General Dmitry Karbyshev, Hero o ka Soviet Union: A Kawaihae. Feat o General Karbysheva

Future Hero o ka Soviet Union Dmitry Karbyshev i hānau i loko o 1880 ma Omsk. He ua aristocratic kêia kanaka: i kona makua kāne hana like me ka oihana luna. When ke poo o kaʻohana make prematurely, ua wale 12 makahiki o ke keiki, a lawe malama ia mea, haule iho la ia ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o ka makuwahine.

kamaliʻi

Family waiwai Tatar aa, a no i ka lāhui a me ka poe haipule hui Kryashens i hooiaio i Orthodoxy, ma naʻe o ka Turkic kumu. Dmitry Karbyshev i kekahi kaikuaana i. I ka makahiki 1887ʻo ia i hopu ai komo i loko o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana o nā haumāna ma Kazan kula nui. Vladimir i hopu, a me kaʻohana loaʻa ia iho i loko o ka quandary.

Aka hoi, Dmitry Karbyshev hiki ke hoʻopau i ka Siberian Cadet mau pūʻali no ka mea, o ko lākou mau talena a me ka hooikaika ana. Ma hope iho o kēia hoʻonaʻauao kula ma muli o ka hana 'enekinia Nikolaev kula. Ua i opiopio koa ia ia iho. Ua hoouna Karbyshev a hiki i ka mokuna a hiki i Manchuria, kahi āna i mālama ai i kekahi o nā aliʻi i loko o kaʻaha kanaka, He kuleana no ka telegraphy.

I ka hana i loko o ka imperial koa

Ma ka Ewa o ka Lūkini-Japanese War, he Junior luna loaa i ke ano o ka lutanela. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka puali kaua, i hoouna Dmitry Karbyshev e noiʻi ana. He wālua palapala, kuleana no ke ano o ka na alahaka ma ke alo, a i kekahi i loko o kekahi mea nui kaua. Penei, ia i loaʻa iā ia iho i loko o ka mānoanoa o ka outbreak o ke kaua o Mukden.

Ma hope o ke kaua,ʻo ia ka hua olelo i noho ai i loko o Vladivostok, kahi āna i noho ai, e lawelawe i loko o ka Battalion. Ma ka 1908-1911 biennium. he luna aʻo ma ka Nikolayev Koa 'enekinia, Academy. Pau ia, hele aku la ia i Brest-Litovsk like me ka luna, kahi āna i komo i loko o ka hana o ka Brest pā kaua.

No kēia mau makahiki Karbyshev ua ma luna o ka komohana palena o ka aina, oia loaʻa iā ia iho ma ke alo o ka First World War, mai ka lā loa mua o kona kūkala. Ka hapa nui o ka luna o ke ola i paʻa ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o ke kaulana Alekseya Brusilova. Ka mea, ua ka South-Western Front, kahi Rusia ua ma ke kaua ana me Austria-Hungary, me ka loli iki ana i ka pomaikai. No ka laʻana, Karbyshev komo i loko o ka holomua ka hopu ana o Przemysl, a ma Brusilov Ua Hopu. Nā lā hope o ke kaua Karbyshev hoolilo ia ma luna o ka mokuna me Romania, kahi āna i hana ma ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka pale kulana. Ma ka papa o ka makahiki mau ma ke alo,ʻo ia e hoʻokele no ka pana ma ka uha mua, akā, hoi aku la no i ke kahua.

E hele ana i loko o ka Red Army

Ma October 1917, ma Petrograd coup, ma hope a ka Bolsheviks hele mai i ka mana. Vladimir Lenin makemake e hoʻopau i ke kaua me Germany me ka hikiwawe e loaa, e hoʻouna hou i ko lakou poe koa, e kaua aku na poe enemi: keʻokeʻo neʻeʻana. E hana i kēia, ka mea, hoomaka ae la he papakaukau propaganda, campaigning no Soviet mana i loko o ke kaua.

