English statesman Tomas Kromvel: Kawaihae

Tomas Kromvel - statesman Tudor, ka hoku o ka nui mua i loko o ka Pelekania wahi lulu, a kuwaho o ka umikumamaono kenekulia. Kekahi mau makahiki o kona noho aliʻi maoli o 'Enelani, kipaku i ka mokupuni kekahi o na Europa, aina loa influential. Haʻalele kona mentor a me ka hoa, Cardinal Wolsey, oia uaʻaʻole royalist aole hoi he kahuna. Tomas Kromvel ua he loio, a ma nā mea a pau i ko lakou mau mea e hanaʻi hōʻike he kuoo a me ka naauao.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Ua uaʻike ia i ka 1485 i loko o kekahi o ka loa questionable o nā wahi London hanau Tomas Kromvel. Ke Kawaihae o keia huahelu hoomaka ma Putney, kahi i loko o ka hopena o umikumamalima kenekulia, e hele ana a pau i ka scum o ke kulanakauhale alii o Beritania. Kona makua kāne i ka mahalo a me ka innkeeper, ka oko ao laweia hikiwawe a me ka hana ino-miko, aʻaʻole averse i ka poe liilii, ka epa. 'Aʻole surprisingly, Tomas Kromvel koke haʻalele i ka' ohana, a hoomaka ae la e alakai i ka ola piha o Hawaii, a ma Enelani, a ma luna o ka'āinapuniʻole. Ua ua ike ia no kekahi manawa ka mea, i mālama ai i ka 'ōlelo Palani condottiere ma Italy, ike okoa ia iā ia iho i loko o kekahi mau koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Akā, ke koa o ke ola ua ole i kona makemake. Mahuka, mai ka poe kaua Cromwell hoolimalima i ka poe noonoo ole limahana i loko o ka hui panakō hale Frescobaldi. Aie i ke 'lii maoli, a me kaʻike o nā' ōlelo a pau, lilo iho la oia i kekahi hoa o ka moni. Ua, Cromwell hilinaʻi ma ka loa scrupulous o ka hana - no ka laʻana, a pau pilina i ka pali, ka Waikikana City kia'āina 'hele ma kona mau lima. Ma hope o ka manawa Cromwell ninoaaeyao he likeʻoihana i loko o Aioaa? Iaia, a laila, - i loko o nā feces, i loko o ia mau lā no i ka lei o Beritania. Together ka hoʻomaka-i kapikala, Cromwell manaʻo e hoʻi i ka 'Enelani. Ua hoʻomaka ka 16th kenekulia, a me ka mea - i ke kakahiaka kahua o kona ola.

Life ma Enelani

Hope e holo i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Channel, Cromwell noho ma Lākana. I mua oia i ua he wahi o kuai hulu hipa a me ka likeʻole nā'aʻaʻa. A hiki i ka hopena i ke ola o kekahi kālepa ole i kona makemake, Tomas Kromvel Ua aoia, a lilo iho la ia i ke kakaolelo. Natural manao a me ka eloquence i koke iā ia i kekahi o ka loa holomua loio ma Lākana.

Ma ka hapalua like 20 ka o ka 16th kenekulia, ua halawai me Cardinal Thomas Wolsey - kekahi o kela poe kanaka, ka poe hoʻohana i ka hana kālai'āina i loko o ke aupuni. T. Cromwell i ka Cardinal Kakauolelo. Ka mea, he nui loa like, a kanaka ui, a me ka makemake. E like me ka manawa i hoikeia mai, pāʻani i kēia similarity a me ka pono kīvila o ka huapalapala ke kūlana kūikawā - nā ua pīhoihoi, a akamai, nā imi iho la e lawe mai ia i ka creaking medieval bureaucracy, a no ka lōʻihi manawa, ua He kokekau wale ke aʻoaʻo, e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie Henry VIII.

mare

E like me ia wā, Cromwell ka oko ao frivolity, a wawahi ae la na wahine naau. Akā, kauoha aku la oia, ua mare wale kekahi manawa. A ike iho ua he moni, oia i mare Elizabeth Uaykis, ma ka mea a ka mea, he ekolu mau keiki. Kaikamahine Anna a Grace make opiopio, a me kāna keiki,ʻo ia kekahi o na alo alii. He kākoʻo Tomas Kromvel a me kāna keiki hanauna Rikeke. A laila, ka mea, e lilo ka nui-kupuna kāne o ka mea kaulana Oliver Cromwell. Penei, Tomas Kromvel a me Oliver Kromvel - hana hoahanau a me nā kānaka, i kekahi manawa, ua loli ka mōʻaukala o kona'āina hānau.

