He aha ka (viscosity)? (viscosity) huahelu pa alima

(Viscosity) ho'ākāka i ka hiki ana o ke kinowai a me kinoea e hana ia'ku ma waena o neʻe maila i pili i kekahi i kekahi papa o ka loli (i paa) kino. Ia mea, ua nui hoʻopili like i ka ikaika o na kū'ē (English manawa: (viscosity)), loko mai o ka neʻeʻana o ke kinoea a wai. No ka mea okoa kino ia e e okoa, e like me ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o lākou ano. No ka laʻana, i ka wai i ka haʻahaʻa (viscosity) hoʻohālikelike me ka meli, i mea nui kiekie ae (viscosity). Na na kū'ē 'ole fluidity paa (bulk) mea wehewehe aku rheological ano.

Word (viscosity) hele mai ana, mai ka Lakina Viscum, a 'o ia hoʻi ka mistletoe. O ke kumu ho i ka manu-Lime, a ua i mai ka mistletoe hua, a hoʻohana 'ia no ka lālau manu. Lina haukaʻe me ka lāʻau i na lala a me ka manu e noho ana ma luna o ia mea pio oluolu no kānaka.

He aha ka (viscosity)? Naehana ana o nā 'ano, e hāʻawiʻia mai, e like me ke ano mua, ma ka Si'ōnaehana, e like me nā' ole-Si huahelu.

Isaac Newton 1687, kukulu iho la lakou i ke kumu o kānāwai o ka pele o ka wai a me ka gaseous kino: F = ƞ • {(v2 - v1) / (z2 - z1)} • S. Ma keia hihia, F - o ka ikaika (tangential) i ke kumu no ka 'oni iki o ka hoʻoneʻe papa kino. Ka lākiō (v2 - v1) / (z2 - z1) hōʻike i ka uku o ka loli o ke kinowai ai ole kinoea kahe māmā holo i loko o ka hoʻololi mai kekahi, ahu iho i kekahi hoʻoneʻe. I ole ia iʻikeʻia e like me ka pele māmā holoʻano piʻina a ako i kōmi. Ka nui o ka S - o ka wahi (i loko o kea pauku) o ka hoʻoneʻe kino pele. Ƞ ka proportionality ololi o ka (viscosity) kaʻi lau waiwai o hōʻeuʻeu keia kino. Ka waiwai ke hu = inverse 1 / ƞ, he fluidity. Max ka lawe 'ana no pa alima āpana (i loko o kea pauku) o ka pele hiki e pōpilikia e like me ka haʻilula: μ = F / S. It Ua piha paha hōʻeuʻeu (viscosity). Naehana ana i loko o ka Si'ōnaehana, ka mea hiki ke hoikeia me ka pascal lua.

Ke (viscosity) mea he nui physical-Nine Inch ano o na mea he nui 'ona. Kona waiwai i loko o ka mooolelo ma ka manao a me ka hana o ka hookiokio aku a me ka mea i ma a he mea ana (e laʻa me, ina ka mea, e hoʻohana no ka pumping) ke kinowai ole gaseous meakino. Ua hiki e kaʻaila, kinoea, a me ko lakou ma-huahana, hoʻoheheʻe slag paha aniani, a no laila, ma luna o. (Viscosity) ma na hihia a pau o ka qualitative ano o nā kula waena a me ka hope loa huahana o kekahi mau hana, no ka mea, hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka 'ole o ka waiwai a me ka hōʻike physico-Nine Inch moku'āina o ka mea a me ka hoʻololi i ka' ike loea. Pinepine, i ka manaʻo i ka ia'ku e deformation ua e hana a pau o ka hōʻeuʻeu a me ka kinematic (viscosity), a huahelu Si huahelu hoʻohikiʻia ma kuea mau mika kekona päkahi. Kinematic (viscosity) (denoted ma ka ν) o ka lākiō o ka hōʻeuʻeu (viscosity) (μ) a hiki i ka loli nuʻa (ρ): V = μ / ρ.

Kinematic (viscosity) - he physico-Nine Inch ano o ka mea, e hoike ana i kona waiwai ma lalo o ka hana ana o gravitational koa ko oukou pale ana i ka pele.

Na Si pa alima o kinematic (viscosity) ana ua lohe like m2 / s.

Ma ka CGS'ōnaehana (viscosity) ua anaia mai ka manawa i ka Stokes (St) ole centistokes (cSt).

Ma waena o kēia mau ana 'iniha, he mea ka kēia pilina: knm = 1 10-4 m2 / s, no ka mea hoi 1 cSt = 10-2 knm = 10-6 m2 / s = 1 mm2 / s. Pinepine kinematic (viscosity) i kekahi ole-systemic pa alima o ana - keia Engler degere, a Stokes hoolilo hiki e lawe mai ma ka empirical haʻilula: V = 0,073oE - 0.063 / OE a me ka papaʻaina.

E hoohuli i ke hoʻohana i ka hōʻeuʻeu (viscosity) o ka'ōnaehana huahelu ma extrasystematic helu kaulike. 1 Pa • l = 10 poises. Shorthand ua palapala: AP

I hookuu na huahelu i hooponopono loli (viscosity) normative nā moʻolelo ma ka pau (kalepa) huahana a kaʻina hana e pono ai ma ka interm pu me kaʻoluʻolu huahelu o ka oko o keia qualitative ano, a no hoi me ka hewa o ke ana.

E hoʻoholo i ka (viscosity) ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua 'ole hanalima rula i viscometers likeʻole manao. Ka mea hiki e hoʻokaʻa, a me ka mea poepoe, capillary, kani ultrasonic. I ka rula o ana i ka (viscosity) o ka aniani capillary viscometer ma muli o ka hoʻoholo 'o ka pau manawa o ka wai ma ka calibrated capillary şarkı o ka kekahi anawaena a me ka lōʻihi, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka a eia i o ka viscometer. Mai ka (viscosity) o ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mahana (me ka mahuahua ia ia, e emi no i ka hakakino kinetic pähola 'like me ka hopena o ka hoʻonui o kaulele noi a me ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o nā lātoma), no laila, ua hōʻike hāpana pono e mālama' ia no kekahi manawa ma kekahi ana wela no averaging ka hope ma ka buke o ka hāpana. He nui na ano o ka ana hōʻike (viscosity) hōʻike, akā, me ka loa, he pono ole - Ua interstate maʻamau GOST 33-2000, a ua nānā 'ia me ka nānā i ka kinematic (viscosity), nā huahelu ma keia hihia mm2 / mau (cSt), a me ka hōʻeuʻeu (viscosity) ua recalculated like me ka huina hoonui o ka kinematic (viscosity) ma ka pa apŘ.