Penei nō Karbyshev loaʻa iā ia iho i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka Red halepaahao. Ma ka mea,ʻo ua kuleana no e hoʻolālā i ka hana kūlana pale a me ka hana 'enekinia,. Oi loa aku hoi i ka puu o Karbyshev i loko o ka Volga'āina, ma loko o 1918-1919. He holo ka hikina mai Front. Tālena a me ka hana i ka lunaʻenehana kōkua i ka Red Army e loaa i kekahi foothold i loko o ka'āina, a no ka hoʻomau 'ana i kona mua i na Urals. Karbysheva 'oihana ka ulu ana culminated i loko o ke kauoha o ka 5th Army o ka Red Army ma ka kekahi o na alakai nā kūlana hana. Kanawai kaua,ʻo ia pau i loko o ka Crimea, kahi ana i ua kuleana no ka hana 'enekinia, hana ma Perekop e kuhikuhi ana i ka Peninsula me ka pelapela.

Ma waena o ka World Wars

I ka wa o ka maluhia na 20s a me 30s Karbyshev hoʻoili ma ka ao ma koa ahahui 'imi naʻauao a hiki lilo i Kumu. Kekahi manawa,ʻo ia komo i loko o ka manaʻo o ka mea nui aeuiiai ieaia? Papahana o ka pale. No ka laʻana, ua e kamailio ana "Stalin mau Airlines".

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka Russo-Pinilana Kaua i ka 1939 i ikeia'ku Karbyshev ma ka ke keʻena luna, kakau iho la oia i kahi ona e koi no ka Hopu kūlana pale Mannerheim Line. A makahiki ma hope, ua lilo iho la i ka Lutanela-General a me Kauka o koa Sciences.

I loko nō o kona journalistic hana i kākau Karbyshev hana ma ka hana 'enekinia ma kahi o 100. E like me ka heluna o nā puke a me nā mea i ao ai kōkua iā ia, hoomakaukau iho la na mea he nui Red Army poe akamai i mai a hiki i ke Kaua Honua II. Oi loa aku hoi i ka puu o ka manawa hoolilo i ke ao Karbyshev mau pukana o ka piʻi aʻe i ka muliwai iloko o na puali o onei. I ka 1940, ua hui i ka CPSU (b).

Kelemānia pio

A mau pule ma mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Great Patriotic War, i hoouna General Karbyshev, e lawelawe i loko o ka ke keʻena luna o ka 3rd Army. He ua ma Grodno - kokoke loa i ka mokuna. Ka mea, ua iʻaneʻi i hoouna mai i na hahau mua o ka Wehrmacht ka wā o ka June 22, 1941, hoomaka ae la ka hana e blitzkrieg.

A mau lā ma hope, ua hoopuniia lakou i ka poe koa ke keʻena luna a me Karbyshev. Ke ho'āʻo nei e pakele, mai ka ieoaeunoai mea e holomua, a ua ku oia i ka luna i loko o ka Mogilev'āina, kokoke i ka Dnieper River.

Once ma ka noho pio ana, ia ua he wahi lihi iki o ka lehulehu mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, i ka hope o ka mea i Mauthausen. General Karbyshev ua he kaulana hoʻomalu, a ma kahi e aku. No ia mea, o ka ke Kelemānia a mai ka Gestapo, a me ka SS ho'āʻo keʻano o ka aoao e lanakila ma luna o ia i konaʻaoʻao i hou opiopio luna i hiki kekahi waiwai 'ike i ka German ke keʻena luna, a kōkua Reich.

Ka Nazis manaoio i ka mea oluolu ke koi Karbysheva kōkua 'ana me ia. I ka luna ua mai o ke aliʻi,ʻo ia i mālama i loko o ka tsarist kaua no na makahiki. Kēia mau hiʻona biographies ke olelo aku nei au i General Karbyshev - huikau kanaka ma Bolshevik koʻikoʻi a hanohano, a me ka olioli e i ka hana me ka Reich.

60-makahiki-kahiko luna kekahi mau manawa ma ka wehewehe i kamaʻilio alakai aku ai i ka mea pili Aupuni, akā, i ke kanakaʻelemakule,ʻaʻole no ke kōkua 'ana me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Kēlā me kēia manawa,ʻo ia, hooiaio ae hai aku i ka Soviet Union ka lanakila i loko o ke Kaua Honua II, a me ka Nazis i make. i olelo None o kona hana ole i ka paahao no na uhaʻi ai nalowale naau.