E hoomaka ana o ka Reformation

He nui e ike i ke kaiapuni i loko o a Cromwell, i lilo ai ia i kona lehulehu hana. England ka Henry VIII i ka aina o ke keiki kanaka, he nui no ka mea he ole he iwakalua makahiki. Ua hoopihaia English moʻomeheu a me ka malu o ka manawa a me ka uhane o ka wa opiopio. Huli holoholona, kahua kolepa, Reuʻela,ʻo ia a me ka nani kaua - kēia mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE aʻo Tudor wa opiopio. A me Henry ia oiai au ua'ōpiopio. He uaʻoluʻolu, e hui i ka wā kamaliʻi gula, mau haalele i kana haipule wahine, Ana, ka mea ua haipule Hui. I ka Ia manawa, halawai mai la me ke alii (a me kona mau hoa) me ke kaikamahine Anne Boleyn, a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ho'āʻo iho au a me kāu mau koho o ka mō'ī. Kēia Māhū ola koi 'ia nui kālā waihona kālā.

kupu ma ka hopena Protestantism

I keia manawa, ma ka nā'āina Germany opiopio kahuna Luther King, hoomaka ae la kona crusade ku ei ka papacy. Mākou hiki ole ke olelo i ka haipule Outlook o ka mamao mea nana e hai i ke kuleana ole ma luna o ke alii, he mō'ī ike palapala i loko o ka mea ana i ikaika hoahewa i ka hou au. Akā, Henry VIII hoʻomaopopo koke ihola kaʻaoʻao uʻi o ka hou aoao ku e, a ike aku la i loko o ia i kekahi manawa e lākou loa kaʻenaʻena pilikia e hoʻoponopono:

• e uhaki i ka hoao me Katerinoy Aragonskoy;
• e hoʻouna hou i ke kahe o ke kala mai o nāʻekeʻeke o ka Hui kāhuna i loko o ka lokomaikai o ke alii waihona waiwai;
• e ana i ka aoao o ka papacy i loko o kona aupuni iho.

Ka hoole ana o ka Pope Clement, e hoopau i ka mare ana me ke aliʻi wahine o Henry VIII, hoʻoikaika ihola e lawe kuleanaʻanuʻu, ke a no o ka mea i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Reformation. King wawahi i ka mare ana me ka wahine, a me ka mare i kona haku wahine, Anne Boleyn impregnable. Penei ka hemolele, infallibility o ka papacy i loko o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Aupuni ua seriously naueue. Ma muli o ia ka hoomainoinoia oia, i ka hoʻopukaʻia e ka Waikikana, Henry hai ana ia ia iho ke poo o ka Ekalesia oʻEnelani. He kauoha ka secularization o monasticʻana,? Iaeoe nui mau mea o ka mokupuni i ua paʻi. O ka holo ana, ua nui ka poe kokua o ka Ekalesia Hui i ike i ke oki ana o King, a lilo ko lakou mau poo, no ka lakou mau hilinaʻi. ʻAʻole au i hele i kēia hoʻopaʻi, a me Thomas Wolsey. He Ua wehe ana i kona inoa o ka Haku, Kaulike a me ka hope hana.

Akā, me ka Reformation neʻe ua kiʻekiʻe o ho onui ana kona ikaika. Ua imi kākoʻo o Catholicism kona ole ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia ke kaiāulu kanaka, e hoʻihoʻi aku. Akā, me ka Reformation i wahi, a me English Protestantism ke kiʻekiʻe o palahalaha ae ma ke aupuni.

meteoric ala

Cromwell ka makemake no ka mana i loaʻa kekahi, a me ka manawa ia coincided me ka manawa ia Henry pono ai i ka kupaʻa a me ka influential lawelawe. Cromwell komoʻana i ka kivila hana nā lā hoʻi i ka 1530, mai kēia wahi ma luna, i kona 'oihana i ka meteoric ala.

