Pehea e holo ai ka circulatory'ōnaehana? He aha i na kino komo o?

Mawaena o ka nui nenoai i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, he kūikawā wahi ua ku e ka circulatory nenoaiu. Pehea e holo ai ka circulatory'ōnaehana a ka 16th kenekulia i kānakaʻepekema noho i ka mea pohihihi. Ma ka pāʻoihana hana na koʻikoʻi thinkers me Aristotle, Galen, Harvey, a he nui na mea e ae. Lākou mau discoveries i ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i loko o ka manaʻo aukahi ano o anatomical a me ka physiological manaÿo.

mōʻaukala 'ike

A kūikawā kūlana ma ke kahua o ka pololei manaʻo e pili ana i kekahi o na kino o ka circulatory'ōnaehana o ke kanaka, pâʻani 'o ia i ka Sepania nä känaka' epekema Servetus, a me ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia naturalist Vilyam Garvey. Mua pomaikai i ka hooiaio ana i ke koko mai ka ventricle akau ke kiʻi i loko o ka waiho atrium ma ka mea ulana pukapuka wale no na moku koko o na ia maʻiʻaʻai. Harvey wehe i ka ai-kapaia nui kaiapili (vicious) holo. Pela ka mea i hoʻonoho i nā wahi ma ka ninau, ina paha i ke koko mea pololei he paʻa kahua, aʻaʻole e neʻe. Ka'ōnaehana o nā kānaka a me nā mammals paa hou mai la holo.

Pono e hoomanao i na hana o ka Italia kauka Malpighi, ka poe i loaa i ka capillary holo. Ma kona noiʻi, ua lilo i mea akaka e like me ke arterial koko ia iho i loko o ka venous a me ka Hope versa. Like pili ana i ka ninau'anatomia? Kanaka circulatory'ōnaehana mea he lākou o nā loko e like me ka naau, ipu koko a me kākoʻo kino - iwi ka lolo, a me ka spleen akepaʻa.

Heart - i ka papa kuhikuhiE hui, o ka circulatory kahua o nā kānaka

Mai ka wā kahiko, ma ka hana 'ike loea a pau o ka naau kikowaena kūlana ole wale me ka hui, o ka physical kino, akā, i like me ka uhane waihona o ke kanaka,. Ka 'aoʻao o "kekahi naau", "mai ka naau", "naau kaumaha" kanaka hōʻike i ke kūlana o kēia kino i loko o ke kahua o Emotions a me ka naʻau.

Akā hoʻi i ka'anatomia a me physiology o ka naau. He He puha muscular hui, i ua maheleia i haʻalele impermeableʻili lahilahi (cuboid me ka ole shape) a me ka pono (regular shape) māhele. He ka hana o Servetus a me Harvey höʻoia 'ole i ka manaʻo o Galen i loko o ka cardiac septum i kūikawā puka ma i ke kinowai connective'aʻaʻa Pńk'pika mai kekahi hapalua a hiki i ka' ē aʻe.

I mea, i ke alo o ka puka i loko o ka naau pā - mea he nui pathology ulu, a pili ia i ka naau kina. Ua Ua diagnosed i loko o nā lā kakahiaka o ke keiki ka ola, e like me ka wā e hoolohe stethoscope i ka pahu āpana ua maopopo lohe i ka ai-kapaia halulu (extraneous leo e hana ana i hoʻohuihui o arterial a me venous koko). Kēia mea he nui circulatory pilikia, a wale nei i mea lends ia i ka iapaau ana o resectable.

Ke pāpana o ka naau

Ka naau Ua pinepine hoohalikeia me ke EII ni. Ua, kona papa kuhikuhiE hana - e EII ni koko. No keia tunica kino poe mana Muscle, i kapaʻia ka myocardium. Ka naau ninoieo o ka akau, a waiho atria a me nā ventricles, a haʻalele a me ka pololei. Ma waena o kēlā me kēia atrium a me ka ventricle i kiwikā.

Ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka bicuspid aortic kiwikā (AIBN), a me ka pono - ke tricuspid (tricuspid kiwikā). Contraction a me ka hoʻomaha o ka naau i kapaia ka systole a me ka diastole. Koko ua puhi ia i loko o hoʻokahi ala wale: mai ka luna pauku o ka ventricles, a no ia - i loko o ka artery kūpono. No laila, mai ka ventricle hema ka wā o ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ke koko hapa me ka ikaika kipaku i loko o ka aorta, i ke koko, i loko o ka mea, ma kahi o 105 mm o / Hg. Art. A loa impetus, ma e like me nā kānāwai o ke kālaikūlohea, ua hoʻomaka koke pālahalaha ana ma ka palapala o ka nalu ma ke artery nenoaiu. E lawe naʻau pāpana like me ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale. Kona pono oe ke haha aku i ka radiocarpal a carotid arteries.

