Endoplasmic reticulum: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

Endoplasmic reticulum - he OAXA organelle o eukaryotic keena. Ua ua loaʻa i loko o na keena o ka mea kanu, holoholona a me nā kānaka. I ka hana ana o keia ke keʻena o ka halepaahao i e lauwili, a uaʻano nui pili ia me ka hoʻololi kemikala, hooponopono hou a me ka amo ana o ke aloha i huiʻia.

No ka mea manawa mua i ka endoplasmic reticulum iʻike i ka makahiki 1945. 'Amelika nä känaka' epekema K. kiaipuka, ike aku la ia i kekahi o ka mea mua pila nui microscopes. Mai ia manawa, ia i hoomaka ai konaʻeleu noiʻi.

Ma o ka halepaahao, ma laila nō nā wale nō o kēia organelle:

• Ke granular a hoʻonaninani endoplasmic reticulum (uhi ai iiiaanoaa ribosomes).
• O ka pahee a ala apuupuu endoplasmic reticulum.

Kēlā me kēiaʻano o ka reticulum mai kekahi hiʻona a hanaʻia he loa okoa kuleana pili i. E ka nana ana ia i loko o aku au mamuli.

Granular endoplasmic reticulum: i ka 'ole. Kēia organelle He He pahu'ōnaehana, vesicles a me tubules. komo kona pā o ka bilipidnoyʻili lahilahi. Ka laula o ka lua i ka ÷ 20 HI i kekahi mau micrometers - mea a pau e kaukaʻi ma ka ha awina o ka secretory keena.

Mai ka iki hana kūikawā keena, a i wehewehe aku ma ka haahaa nui o ka pūnao, na EPS hoʻouna 'ia me wale i kekahi mau puehu wale aku no poʻina nalu. Loko o ka halepaahao, i mea 'Imi synthesize kumuʻiʻo endoplasmic reticulum ninoieo o ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka poʻina nalu, a manamana ai tubules kahua.

Nō kāu, granular EPM ma omo membranes ua pili me ka nukelea wahī - ma keia aoao undergoing eiiieaena hoʻololi kemikala keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me ka amo kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma.

Granular endoplasmic reticulum: i ka mana. E like me ua oleloia, o ka ili honua holoʻokoʻa ma XPS cytoplasm uhi ma ribosomes, a i ikeia e e komo i loko o kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. EPS - he wahi o ka hoʻololi kemikala a me ka amo ana o kumuʻiʻo i huiʻia.

Kēia organelle kuleana no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi integral nā polokina. Akā, ma ka hapanui o na hihia ma ka hou kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma Viaʻili lahilahi vesicles e kaʻi aku i ka Golgi nakeke, kahi a lakou i hou hoʻololi 'a me ka puunaue pono o na keena, niioaaonoaaiii, a me nā'aʻaʻa.

Eia hou kekahi, cavities ana EPS poʻina nalu a me kekahi loli ma ke kumuʻiʻo - e laʻa me, ka piʻiʻana o ka carbohydrate ke keʻena. Eia, ma ka aggregation o ka nui secretory granules i hana.

Ala apuupuu endoplasmic lātike: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo. Ka 'ole o ka mea malimali EPS mai kekahi oko ao. No ka laʻana, keia organelle ninoieo wale o ka poʻina nalu, a i ole nenoaiu o tubules. Pono a pau o na EPS, e like me ka rula, ua uuku, akā, i ka laula o ka pahu, ma ka mea ku ole, nui.

Ke ala apuupuu endoplasmic reticulum ua ole e pili ana i ka hoʻololi kemikala o ke kumuʻiʻo eiiiiiaiou akā, hanaʻia i ka helu o ka like nui i hana '. No ka laʻana, eia ka he hoʻololi kemikala o steroid hormones i loko o kānaka a me nā mea a pau vertebrates. Ia mea ke kumu o ka buke o ke ala apuupuu EPS ma adrenal aeee mea he nui.

I ake keena EPS produces ka mea nā'ūhū limahana ma carbohydrate pūnao, oia decomposition o glycogen. Ua ua iʻike i ke akepaʻa aeee i kuleana no ka neutralization o toxins. Ma keia organelle poʻina nalu i ka hoʻololi kemikala o kekahi hydrophilic ke keʻena i laila, pili i kaʻawahia lātoma maoli kona solubility i loko o ke koko a me ka mimi. He hana hoihoi 'ia i loko o hepatocytes, i mau hāʻule ma lalo o ka aoao o toxins (hoomake iho no hoi, ka waiʻona), kokoke i ka halepaahao e ku ma ka'auwaʻa i kaulike poʻina nalu laumania EPS.

Ma Muscle keena, aia no he kūikawāʻano o ke ala apuupuu EPS - sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ua hana like me ka nei kalipuna na na, penei keʻano o ka hanaʻana haʻawina a me ka hoomaha keena.

I hiki ke ike, EPS oihana i e lauwili a me ka mea nui no ka mea maʻamau functioning o ola keena.