He aha ka mea i hōʻike ma ka kālaimeaola? O ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka unuhi

He aha ka mea i hōʻike ma ka kālaimeaola? Ma hope EKOLU ka mea, o ka lua o ka hapa o ke kikowaena dogma o hakakino kālaimeaola, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka aaiaoe code for Na kanawai o ka hana ana i nā kaula o ka'amino nāʻakika.

Hōʻike a me nā lātoma RNA

Ekolu walaʻauʻana hakakino papa o ribonucleicʻakika (RNA) e komo i loko o ka hōʻike o nā'ōewe mea i encoded ma ka dezokseribonukleinovoyʻakika (DNA) o ka halepaahao. Ka mea, e:

• elele, RNA (mRNA)
• Lawe RNA (tRNA)
• ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Ka wā e hōʻike i kekahi kūlana kūikawā ua pâʻani 'o ia ma ka mau ke ano mua o ka RNA.

unuhi rula

I kālaimeaola hōʻike mea i ka luna 'kaʻina oiai i o ka' ike i loko o ka lātoma o RNA (mRNA), he kumuʻiʻo ua synthesized. Ua heluhelu ia ka kaʻina o mRNA ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka aaiaoe kivila. Oāwa i unuhi ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka 'ole i kapa ribosome a mea heʻano o ka hola no ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. Kēia aeea organelle i ka poe liilii, a me ka nui subunit a me ka mea i ka luna 'lātoma iloko olaila no kekahi mau ribosomal RNA nā lātoma, a me ka helu o nā polokina.

He aha ka mea i hōʻike ma ka kālaimeaola?

Hōʻike o ka lua o ka koe ma hope o EKOLU. I loko o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ka aaiaoe kivila ua hoohuliia i loko o ka'amino nāʻakika i i hui pu ia ma kaʻakika'amino paa. nā kaula o ka'amino nāʻakika kapa polypeptides, a ua aia i loko o ka ribosomes, wahi organelles e hula nui i kūlana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. Hiki e hoakakaia like: kālaimeaola unuhi - he ke kelepona hele kaʻina hana i loko i ke kaulahao o'amino nāʻakika i hanaʻia ma ka ho omńkalakala i. Kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka cytoplasm, kahi ribosomes i ke aupuni '.

He aha ka mea i hōʻike ma ka kālaimeaola, a ma ka mea e akoakoa polypeptide? Aia i ekolu nuiʻanuʻu - he lālā, elongation a me ka hoopau wale. Kēlā mau hua'ōlelo e hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka Ekolu a, a, e wehewehe i ka hanaia'na o ka RNA kaula kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

'Aʻohe pae ua noʻonoʻo ho'ā' ia paha, i ka wa a ka makemake'aminoʻakika ua covalently e paa ana i ke kupono RNA (tRNA) a lilo "kauoha". ʻOiai ia mea,ʻaʻole technically no i koe ma ka unuhi, keia anu u mea i pono, e like me ka pōmaikaʻi me nā mea a pau mahope ikaika. No laila, e noonoo i ke kuʻina o ka unuhi i loko o kālaimeaola i hou aku au mamuli:

1. Hoʻomaka ai. Ma keia ke kahua, ka mRNA ua pili i ka tRNA, a ua pili i mai la'aminoʻakika. A pau i kahi hookahi, ka mea i hui ma ka ribosome.
2. Elongation. Kēia elongation ma ka hou o'amino nāʻakika ua pu ma ke kahua o kaʻakika'amino paa. E ho'ōla hana polypeptide. ka hoʻokuʻi i ka kaʻina mau ma, a ma hou like loa me ke kaula, aole ia i hiki kona kali, i mea e pili ana i hoʻokahi haneri'amino nāʻakika.
3. Hoopau wale. A hiki aku i ka hopena neaiae ua loaa biosynthesis, he polypeptide ua kaawale mai ka ribosome. I ka hookuu hou kumuʻiʻo, i ka piha huahelu o ka hoʻoleleʻana, mai hemo mai.

Ka Uluwehi O Ke a me ka pololei kaʻina

He aha ka mea i hōʻike ma ka kālaimeaola? He He loa eiiieaena, a ma ka mea ia manawa surprisingly pono-i hoʻonohonoho 'ia a me ka pololei kaʻina i komo ai i ka hailona o eiiiiiaiou. A pau ka hele, naoh a me nā manipulations wahi aku me ka papa hoʻolaukahi. Huli ana o nā'ōewe i loko o nā polokina kūpono kou i loko o nā kūlana: Ekolu a me ka unuhi. I loko nō o ka mea i iloko o ka mua i kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala 'aʻole i ana me ka lua o ia mea,ʻaʻole e hiki.

Hōʻike o ka pae hope i loko o ka manaʻo o ka 'ike i ka aaiaoe kiʻekiʻe. Kēia kaʻina hana hiki wale lawe wahi i ka noho ana keena, a me ia mea nui oi paʻakikī ma mua o ka mua'ōpū mai hoʻololi kemikala replication a me ka EKOLU. Ke unuhi komo ai nā mea a pau ano o ka RNA, he iwakalua ano o'amino nāʻakika, na nā'ūhū, a no laila, ma luna o. Hoʻohaku waena o nā hanana ia hana ke kelepona hele organelle, ka ribosome.

Ke kahaha ko oukou naau mea o ka ōhumu o nā mea a pau i ka interacting kumu o ka kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis: ka specificity o na mea he nui nā'ūhū ua nona ma ka manao lokahi i ka hoʻomaopopo pono ma ka hakakino kiʻekiʻe. Oia hoi, accidentally ike hoʻolako 'ole' a me ka hewa koke eliminated ma nā'ūhū, a, ma ka rula, no ka ia, a mai pane.

pono ke alu like

E like me ke kelepona hele ribosome a neʻe loa ma ka elele RNA, ua kiʻekiʻe o, kuu kona hoʻomaka 'paena, hui ma ka okoa ribosome. A me ka helu o na organelles hana ana ka poʻe ma luna o ka ua lātoma, e hiki mau na umi. Penei, hoʻokahi wale nō kumu mua ua hoʻohana 'ia e synthesize i kekahiʻano o hakakino duplekatov polypeptide. keia pono alu like 'ana i ua kapaia polyribosomes (polysomes).

Ke kaumaha ma muli i ke ano o nā polokina i koi mau aeea a meaola like me ka a pau, aia no he nunui-polypeptide biosynthesis nā'ōewe, a malalo o ia e kekahi hoʻokonukonu maomeka, a seamlessly a kūpono hana ma kekahi kuʻina o ke kala o aaiaoe 'ike, a me i ka hōʻike.