Ke kinowai'aʻaʻa i loko o ke kanaka kino

Launch amo ana o oxygen a me ka mahuaola, ana o toxins, e like me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā mea'aʻaʻa hanaʻia ka circulatory nenoaiu. Koko 'ole i hiki ke poe me ka läÿau, o aeee (leucocytes, erythrocytes a me platelets) a me ka wai koko (wai a hapa), ua hoakaka i ka luna-i oleloia pilikia.

Ma kānaka, ma laila nō ke koko-ho okumu i'aʻaʻa, kekahi o ka a - myeloid. Ua Ua alakai i loko o ka iwi ka lolo, ka mea, ua aia i loko o ka diaphysis a maupaʻa i anei i (hematopoietic aeee) i nā precursors o erythrocytes, leukocytes a me platelets.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole o ke koko

Red koko manawa a hiki i ke alo o ka hemoglobin pigment. He kuleana no ka amo ana o kinoea mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ke koko, - i oxygen a me ka kalapona monoxide. Ua hiki ke lawe mau ano: oxyhemoglobin a me ka carboxyhemoglobin. Koko wai koko o 90% o ka wai.

O nā waiwai - e nā polokina (albumin, fibrinogen, gamma-globulin) a me ka mea pōhaku paʻakai, ka luna o kekahi i ka paʻakai koloriside. Koko keena hana i ke kēia mau hana:

• erythrocytes - lawe aku ka oxygen;
• (. Neutrophils, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, etc.) leukocytes, a keʻokeʻo koko keena, - e komo i loko o ke kahua o ke hoʻonele;
• platelets - haawi kahe ana ke koko maʻaihue moku paia ano hoopono (kuleana no ke koko clotting) e hooki aku.

kanaka circulatory nenoaiu, hoomaikai ana i keʻano o nāʻoihana o ke koko mea nui i loko o ka malama ana i ka homeostasis o ka meaola.

i ke kino o ka ipu koko: arteries, aa koko, capillaries

E ike i kekahi o na kino o ka circulatory'ōnaehana o ke kanaka, ka mea i pono, e haawi aku ai ia ia e like me ka mea ulana pukapuka, a me ka paipu okoa ka ho a me ka pa thicknesses. Arteries i ikaika muscular pa, e like me ke koko höʻike ma luna o laila me ka kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki a me ka kiʻekiʻe puʻe. Pela ka mea, Ua pilikia loa arterial kahe ana ke koko ma ka hopena o ka a kekahi kanaka nalowale i loko o ka pōkole manawa he nui nui o ke koko. Kēia hiki i ona hopena.

Aa koko i pahee paia, koloka e iai? Oaiaaiiua semilunar kiwikā. Ka mea, i koko ma na moku wale i kekahi ala e hiki aku - i ka papa kuhikuhiE Muscle kino circulatory nenoaiu. Mai ka ua hoʻoikaika ka venous koko, e lanakila i ka ikaika o ka umekaumaha e hele mai ana i ka naʻau, a me ka puʻe i loko o ke aa koko mea haʻahaʻa, mau kiwikā mai ole ae i ke koko, e neʻe ia ma ka hope, i ka mea mai o ka naau.

he pukapuka o capillaries me ke anawaena o ka microscopic paia hanaʻia i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke kinoea launa like. I ia, ua lako kalapona'okikene lua (ke kalapona'okikene lua) a me toxins mai na nā'aʻaʻa keena a me capillary koko, ma ka huli, ke haawi mai i ke keena o ka oxygen ma koi 'ia no lākou ha awina. A pau kino Ua oi aku 150 Bln, capillary, i ka huina o ka loa o ka i loko o ka makua o kahi o 100 tausani kilomika.

A mau iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai ka hoʻololiʻana o nā kanaka kino, i 'oi aku ka ikaika lako hou o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa na waiwai mea collateral holo, i hiki ke malama elua ma maʻamau physiological olelo, a ma lalo o pilikia hana'ōnaehana kāna hana (e laʻa me, thrombus occlusion o ka moku).

Systemic holo

Hoi mai i ka ninau o ka lehulehu kino o ka circulatory'ōnaehana o ke kanaka. Keia iloko o ia ka paʻa holo, e wehe ae Harvey, originates ma ka ventricle hema a me ka welau ma ka atrium akau.

Ke aorta o ka papa kuhikuhiE artery o ke kino, a me ka hoʻomaka o ka systemic holo, i ke koko, oxygenated, mai ka ventricle hema. Ma ka vascular'ōnaehana, e holo ana mai ka aorta a me ka ai manamana ai ma ke kino o ke kanaka, i ke koko hele a hiki i na wahi a pau o ke kino a me nā loko, kūhohonu loa ia me ka o oxygen lawe ana nutrient pūnao a me ka amo hana.

Mai ka luna o ke kino (poo, poohiwi, umauma, luna lala) venous koko, waiwai i loko o ke kalapona'okikene lua, ka mea, ua ohi ia i loko o ke kūlana vena cava, a mai ka lalo hapa o ke kino - na lalo vena cava. Ua puha aa koko me ka nele i loko o ka atrium akau, panina i ka holo.

