He aha ka ka scientific kumumanaʻo

A scientific kumumanaʻo o ka palapala ma luna o ke kahua o ka 'epekema ike. He kiʻekiʻe loa ano o ka haawi ana i ka holistic nānaina ma ka substantive linkages a me nā lauana o kekahi mau mahele o ka lanakila.

Ua hōʻike mai iā ia A scientific pähola me ka apono'ōnaehana, kekahi hoʻonohonoho interrelated. Building naauao i loko o ka mea, ua lawe mai ia me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka hoike-ma muliʻano papa hana. A scientific kumumanaʻo embodies i kekahi noiʻi polokalamu, a hōʻoiaʻiʻo kona ano hoopono, ka hōʻike ia me he hookahi'ōnaehana i loaʻa kaʻike. A methodological wahi o ka hoomaopopo, aka i ka'ōnaehana e imi, e hoʻonui loa ponoʻole a me ka hoopau kakau, 'ia kulana, oiai e malama ana i ka pono a me na hana mau.

A scientific kumumanaʻo maupaʻa i ka helu o eiiiiiaiou. Mau nā, i loko o 'ana, loaʻa ka empirical kumu (loko mai o na mea o ka hoʻokolohua), i kaʻimi naʻauao kumu (kānāwai a me nā postulates hana i loko o ka hōʻike o idealized mea). Eia hou kekahi, he ano o ke kūpili (na kumu a me na rula o ka hoike a me ka kuhi), a me ka lākou o nā hualoaʻa a me nā māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana.

ʻepekema theories i kekahi ano o ka hana. A me kekahi mau ano o ke kūkulu a me ke ano o ka hoʻokō keʻano o ka hanaʻana. A me kēia mauʻano ano a me ke ano o ka idealization idealized mea, a like me kekahi mauʻano o ka 'epekema theories. Ma keia manao, he mea i kekahi Mea Maluna'ōnaehana, e like me a 'epekema theories e māheleʻia i loko o deductive, ho'ākāka, a mathematized.

No ka ho'ākāka (empirical) nenoai nā, no ka mea hoike, i ke ao ana o ka evolution, kikooia aku Darwin, Pavlov ka physiological kahua. Ma ka mea hookahi waeʻano pū a me ka'ōlelo pähola 'ana ma o ka hula ano, ka hapanui o na kēia theories o kaʻike manaʻo a me na mea e ae. I kulike ai me ka lehulehu mana ikepili, i mai la ka ike nenoai e wehewehe i kekahi pūʻuluʻike manaʻo a me nä mea. Kēia i mea e hiki ai, e ho oholo i nā kānāwai mau i lilo i kumu o ke kumumanaʻo. E like me ka rula, ho'ākāka'ōnaehana ua kālaiʻia i ka mea maoli'ōlelo hoʻohana 'ana i ka kūikawā terminology o ka lakou mau wahi o ka mākaukau.

Mathematized theories OAOOUIEeEʻeleu komo o ka makemakika mea paahana a me nā ana hoʻohālike. Ke kükohu mea he maikaʻi i manao ai mea e pani ai a me na mea haawi wale i kekahi mau manaʻo maoli. No kēiaʻano o ka kumumanaʻo o ka makemakika linguistics, aaiaoe?,ʻimi naʻauao ke kālaikūlohea.

Ke kolu oʻano i deductive nenoai. Ke kupono o ke kūkulu ia iʻikeʻia ma muli o i na pilikia ma ka makemakika a kuhi. Ka mua deductive kumumanaʻo nā "mua" o Euclid. Ka mea, i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kumu o ka axiomatic rula. Mau scientific theories i unuhiʻia mai i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Mua ua kālaiʻia i loko o ka palapala, i ka mua kēia manawa. A laila, 'ōlelo' ia nō ia e loaa mai keia kumu. Hoʻohana 'ia i loko o deductive pähola' o Logical hana ua pololei paa, e like me ka mea hoike kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka muli o kēia mau mea. Mau nenoai hoʻohana kūikawā formalized 'ōlelo.

Ke scientific manawa ua hana e like me kekahi mau olelo. Pono nei ponoʻole i ho'ākāka 'ia e hoopii mai ai, piha hōʻikeʻano o ka laulā o ka hoʻokolokolo aku o ka lanakila. An nui ana o ka pilina o nā eiiiiiaiou likeʻole,'ālike ka hoao anaʻikepili.

Ana i ke ki ina hana like o ka 'epekema Ka Ikepili, ka noiʻi ole wale ho okumu mea wehewehena ma ka pili kumuhana wahi, akā, no hoi, e hoomaopopo i ko lakou kuleana pili i, me nā hale, haku mele' ana, Kin.

Ma kekahi e hoaponoia kaʻina hana (falsification, hōʻoia, etc.) hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no kekahi kahua. E like me ka rula, ka mea e pili ana i ka noʻonoʻo loi oʻimi naʻauao kumu.