Ho'opili hou i ka tundra:'ano, ka wehewehe

Paha he nui, eʻae pū mai i keia mea i ka loa nani holoholona e ola ana ma ka Akau. Ma nā'āpana nui o ka'āina,'o ka'āina ma ko mākou'āina, a ma ke kūkulu'ākau ho'i o'Amelika,'o kēia ola kaulana loa.

Ke'ano

He holoholona nui kēia me kahi pahu ikaika a he mau wāwae iki. 'Oiai na'e, he mea mahalo loa ia, ma kahi o ka holo'ana. 'O ka nani nui i kēia holoholona e pili ana i nā pepeiaohao ho'onani, a he mau kāne like'ole kekahi.

He mea pono kēia o ka dia - ke kōkua nei lākou i ke kaua'ana i ka'īlio hae, a'a'ole nā kāne e no'ono'o e ho'okohu iā lākou iho.

Lana

No ka mea he holoholona ia o ka'ākau, he huluhulu mahana ka dia. 'O kona lau'ele'ele'ele'ele, kokoke i ke ke'oke'o. Ma loko o ka lauoho he hollow. Loa'a ka ea, no ka maika'i o ka holoholona. Eia kekahi,'o ka uhi huluhulu i hiki ke pale pono'ia no ke anu. Me ka ho'omaka'ana o ka hau i lalo o ka hau, māmā, mālū ke'ohuhu, a laila'a'ole ka maka'u o ke anu anu i ka dia.

Ho'okahe'o ia i ho'okahi manawa i ka makahiki, akā lō'ihi. 'O ka makahiki kahiko i ho'omaka'ia e hā'ule i Malaki, hiki mai kekahi mea hou i Mei. 'O ka ikaika loa o ka hana i ka hopena o Iune a me Iulai. A hiki i ka mahina'o Kepakemapa, hiki i nā'āpana o ka uhi kahiko.

Mālama nā mākī lahilahi a me ka'ā'ī i ka dia e hele i loko o ka hau pa'a loa. Me nā māi'u'u, kālai lākou, a loa'a nā mea'ai no lākou iho. Holo māmā ka holoholona i kahi marsh marshy.

He aha ka mea e ho'omau ai ka renoner?

He nui ka po'e e pane i kēia nīnau, e ho'ohana ana'o ia i ka moa punahele no ka mea'ai. 'A'ole pololei kēia. Ke kumu o kona mana o ka limu, a ua erroneously kapa reindeer ka limu. Ho'opiha ka mea kanu i ka papahele o ka honua ma ka tundra me kahi ka'a mau. Hiki i ke dia ke ho'onani ia mea ma lalo o ka hapalua mika o ka hau. Eia na'e, ke ulu mālie nei kēia laikini (e pili ana i 5 mm o ka makahiki), no ia mea,'o nā pua'a ikaika e holo i ke kola e'imi i nā'āina hou.

He mā'ona maika'i'o Jagel, aia kahi ma'i'alo'olo maoli. 'O ka ho'omau'ana i ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka mea e hānai ai ka mea ho'oulu i ka mea, e ho'omaopopo kākou'a'ole'o ka haugel ka mea'ai a kēia mau holoholona wale nō. I ke kauwela, ho'ohau'oli ka deer i nā hua, nā mea kanu, nā haloo, nā lau lā'au a me nā lā'au. 'A'ole i'ike nā kānaka he nui ke kumukū'ai nona ka ki'i āu i'ike ai i loko o kā mākou'atikala, ma kekahi mau mea e hiki ke hana ma ke'ano makamua, e'ai i nā mea li'ili'i, e like me ka lemmings.

Hiki ke'ai'ia ka'ai'ana e ka deer i nā'āina, akā, ua ho'okomo'ia i ka palaoa a me ka palaoa.

'O ke'ano o ke ola o ka ho'oki'eki'e

'A'ole hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke noho ma o lākou iho. 'O ka mea ho'ohui i ka tundra e noho nei i nā bipi, e helu ana mai kahi a ho'okahi mau kānaka he'umikumamālua. Kēiaʻaoʻao o ke ola ma muli o ia ka mea i loko o ka poʻe Polenekia o nā holoholona i loko o ka ohana bipi loa ke puana hoʻopale ai ia lakou iho mai ka Moana. Ho'opili'ia ke ola o ka ho'oki'eki'e me nā ne'e mau loa. Eia kekahi la'ana, i ka hopena o ka'auwai'ana o ka'ohana pua'a, ka mea e noho mau nei i ka tundra, hele i ka hema, i loko o ke taiga - i ka ma'a anuanu ke ma'alahi ka loa'a'ana o ka mea'ai ma kēia mau wahi. 'O kēia mau mea ikaika i ka'imi'ana i ka mea'ai e hiki ke lanakila ma kahi mamao o 1000 km.