i Hammelburg

Ma ke kupulau o 1942 Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich i hoolilo ai i Hammelburg. Ua ua he kūikawā lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai no ka pio luna. Eia no ia, e hana i ka loa oluolu ka noho. No laila, i ka Kelemānia alakaʻi ho'āʻo e lanakila ma luna o ka mea kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe luna o ka enemi poe koa, i keia manawa, nui prestige ma ka hale. Iloko o ke kaua i loko o Hammelburg i kipa ma ka 18 tausani Soviet pio. i kēlā me kēia no ia kiʻekiʻe koa kaua. He nui wawahi ia ma hope o ka waiho ana i ka make mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi , a loaʻa lākou iā lākou iho i loko o ka noho, a kupono wahi o ka hoʻopaʻahao, kahi i aloha i kamaʻilio a pau me ia. Eia naʻe Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich i i pane koke i kaʻenemi ka manaʻoʻike lapaau, a kupaʻa i ka Soviet Union.

No kekahi mau i waiho i loko o ke kanaka kūikawā - Colonel Pelit. Kēia luna o ka Wehrmacht i ka manawa i mālama ai i loko o ka poʻe kaua o Tsarist Rusia, a me ka ike maikaʻi o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo. Eia hou kekahi, ia i hana ia me Karbyshevo iloko o ka First o ke Kaua Honua ma Brest-Litovsk.

Old hoa ho'āʻo e loaʻa i keʻano o nā hoʻokokoke mai i Karbyshev. Inā hōʻole ka mea, i ka pololei ke alu like 'ana me ka Wehrmacht, laila Pelit i kaumaha aku ia ia compromises, no kekahi laʻana, e hana me ke kakaolelo, a wehewehe i ka koa ana o ka Red Army i loko o ke kauaʻikena. Eia naʻe, ua noi hiki ole hana ma luna o ka luna.

He hana hoihoi i initially na kēia kanaka Kelemānia makemake e Karbyshev ia ku iho la ma ke poo o ka Russian Liberation Army, a ho'ōla i alakaʻi i ka General Vlasov. Akā, regular ole-alu like 'ana i ka hana: no ka Wehrmacht haalele i kona manaʻo. ¶ A i loko o Germany i ua kali ana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka pio e like i ka hana i loko o Pelelina like me ka waiwai hoʻoholo hoʻomalu.

i Pelelina

General Dmitry Karbyshev, kona Kawaihae ua haku o ka paʻa relocations, ua no heʻono hakina no ka Reich, a me ka ke Kelemānia a i ole lilo manaʻolana e loaʻa kekahi mau 'ōlelo me ia. Ma hope o ka ole ma Hammelburg unuhi ae la lakou i ke kanaka kahiko i ka mehameha hoopaaia ma Pelelina, a paa malaila, i ekolu pule ma ka pouli.

Ua i hana ma ka mea e maopopo Karbyshev i ia i lilo i luahi o ka weliweli i kekahi manawa, ina oe e ole makemake no ke kōkua 'ana me ka Wehrmacht. Eia hoi, i hoouna aku ai i ka noiʻi ka paahao no ka mea hope manawa. ʻO kēia kanaka Kelemānia noi no ke kōkua o kekahi o ka mahalo nui akamai i loko o kā lākou mau koa wilikî. Ka mea, ua Heinz Rubengeymer. Kēia pono-ike akamai i loko o ka mālama '-kaua a pau i hala, e like me Karbyshev, e hana ana ma luna o ka monograph ma luna o lākou nohona ma holoʻokoʻa. Dmitry Mikhailovich ia ia iho ia ia ia me ka mahalo, i kapa me ka hanohano hoʻomalu.

Rubengeymer i hana ai i kona counterpart kėia olelo. Inā Karbyshevʻae no ke kōkua ', oia ke kiʻi i kona iho ponoi keʻena, a me ka piha aneiai e malu ai no i ka waihona o ka Kelemānia moku'āina. Eia hou, na nā kānakaʻenehana kaumaha noa komo i nā hale waihona puke a me nā palapala i loko o Germany. He hiki ke hana i loko o kaʻimi naʻauao haʻawina a me ka hana ma luna o ia mea i loko o ke kula o ka hana 'enekinia. Pela Karbyshev ae, e ohi i ka hui o ka poe akamai i-kōkua ma hope ou. Ka luna makemake e ka lutanela-nui i loko o ka poʻe koa o ka Kelemānia moku'āina.

