i ka o Tureke no ka ka piʻiʻana o ka Crimea i Rusia ike ewalu wale mahina hope. A pau i kēia manawa, ke kahua a puni ka Peninsula ua like Makamae. A pau ka manifesto i paʻiʻia, ka mea mua o ka, laulea a hiki i ka Russian aupuni a hoʻohiki clerics a wale laila - ka heluna kanaka holoʻokoʻa. Ke Peninsula hooponopono pāpāiʻawa hang, ahaaina, lawe pāʻani a me ka lio apau ia, fireworks pana pua aku makou pūkuniahi i haawi mai ai i ka lewa. E like me kaulana ma ka wā, i ka holoʻokoʻa Crimea me kaʻoliʻoli a me ka hauʻoli, i hooholoia i ka Russian aupuni a pau.

Mai laila, ke Crimea, ke Peninsula mōʻaukala a me ka aoao o ke ola o kona heluna kanaka i inextricably ua hoʻopili i nā mea a pau i nā hanana i i wahi ma ka Russian aupuni a pau.

A ikaika impetus i ka ulu ana o ka

hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka manawa pōkole History o ka Crimea ma hope o ka hoʻohui'āina i ka Russian aupuni a pau i loko o hoʻokahi hua'ōlelo - "blossoming." Aia i ka hoomaka ana e hoʻomaka koke hoʻomōhala hana a me ka mahiʻai, winemaking, viticulture. Ma nā kūlanakauhale aia nō ia, a me ka paakai ipu, na kanaka 'Imi ulu oihana ano laulea.

No ka Crimea mea i loko o ka loa a me ka mahana ano aniau, he nui waiwai kanaka Tsarist Rusia makemake e kiʻi 'aneʻi aina. Noblemen, nā lālā o ka 'ohana aliʻi, industrialists, noonoo iho la ia i ka hanohano o ka loaʻa i kaʻohana waiwai ma luna o ka Peninsula. Ma ka 19 la - i kakahiaka nui 20 la kenekulia, ma laila hoʻomaka ka kokololio flowering o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone. Luna o ka hana, i nā aliʻi wāhine, Lūkini waiwai e hana ana i 'aneʻi i ka pau hale aliʻi, mai hemo nani nā wahi ulu lāʻau i i hookoeia mai ai ma luna o ka mokuna o Crimea i keia la. A ma hope o ka hanohano o ka Peninsula e hoomaino Artists, nā mea hana keaka, ka poʻe mele, Artists, keaka-goers. Crimea ua lilo i ka nohona mecca o ka Russian aupuni a pau.

Mai poina e pili ana i ka salubrious aniau o ka Peninsula. No ka mea, ua maopopo na kumu ao i ka lewa o ka Crimea mea loa maikaʻi no ka lapaʻau o tuberculosis,ʻaneʻi ka nuipa a noho malihini ai ke aikane, e loaa mai keia make maʻi. Crimea ua lilo uʻi ole wale no ke koena o ka bohemian, akā, no hoi no ka ola oo? Ecia.

Together me ka mea a pau aupuni

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 20th kenekulia ka Peninsula? Ac? Pu me ke aupuni holoʻokoʻa. 'Aʻole i hala ia, a me ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, a me ka mahope kivila kaua. Ka mea, ua mai ka Crimea (Yalta, Sevastopol, Theodosia) hele aku la i hala iho nei moku a me nā ipu, ma i ka Lūkini haʻalele i ka Lūkini intelligentsia. Ma keia wahi ua he nui Exodus 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko. Ke aupuni i hana i ka hou'ōnaehana, a me ka Crimea makemake e haʻalele.

Ua ua i loko o ka 20s o ka hope kenekulia ana i loko o ka Crimea hou 'ana o nā mea a pau-Union ola e akoakoa ai. I ka 1919, i ka Bolsheviksʻae i ka "olelo paa SNK ma ka pākōlea mau mea o ke aupuni nui." Crimea ua kākauʻia i loko o kona ula laina. A makahiki ma hope kakauinoa kekahi nui palapala - ". Ma hoʻohana o Crimea no ka iapaau ana o ka poe hana" ke kauoha

A hiki i ke kaua, i ka Peninsula ?? eoi? E e hoʻohana i kekahi e akoakoa ai na consumptives. At Yalta i ka 1922, a hiki e kaumaha ana i ka hana kūikawā Institute o Tuberculosis. Nā pāhana ma ka kūpono 'ilikai, a koke ka Sri ua lilo he nui mawaena konu o ka aina no ka akemāmāʻoki kino.

Epochal Crimean hālāwai

Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War, ka Peninsula ua i ka loa o ka papakaukau koa hana. Here mākou kaua ma luna o ka'āina, a ma ke kai, ma o ka lewa, a ma na kuahiwi. Mau kūlanakauhale - Sevastopol a me Kerch - loaa i ka inoa o Hero City no i nui na makana i ka lanakila ma luna o fascism.

Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i nā kānaka a pau e noho ai ka multinational Crimea, kaua ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Soviet Army. Kekahi elele o ka Crimean Tatars ke akea kākoʻo komohewa. I mea no ke aha la i loko o ka makahiki 1944 Stalin kānāwai i ka deportation o Crimean Tatars ma waho o Crimea. Haneri o ka Loko i ka lā i lawe mai i ka lahuikanaka a ma Central Asia.

Crimea hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala hoomaikai ana i ka mea i loko o Pepeluali 1945, i paʻa ma ka Livadia Palace ma Yalta kūkā. Luna o na superpowers ekolu - Stalin (USSR), Roosevelt (USA) a me Churchill (United Kingdom) - kakau inoa ma Crimea nui palapala kūwaho hoʻi ma luna a me ka honua mea, ua ho'ākāka 'ia no ka nui loa kia-kaua makahiki.

Crimea - Ukrainian

I ka makahiki 1954 e hiki mai i ka hou milestone. Ke Soviet alakaʻi nō e hoolilo i ka Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Repubalika o Crimea. I ka moolelo o ka Peninsula hoomaka ae la e kūkulu i ka hou ha i. Ke Initiative hele kino mai i ka laila poo o ka Communist Party Nikita Khrushchev.

Kēia i hana i ka poepoe lā: i ka hookahi makahiki i ka aina kaulana i ka 300th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka Pereyaslav Rada. E hoomanao o kēia ka lā a me ka hōʻikeʻike i ka mea, ua hui pu ka Lūkini, a Ukrainian kanaka, i hoololiia Crimea i ka Ukrainian SSR. Ano, eia ka e ike i ka pau, a me ka hapa o ka pau paʻa o "Ukraine - Crimea". I ka moolelo o ka Peninsula nichinaet ho'ākāka 'ia ma Contemporary moʻolelo me ka slate maʻemaʻe.

He mea i hoʻoholo 'hoʻokele waiwai hoaponoia, ua mea he maikai ana, e lawe ia no i koe - na ninau eʻaʻole iʻikeʻia ma ka manawa. Mai ka Soviet Union i kekahi, i haawi ole kekahi kūikawā nui i ina paha Crimea e ia i kauwahi o ka RSFSR, a me ka Ukrainian SSR.

Kū kaʻawale i loko o Ukraine

Ka wā i hanaʻia he aupuni kūʻokoʻa Ukrainian ana, ka Crimea ua loaa i ke kūlana o ke kū kaʻawale. Ma September 1991, e hoohana i ke Kuahaua o State ea o ka Lepupalika. A December 1, 1991 He referendum i paʻa i loko o a 54% o ka Crimean heluna kākoʻo i ke kuokoa o Ukraine. I May aʻe makahiki, aponoia ka Kumukanawai o ka Repubalika o Crimea, a ma Pepeluali 1994 i koho Crimeans ka mua Peresidena o ka Repubalika o Crimea. Ka mea, lilo Yuri Meshkov.

Ua ua i loko o nā makahiki o perestroika a pau hoopaapaa hoomaka ae la e ala mai oi pinepine i Khrushchev haawi Crimea i Ukraine illegally. Pro-Russian olelo la ma ka Peninsula ua loa ikaika. Nolaila, i ka wa i ka manawa maopopo, Crimea hoi i Rusia.

Fateful March 2014 la

Oiai ma Ukraine ma ka hopena o 2013 - kakahiaka nui 2014 i hoomaka ai e ulu nui-unahiʻole, i ke aupuni ka hoʻoponopono ulia, oi a oi mau leo i loko o ka Crimea i ka Peninsula i e hoʻi i Rusia. Ma ka po o ka 26 ma Pepeluali 27 ma kaʻikeʻole kanaka i ka Lūkini hae i hoala mai ai ma luna o ka hale o ka Aha Kukakuka Malu o Crimea.

Ka Aha Council o Crimea, a Sevastopol City Council apono i ka hoakaka i ke kuokoa o Crimea. I ka Ia manawa, ua Kupanaha ka manao, e hoopaa ia mea a pau-Crimean referendum. Initially, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa 'ia no March 31, akā, laila, waiho wale aku no elua pule mamua aku - ma March 16. Crimean referendum hualoaʻa he kilakila: ma ka Crimea hui Rusia hooholoia 96,6% o ka poe koho. Ka pono nui o ka kākoʻo no ka olelo hooholo o ka Crimean Peninsula heluna, he 81,3%.

ʻO kēia moolelo o ka Crimea mau, e lawe shape mua ko kakou mau maka. 'Aʻole i' ike nā'āina a pau i ke kūlana o Crimea. Akā, Crimeans noho me ka manaoio ma ka malamalama wā e hiki mai.