Fahrenheit: i ka pili ma waena o ke ana wela a me ka puke dystopia Ray Bradbury

Hoohuliia mai ana wela ka unahiʻole, i kapaʻia ma hope o ka German physicist Gabriel Daniel XVII kenekulia Fahrenheit (1686-1736). i hana epekema i ke ana wela, no ka i hou i ka'ōnaehana i hiki pono, e ana i ka ho omaka. Ke shortest mamao ma waena o ka mea hāpai mīkini māhele ua kapaia "degere Fahrenheit" i loko o ka hanohano o ka inventor. Kēia unahiʻole, i ua manawa hoʻohana emi pinepine no ka mea, o ka mea hoʻololi i ka 70-ies o ka XX kenekulia i ka International Units (Si) nenoaiu. Knowledge o na rula o ka hoolilo ana o kekahi pa alima i kekahi, e kōkua i ka pono maopopo i ke ano o ka inoa o ka puke o Ray Bradbury ka "Fahrenheit 451" nā kupa o ka'āina, kahi o ka hana o ka metric kahua wale.

Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit

German kanaka noiʻi G. Fahrenheit i hānau i loko o Danzig, hana nā mea a pau i kona ola i loko o ke kālaikūlohea ho okolohua, invented na hana i hoʻohana ma metrology. I ka 1710, ke nä känaka 'epekema i hoomaka ai e hookupaa aku i ka mahana me ka unahiʻole, a me ka manaʻo no ana i ka hahana maoli nō kēia, a anuanu kino. Kekahi o ka ho omaka ma keia hana ua i ke kilo o ka moku'āina o ka läÿau, o ka hau, a me ka wai a me ke omoāea o ka wai ma lalo o reflux.

Na mea no ke ana ana wela Fahrenheit hoʻohana tinted ka waiʻona a me ka Mercury. Ke keakea ana o ke kinowai ai metala - ia ahau ke ma haʻahaʻa mahana. Gabriel Fahrenheit mau hoopau wau i kona mau mea, i koho 'ia o ka Royal Society maʻEnelani. I kekahi manawa ka mea i manaʻo ia e ka German physicist ana wela irretrievably nalowale. Aia he mau wale he nui, akā, i hope i loaʻa i ke kolu o ka palapala lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe, invented ma kānakaʻepekema.

Kekahi mea no ka ana ana wela

Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'ana wela, aia nō ma kahi o 500 o kona mau makahiki, ua puʻunaueʻia ma waena o nā kānakaʻepekema mea nui loa o ka Middle Ages ka hanohano o e pili ana i kēia mau mea nui. Ka mua Eia kekahi laʻana i unsuccessfully wae ho omaka no ka unahiʻole, i, a ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi mau māhele "kuai" ana wela i kekahi kaʻao ka i kela la i keia ola ana.

Gabriel Fahrenheit ka kānaka apau i mākaukau moe i loko o ka mea ana oia invented i nā laekahi 'ano o ka mea kani, e pololei ana i ka unahiʻole, i. I ka noiʻi? Aaeaaaaony i ke kumu o ka hoʻololi i loko o hau wai, kona baila aʻela i wahi i ka mooolelo. Hoikehonua, ka hale ana wela i loko o English-e olelo ana i na aukanaka a pau e like me ka liʻiliʻi invented i loko o ka Middle Ages, ka manawa pinepine ka hoailona ua pili i ka laulā mai 0 a hiki i 132 ° F (degere Fahrenheit).

wela pālākiō

Ka loa nui kiko'î o ka unahiʻole, i hanaʻia e Fahrenheit:

• Point 0 ° F - o ka mahana ma i ka hau o;
• 32 ° F - ka hau heheʻe, a nana e hoole hoʻololi - i loko o ka paa moku'āina;
• 212 degere Fahrenheit - kapuahi e ka wai.

