Heart o na manu: ka 'ole a me nā hiʻona o ka circulatory'ōnaehana

Manu - hanana pūʻulu gomoyoternyh meaola nona ka I Aloha Hawaii ua pili me ka hiki, e like lele. He hiki ma lalo o keʻano o ka hana hana sternum nāʻiʻo a me forelimbs - mau eheu. Kēia kaʻina hana, ma ka huli, hoakaka ia he ana lako hou i ka myocyte o oxygen a me ka mahuaola, o ka oi aku monakō koko.

Koko - o ka waiwai i 'ohua' ia a puni i ke kino a me kona ana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mālama nui hana o ka naau - ka EII ni, i ka wai ua EII ni tirelessly connective'aʻaʻa. Aoaao o oxyhemoglobin a me ke aloha 'ona hoʻolako circulatory kahua manu. Heart - i ka papa kuhikuhiE hui, e circulates koko. No kona 'ole a me ka hana ana au i ke i loko o kēia' atikala.

Hiʻona o ka circulatory'ōnaehana

, Pili pūnao i loko o nā manu Ua hiki no mau kumu. First - kiʻekiʻe ke koko, ke kumu i ka nui koko i loko o arteries a me aa koko ahiahi. Ka lua - ka specificity o ke koko lako i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Heart manu quad, hema a me ka pono loa ka mea, i hoike (ka mea, he piha paku), no laila, i ke koko, aole ia e hui pu: ma kaʻaoʻao hema e neʻe arterial, a me ka pono - venous. Ma kūkaʻi o ka waiwai he aha ka manu e like me ka ololi like, e hele ana oukou ma ka puʻupaʻa i ole wale arterial (me ka mammals), akā, no hoi ma ka puka venous koko ipu'ōnaehana no laila, i ke kinowai ai metabolites mai o ia kahi o ka urea hana uricʻakika. Next: koko keena -ʻulaʻula koko keena - ka poeikohoia o ka ave ka papa i ka Kora naʻEsau, i maoli he ka lifespan o kēia mau keena. Mai ka ventricle hema o ka naau e hiki mai ka nui arterial moku - ka aorta. Ka mea, i ka piʻo akau, bifurcation i hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka hema a me ka akau innominate artery, a i ke poo a me ka eheu o na manu, a me ka mahuaola a me ka oxygen.

naau'anatomia

E like me ka puha muscular hui, ka mea, ua aia ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau o ka pahu, a ua uhi ia me pericardium - ka pericardium. Ma mua o ka sternum naau manu hapa 'ia' uhi ma ka hou naehana nā loko - ea sacs. Ka mea, i ke kinona o kaʻohana, ke kihi o ka a ninoaaeyao ka palapalaʻoihana ma waena o ka'ōpū, a me ka akepaʻa.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka laha 'o ka manu, naau shape i e okoa mai kruglokonicheskoy i ellipsoidal-loa. Kēia circulatory hui, oia o ekolu mau papa: ka pā - serous (epicardium), meakino (myocardium) a me ka loko (endocardial). Ka loa nui o ia mau mea - ka waenaʻili lahilahi, i hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka 'ole o ke kiekie ae ha awina a me ka hoʻokōʻana o ka naʻau.

myocardium

Ua ninoieo o striated Muscle'aʻaʻa kūikawā 'ole e distinguishes i ka naʻau o nā manu mai a pau'ē aʻe na nā loko, i loaʻa wale ala apuupuu Muscle. Inboard cardiomyocytes i nā ikaika, a kōā kaulike hāʻawi i ka haawe i ka ho'ēmiʻana. Kekahi pono o ka naau Muscle - ke kuokoa o systole a me ka diastole keena: atria a me ventricles. myocardial keena intertwined, no laila, nā aʻalolo impulses houʻia ka uila ma luna o cardiomyocytes, a me ka mea a pau iwi koke hoemiia.

keena o ka naau

Elua atria - ma ka hema a me ka pono, e like me na ventricles elua i kekahi mau hiʻona pili me ka'anatomia o ka myocardium. Kona pā mea nui ka ikaika a me ka pūhaka ma ka hapa hema o ka naau, no ka mea, o kona ventricular arterial koko ma lalo o kiʻekiʻe puʻe ua kipaku i loko o ka aorta, a laila, komo i ka systemic holo. Ma ka naau o ke koko ua mau neʻe ana i kekahi ala e hiki aku: mai ka atria a hiki i ka ventricles, a laila, mai ka akau pulmonary artery, a mai ka lima hema ma ka lima akau aortic e pio. Ma ka palena ma waena o nā keʻena i aia atrioventralnye kiwikā, oia hoi o connective'aʻaʻa: Muscle a me ka membranous. Ka mea, e 'ae i ke koko, e hoʻi i kekahi hapa o ka ventricle a hiki i ka atrium. Heart manu, me ka 'ole o kona keʻena, a kiwikā hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pae i ka i ka mea a pau systematically.

Ma neognathae (mau manu), ka mua hema a me ka pono a me ka hope o aa koko e hakahaka ana i loko o ka atrium'ākau kū kaʻawale, a ma drevnenebnyh puha aa koko merge e hana i kekahi sine. Ma waena o ia, a me ka atrium akau, elua muscular kiwikā hana. Ka mua pūʻulu maupaʻa i kaʻohana o nā manu Columbiformes, Anseriformes, vorobinyh, woodpeckers a me kekahi poe e ae, ka lua o ka pūʻulu ninoieo casuariiformes, kiviobraznye, nanduobraznye no hea bezkilevymi manu (flightless).

holo

E like me mākou i olelo ia, o ka naau o ka-manu eha. Kona 'ole ke kumu no nā holo. Small Circle (pulmonary) helu kuhi puke i loko o ka ventricle akau a me ka welau ma ka atrium hema. Nui p ÷ hoomaka ma ke ventricle hema. Mai ka'ākau aortic e pio mai arteries lala mai, a lawe mai i oxygen, a māhuaola i na keena o nā mea a pau nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa o nā manuʻaiʻia. ua ohi Venous koko i loko o ka vena cava, a i komo i loko o ka atrium akau, keia ke hoʻoholo 'ia i ka systemic holo.

Ke specificity o cardiac ha awina

Këia i ke kumu nui loa o ka circulatory'ōnaehana - i ka naau o ka manu, ke 'ole a me ka mana o ka pahupaʻiwikiō - kaulana i keia kino i ka pono nui waiwai a me ke kaupaonaʻana e pili ana i ke kaumaha o ke kino. No kekahi laʻana, na manu e like me bullfinches, poʻo nui, Duck ma kahi o 1 - 1,3% ma ke kaupaonaʻana, a me ka laha 'me ka kiʻekiʻe māmā a me ka maneuverability o ka holo - e 2%.

No ka laʻana, manu o ka pio - White-waʻa,ʻaeto lā, manu lele - cardiac inideka mea ma kahi o 1.8%. Eia hou, na manu i kiʻekiʻe ke koko, a me ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale i kela papa koa, mai 200 a hiki i 600 kui iho oe a no minuke, a iloko o ka lele o 1200 naau kui iho oe a.

Ma keia pepa, ua olelo mai mākou i ka ninau, i ke ano o ka naau i ka manu, a nānā aku i nā 'ano o ka myocardium, a, e emi iho i ka specificity o ko lākou mau mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko haʻawina.