Karbysheva Alo ua i ka mea i leleʻino akuʻo nā manaʻo kōkua o kaʻenemi, me ka naʻe o kekahi paakiki loa ho'āʻo. E ku e ia ia, hoʻohana i kekahiʻano o kāu kiʻina hana o ka olelo malimali: he pono nō, malimali, hai mua ia mai, etc. Ma ka hopena, ua kaumaha waleʻimi naʻauao hana ... I mea Karbyshev,ʻaʻole hiki i ke nema aku ana Stalin, a me ka Soviet alakaʻi. A pau i mea i koi 'ia o ka ia - e lilo hoolohe cog i loko o ka'ōnaehana o ka Apana Reich.

I loko nō ola kino pilikia, a he kilakila elemakule, General Dmitry Karbyshev a me keia manawa i mai la i ka paa hoole ana. Ma hope o ia, ke Kelemānia alakaʻi ia haawi mai, a palapala aku me ke kanaka fanatically laa he olonā i hihia o Bolshevism. E hoʻohana i kēia mau kanaka no kā lākou mau hana Reich i hiki ole.

I ka hana oolea

Karbysheva o Pelelina i hoolilo i Flossenburg - lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai, a i Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka lokoʻino kauoha, a me ka poe pio me ka haʻahaʻa pahu ola ma ka hana oolea. A ina hoʻoneleʻia mai au e like me ka hana i nā koena o nā koa o ka uʻi pio, e ke noonoo pehea paakiki ka mea, ua ai no mua Karbysheva, i ua mua kanahiku.

Eia naʻe, no noho ma Flyussenbyurge oia aole hoopiiia oia e hoʻomoana ana ma ilihune olelo. Ma hope o ke kaua, ke Soviet Union ike i ka inoa o na koa, i uhaʻiʻia i loko o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. Ka ikaika ma kona naʻau hana o ka mau i hai mai i ka nui na pio o ka poe i kipa ai me ia, ma luna o kekahi mau hana. Dmitry Karbyshev, he mama a i hana i kela lā, ua lilo i laʻana e hahai. He ka haʻaheo lāhui optimism hoahewa pio.

Aie i ka mea alakaʻi mākau o General Neʻe mai kekahi hoʻomoana i kekahi, no laila, i ka mea, ua ole, hookonokono lakou i na naau o ka poe i paa pu. A hele aku la oia a pau ma luna o Kelemānia, me he kakini pio koke "nā hale hana o ka make".

Kela a me keia mahina, i ka lono, mai ke alo lilo oi e makau no ka Kelemānia alakaʻi. Ma hope o ka lanakila ma Stalingrad, ke Army Red hope i ka Initiative i loko o kā lākou mau lima, a hoomaka ae la ka counteroffensive i loko o ke komohana hema. I ka wā o ka mua a kokoke i nā palena o ka mālama '-kaua Germany, hoomaka ae la kaʻenaʻena ke piʻoloke o ka lehulehu hoomoana. Staff hana harshly me ka poe pio, a laila, holo akula i loko o ke aupuni. Kēia mea ua laha.

Ka luku ma Mauthausen

I ka makahiki 1945 Dmitry Karbyshev i loko o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai i kapaia o Mauthausen. Austria, a i ke aupuni 'keia mea weliweli kula, hele mai ma lalo o hoouka ma Soviet poʻe kaua.

No ka hoomalu ana o ia mau kahua, he mau kuleana SS stormtroopers. Ka mea, ua ka mea, ka mea i alakai i ka luku ana o pio. I ka po, Commander, 18, 1945, ka mea, ua ohi ana i ke tausani pio, i waena o ka mea a ua Karbyshev. Ua nele anei, a hoouna aku la ia i ka ua, i kahi o ka mea, e noho ana ma lalo o nā kahawai o ka hau i ka wai i nā pio. Kulu i ana wela hiki aku ai i ka mea i na mea he nui wale hoole i ka naau.

Pio a pau e ola makou mahope o ka ahaolelo mua o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana, i haawiia huihui, a hoouna aku la i ke kahua. Mawaho ua frosty ka ino. Pio koiia mai ma ka liʻiliʻi. Koke hoomaka ae la lakou e ninini mai o ke ahi kaukini loloa o ka ia hau-anu ka wai. General Karbyshev e ku ana i loko o ka ÿaha kanaka, koi pili nei, a hōʻike i makau. Kekahi ho'āʻo e holo aku, mai o lakou i ka icy jets. Lakou i hopu, hahau me ke kookoo alii, a hoi mai la i wahi. Ma ka hopena, kokoke e pau ka make, a me Dmitry Karbyshev. He He 64 makahiki.