Fahrenheit hoomaka denoted ° F ma hope o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke ana wela. Kuekene kanaka noiʻi Anders Tselsy oi pololei ma mua o kona German counterpart, hoʻokumu i ka wai mahana o ka hoʻololi ma kekahi hoʻopiha Hawaii. Ma ka unahiʻole, i manaoia e ka Kuekene nä känaka 'epekema, hoi, ka mea i ke aka o ka 100, akā, ia mea pahuhopu nei me ka heheʻe o ka hau. Iloko o ka baila aʻela i wahi o ka wai 0 kekelē Kelekia ma aponoia. Ua hala More ma mua o 250 makahiki mai ka manawa ia keia me ka unahiʻole palaha: Ua lawe hou 'mahana hau wai like 0 ° C, a ua koho ia kona baila aʻela i wahi i ka numeral 100.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ana wela ka unahiʻole, i loko o ka metric'ōnaehana

Mai 1960, ka hapanui aina e ke hoʻololi i ka metric'ōnaehana, ma i mau unahi i hoʻohana: Kelekia a me Kelvin. Ka loa, he pono ole i ka maʻamau o ke ola, a me ke akamai meteorological ana wela, a halihali i ka mahele ana i Kelekia, e noonoo pono i hoʻololi 'loa, he pono ole ano honua kahi mea - wai. Ka Kelvin ka unahiʻole, i loko o hoʻohana 'epekema noiʻi, ka hoʻomaka' ana wela o ka kūmole noho ana o ke kino i i ka mea, i ka mea uuku maloko ikehu. KeʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Beritania ka mea, aole i hiki maopopo ua hō'ā i ka International Units (Si) nenoaiu. Ma kēia mau a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe English-olelo ana aina hoʻohana ana wela a me kekahi mau unahi.

Hoʻohālikelike mahana O Ke Kai

Ka wela Fahrenheit he mea he wā mawaena mai 0 ° i ka 100 °. Ua like koa ma luna o ka Kelekia me ka unahiʻole wā mawaena hoʻopili like i mai -18 ° i 38 °. Ka Kelvin pālākiō hoʻohana i ka manaʻo o "loa 'Aʻohe." Kēia wela, i mea -273,2 ° C ole -459,7 ° F. Hiki e unuhi a me ka 451 degere Fahrenheit, a nui i ka 233 ° C.

Kekahi mau mahana hiki ke hoohuliia mai i loko o kekahi i kekahi, a me ke koi ana o kēia mau helu i loko o ka US, a me ka UK, ma ke kūlanaʻano kaʻina hana i loko o nā hana o ka 'epekema noiʻi a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie hoole, e hoʻohana i ka Fahrenheit me ka unahiʻole, akā, i mea nō, he pono ole i loko o ka hale. Inā pono, ka poe noho English-e olelo ana i na aukanaka a ua huli mai Fahrenheit i Kelekia, ka ike ana i ka mahana wā mawaena o 1 ° C mea 1.8 ° F.

Rey Bredberi "Fahrenheit 451"

Up a 1960, i ka Fahrenheit ka unahiʻole, i loko o English-olelo ana'āina,ʻano nui hoʻohana ma climatology, lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hana a me ka maʻamau o ke ola. Kona puke Rey Bredberi puka 'o ia i ka 1953, a ma ka epigraph i hōʻike mai i 451 degere Fahrenheit - ka pepa waihonaʻike wahi. I ka papa kuhikuhiE huahana o ka meʻe ola i loko o ka wā e hiki mai mamao a me ka hana "ahi", akā, 'aʻole e kaua aku i ke ahi, a kuni i ka buke.

'Amelika Classic sci-fi' ano moʻokalaleo Ke kāu puke dystopia hoʻolaʻa ai i na pilikia o ka pono kīvila, Anati-totalitarian nenoai, ka personification o ia i loko o ka XX kenekulia i ka fascism. Ma hope iho e hele mai ana i ka mana i loko o Germany, Adolf Hitler hoʻoili i ka make ana o ka hale waihona puke, i ka aa ana o ka puke. Ma keia aoao, me ka Führer makemake ai e puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi a pau ano o ka kuee a haalele mai, kono mau hoa maka'āinana Nazi ideology. Hoohuliia mai ana wela me ka unahiʻole, a me ka physical nui - degere Fahrenheit - mea i nā mea o ka hala, akā, me ka manaʻo ua hoala hou i loko o ka puke e nō pili.