Pulmonary holo

circulatory'ōnaehana nā loko - i ka naau, i ka circulatory nenoaia - i hui pū i loko o ka ai-kapaia ka poe liilii, (pulmonary) holo. Ua wehe kona Miguel Servet ma ka waena o ka 16th kenekulia. Kēia a hoʻomaka mai ka ventricle akau a me ka welau ma ka atrium hema.

Venous koko ma ka akau atrioventricular puka o ka auricle akau komo i ka ventricle akau. No ka mea, ma luna o ka pulmonary kumu, a laila, i ka pulmonary arteries elua - haʻalele a me ka pono - e komo i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. A mamua o ka mea i mau ipu i kapaia arteries, i ke koko ma luna o ia kahe venous. Ua hina i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai akau a me ka lima hema, i nā capillaries, hilikau alveoli (pulmonary vesicles oia hoi o ka akemāmā parenchyma). Ma waena o oxygen alveoli a connective'aʻaʻa ma ka thinnest paia o ka capillary kinoea mail ia lŘlŘ. Ia mea i loko o keia hapa o ka kino i deoxygenated koko i loko o ka arterial. A laila, e kahe ana i loko o postcapillary venules, a lilo ia i mea nui i ka 4 pulmonary aa koko. E like me ia i arterial koko komo ka atrium hema, ma ia welau a me ka uuku holo.

Koko holo i loko o nā mea a pau o ka moku i wahi ka poʻe, me ka noho ole Mahope o ka hoomaha ana no o ka lua.

coronary holo

He aha mea he hana nona iho circulatory nenoaiie o ka lehulehu Aupuni a me ia mea i ke 'o kona functioning i? Anoee e na kānakaʻepekema me Shymlanskaya, Bowman, GIS. Ka mea i loaʻa i ka mea i kā mākou cia ma keia'ōnaehana i ka coronal a coronary krovooborot, a ua hana e kūikawā koko moku, ie milo naau a me ka holo ana mai o ka aorta. Keia moku e like me ka hema ka papa kuhikuhiE coronary artery me ka lala, oia hoi: hema anterior io na la, a me ka circumflex lālā atrial lala. A ia mea pono coronary artery me na lala: pono coronary a me ka posterior interventricular.

Ke koko ole o oxygen hoʻi i loko o ka muscular kino i loko o ekolu aoao: ma ka coronary sinus, aa koko pū i loko o ka lua o ka atrium, a me ka mea liilii loa vascular lala e kahe i loko o kaʻaoʻao'ākau o ka naau, e like me ka hoike ana i kona epicardium.

E kahalina i ka puka aa koko

No ka mea, i loko o ka hōʻoia 'na hana mau o ka meakino ka loa nui circulatory oihana, o kekahi kino ninoieo kaiapili ka puka aa koko, ma kona ano maoliʻepekema i? Anoee ma ka noonoo ana o ka systemic holo. Ua Ua loaʻa ia ma ka digestive'āpana, pancreas a me ka spleen koko accumulates ma ka lalo, a ma ka kūlana mesenteric aa koko, a hui pu iho la a laila, e hana i ka nū (Ka nū aa koko).

Portal Vienna me ka hepatic artery ma ke akepaʻa komo i ka ipuka. Arterial a venous koko i loko o hepatocytes (ake aeee) ua hoolilo i ka hoʻokolokolo pono, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a hou a me ka emi vena cava komo i ka atrium akau. Penei, i ke koko huikala ia lŘlŘ aie a hiki i ka papa ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai o ke akepaa, a hoakaka a circulatory kahua.

He aha e nā luna o ke kākoʻo'ōnaehana

Ka 'ole o ka hui ma lalo kino loaʻa ka ula iwi lolo, spleen a me akepaa i ka luna. Mai na keena koko i pōkole-i noho ai, ma kahi o 60-90 lā, he mea i pono ai no ka wao hoʻopōʻaiapuni kahiko koko keena, a me ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka uʻi. Mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka hui ma lalo nā loko o ka circulatory nenoaiu.

Ma ka iwi lolo, i loaʻa ka myeloid'aʻaʻa synthesized precursor hana hehee wale.

Ke spleen, ma ka hou ana i ka papa waiho ana o ke koko ka i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka holo, pepehi kahiko ulaula koko keena a me ka hapa' ia 'hoolako mai ko lakou poho.

Ke ake no hoi ia lŘlŘ hoolilo o ka make leucocytes, erythrocytes a me platelets, a me ke koko pūnaewele, ua ole a ianoiyuaa a komo i loko o ka circulatory nenoaiu.

Ma ka 'atikala i ka circulatory'ōnaehana i ua kūkākūkā ma au mamuli, ka mea, he o ka lehulehu Aupuni a me ka oihana i loko o ke kanaka kino.