Soviet hoʻokolokolo '

Nā minuke hope o ke ola Karbysheva i kapa ma ka hale i ke aloha a hiki i ka hoike ana o ka Hale Mele, ka mea e hoʻokele e ola mahope aku o ka fateful po o ka luku ana o pio o Mauthausen.

Ohi scraps o ka 'ike e pili ana i ka hopena o ke pio General i olelo mai ai o kona loaʻa kekahi koa a me ka wa e hana. Ma 'Aukake 1946, ua posthumously loaa i ke kiʻekiʻe loa ia nā kumu kāki o ka aina - ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union.

I ka wā e hiki mai, ka mea holoʻokoʻa Socialist moku'āina wehe kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o kona hanohano. Ua mea no hoi i ka inoa o General kapa alanui. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kia Karbyshev oiaio mea i loko o ka palena o Mauthausen. Ma ka paena o ka mea paipai manaʻo i weheia lehulehu hoʻomoana make a me ka hala ole ke alahouana. Kēia mea ma kahi o ka he kia hoʻomanaʻo. Ku I o ka Nui Patriotic Kaua o ka Soviet Union Ua hoʻolimalima i loko o kā lākou mau kahua i kēia mau unbending.

Kona kiʻi ua pakahi aku la ia mea mahaloia ma ka postwar wā. Ka nui, e hoike i na mea he nui o ka pūkaua, loaa mai ma o ka lehulehu mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, ka mea, ua paakiki ia e ke aupuni i ka meʻe. He nui no ia i limanui aku deported hoʻi i ka hale, a he kakini repressed hou a me ka. Kekahi kaulia Vlasov hihia, kekahi poe e ae e noho ana i loko o ka Gulag i 'āhewa' ana o ka makau. Stalin iho ua ma ka pono o ka maemae ke kiʻi o ka meʻe, a hiki lilo i laʻana no ka hanauna e hiki mai ana i ke koa.

Ua huli mai ia ia i kekahi kanaka, a me Karbyshev. Kona inoa ua pinepine uwila ma luna o nāʻaoʻao o nā nūpepa. Popular ua Dmitry Karbyshev i loko o ka moʻokalaleo: no ka mea, ua palapala kekahi mau hana. No ka laʻana, Sergei Vasilyev, hoʻolaʻa i Kuhina poem "hanohano". Kekahi paahao o Mauthausen, Yuri Pilar, ua ke kumu o ka noʻeau Kawaihae o "E hoomaikai" luna.

Soviet Aupuni ho'āʻo paakiki e immortalize i ka mama Karbysheva. Ma ka ia declassified NKVD nā palapala hōʻike i ka mea i lawe mai i ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana o kona make koke, a ma luna aku, mai luna. No ka laʻana, Junior Major nāʻikepili St. Clair (mua hoike) he kue a me ka paʻewa ai. Mai ka mea i ike i ka nui lāliʻi i laila ulu Kawaihae Karbysheva.

St. Clair, ma kona hoike ua i ka hopena o ka make mau, make aku la ia i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o ke kaua, mai ka mea i hōkaiʻia ola. I ka wā o ka Soviet e noiʻi i ninau aku ai,ʻo ia ua ua terminally mai. Aka hoi, i ka makahiki 1948, ka mea kākau moʻolelo Novogrudski pau ka kūhelu puke hoolaa i ke Kawaihae Karbysheva. Ma ka mea, olelo hou mai i ou wahi lihi iki o ka mea e pili ana i St. Clair aole loa i oleloia.

Me belittling i ka ikaika ma kona naʻau hana o ka pūkaua, ka Soviet aupuni ho'āʻo e pani i ko lakou mau maka, a hiki i ka hopena o nā kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe luna o ka poe koa, ka poe i ke alahouana, a me ka make i loko o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana keena o ka Gestapo. Kokoke a pau o ia i noho i luahi o ka ole "poe kipi" a me ka "poe enemi" o Stalin ka kulekele.