Ke kanakolu o ka umikumamaono kenekulia ua i ka wā o nā mea hoʻololi nui a me nā loli e pili ana i ka make ana o ka mea kahiko English ala o ke ola. Cromwell hele mai la i ka mana, e like me ka poʻe kākoʻo iā ia no Anne Boleyn. Wolsey hiki ole hoʻololi i kona hoʻoholo 'ana a me ka hoole i ka ike i ka wahine hou o Henry VIII, Queen o England. No laila, ua wehe 'ia mai ka oihana, a UAIAaIN ma kona iho protégé. Koho Cromwell i kekahi o ka loa holomua i loko o nā limahana kulekele o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia kalaunu.

e piʻi like Cromwell

Mawaena o ka loa nui papahana o ka politician he:

• I ka noho male 'ana o nā monasteries, a me ka hoʻokumu o ka Hoʻohaku Royal ma nā mea a pau naita a me ka ecclesiastical mea. Cromwell hoomaau Hui kāhuna a me nā kākoʻo o Catholicism, hoopau ia i ka monasteries, a me mōneka kipakuia aina no mahope hoolilo i ka Crown. No ka mea, o kona uncompromising kuwaho o Cromwell hoʻolimalima i ka inoa kapakapa The Hammer na moneka.
• Hoʻomohala a me ka paipai 'ana i hou'āina kanawai,'āina huli ana a me ka secularization, Nohie lākou Auhau a me ka hoʻolimalima.
• ? Anoe? O aliʻi mana ole ma ka akau oʻEnelani, Wales a meʻIlelani. Mau hana huhu i ka nui feudal haku, a alakai aku i ka uhauha i i brutally uhi pū.
• I ka hoʻohana 'ana o ke pai ana kaomi no ke paʻi ana i kanawai o ka naita ma a me ka hoʻomana moʻokalaleo. I ka hanohano no ke Thomas Cromwell Bible paʻi puke ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. Kēia hanana i wahi i ka 1539.

courtiers realities

E like me ka shrewd a me ka helu ana o ke aloaliʻi, Cromwell i ka manawa e hai i ka iki nuances i loko o ka hana o ke alii, a me ka pinepine unrolled lākou hilinaʻi ma ka kekahi ao ao. No ka laʻana, ma ka manao o kona loa laa kākoʻo iā ia, Anny Boleyn, oia mua ikea. Akā, e like me ka mea anuanu is ko Cromwell hoʻololi kona pili ana i ka Anna. He e ho'ōla hui i ka hapa nui, a hookupaa iho la ia i ka mea o ke kipi Anna, a ua he ardent kākoʻo iā ia, o ka hoopai Boleyn, a hou mare ana o ka mō'ī.

Awards a me nā kūlana hana

Ka Moi hoʻoleʻa i ka wa o Cromwell. Kākaʻikahi ka kekahi politician e hoʻokele i ka manawa e lana, a hahai i ka papa o ka hoʻololi a me ka ape Mō'ī. No ka hoʻolaʻaʻana o Henry Cromwell huahekili ka ua o ka moku'āina Ka hoʻolilo 'ia a me nā koho. Eia nō ka nui milestones o kona aliʻi hana:

• 1531 - Member o ka Ahakukamalu.
• 1533 - Lunakanawai Kaulike o ke Exchequer oʻEnelani.
• 1534 - King ka kakauolelo, a me ka Luna hoomalu o ka Aha o ka Hoʻopiʻi Kū'ē 'ana.
• 1536 - E ka Haku Ahakukamalu Seal.

• 1537 - Naita o ka Garter a me ka Dean o ke Kulanui o Wales.
• 1539 - Chamberlain.

I ka pau ana o kona ola Cromwell i haawi mai i ka inoa o ka helu. Eia naʻe, e hoʻohana i ka hou inoa o ka Earl o'Eseka ua hiki i ka pono kekahi mau pule. i kekahi manawa hou hoʻololi i kā lākou hilinaʻi i ka, Tomas Kromvel i mahuʻi mua o aliʻi kipi. Ma kekahi halawai o ka Ahakukamalu,ʻo ia i hopu, a hooko aku la i hope o ka manawa pōkole e hookolokolo i loko o ka halekiai ma ka makahiki o ka 65 makahiki.