He mau'enemi o ka dia

I nā manawa a pau, he mea'ai nui nā reinender no nā mea pā'ani. 'O ka pilikia nui iā lākou, he mau'īlio hae a me nā lūlū. 'O ka manawa kūpono loa iā lākou,'o ia ka manawa ne'e o ka dia. I loko o kēia wā, nā kānaka'elemakule a nāwaliwali e waiho ana ma hope o ke kau. Aia ma luna o lākou e lele mai nā'īlio hae a me nā'īlio hae.

'A'ohe mea hiki ke kōkua i ka'ōlelo'ana he po'e'enemi ho'i nā dia'āhiu. No ke kanaka, ua hō'ike'ia ke kumukū'ai e nā'i'o, nā hū a me nā pepeiaohao o kēia mau holoholona. Ma kēia'ano, ua mālama maika'i'ia nā heluna o ka nui o nā dia. Ma kēlā mau wahi e palekana'ia nā holoholona,'a'ole lākou maka'u i ke kanaka, hele pinepine i ka'ao'ao o nā alanui.

I kēia mau lā ma ka'ākau o'Eulopa, aia 600,000 deer ka nui, a ma nā wahi pola o ko mākou'āina -'ewalu tausani. 'O ka home reindeer nui aku - e pili ana i'ekolu miliona kānaka.

Ka hana hou

'O ka wā ma mua o nā kau bipi e hele mai ka wā male, i'ike'ia i nā kaua pinepine a pa'akikī o nā kāne. 'O ka dianeki'ākau he polygamous. I loko o ka "harem" o kekahi kāne he 15 mau wāhine. 'O ka lō'ihi o ka hāpai'ana he 246 lā. Ho'okau'ia ka dia hānau keiki i ka mahina o Mei-Iune. E like me ke kaulike, hānau'ia he pēpē ho'okahi, he emi'ole ka manawa -'elua. 'O ke kaumaha o ka deer he 6.5 kg. I'elua pule, ho'omaka ka pēpē e ulu i nā pepeiaohao. 'Elua, ai kekahi manawa'ekolu makahiki, e hahai ka dia i ka makuahine.

I kēia manawa i ka makahiki'elua o ke ola, ua hiki i ka wā kahiko. He 20 makahiki ka lō'ihi o ke ola'ana o kekahi holoholona.

I ka malama'o Kekemapa, ma hope o ka hopena, hā'ule nā kāne i nā pepeiaohao. 'A'ole nā wāhine e māhele me lākou.

Nā'ano o ke kāko'o

'Elua'ano o kēia mau holoholona. 'O ka māhele mua'o'Amelika Hema. Loa'a iā ia he mau'āpana. Alaska, Greenland, Kanada -'o ia ka'āina kahi e ola ai ke kāko'o o kēia mea. I ka honua a pau, ua kapa'ia lākou'o caribou.

'O ka papa'elua,'o ia nā'āpana e noho ana ma Eurasia - nā ululā'au, Finnish, Arctic Northern Deser, akā'o ka'āina'o New Zealand.

'O ka'ala o ka home

Pono kēia māhele o nā holoholona i ke kūkākūkā'ana. 'O kēia hui e komo ana i nā lālā kū'oko'a'ekolu -'Oi, Nenets, Evenk.

'O ka hopena Nenets ka hopena o nā makahiki he nui o ka hānau'ana. Mahalo paha, makemake'oe i kahi e ola nei ka mea ho'omau o kēia lāhui? Hā'awi'ia nā holoholona ma waho o ka Urals. Hiki ke'ike'ia ka pua e ka ha'aha'a iki, akā i ka manawa ho'okahi, ua nui ka ho'omanawanui o nā holoholona. 'O ke kala e ma'a mau. Ho'ohana'ia kēia mau piahi i ke kī. 'O ke kaupaona o nā kāne he 140 kg,'o nā wahine - 100 kg.

Ua ho'ohana pinepine'ia'o The Evenk reindeer i ka tundra no ka lawe'ana i nā ukana. 'O ka manawa he holoholona holo.

'O ke kaumaha o ka dia, no laila, ua emi ke kaumaha. Hā'ai pinepine'ia lākou no ka waiū a me ka'i'o.

Pehea ka ho'ohana'ana o ka Deer

'Oiai, i kēia manawa, ua ola nā kānaka he nui i ka holoholona e like me ke kāko'o. I ka mākū,'o ka hiki'ole i ke kanaka ke hana'ole me ke kōkua'ole. Wildlife lāhui kanaka o ka North i hoʻohālua no ka ai ma keia aoao. Akā ua hānai pinepine'ia ka'ohana hānai. No nā po'e o ka'ākau he holoholona āpau kēia. 'Ai'ia nā'ōpū i loko o ka mea'ai. Hā'awi nā wāhine o ka wahine hānai wahine i ka waiū hānai. Pa'i a ua uhi'ia i ka ili i ka'ili o kēia mau holoholona. Mai ka'ili mai ka lole lole a me nā lole ho'olimalima.

Mai kahi'ili o ka dia, i kapa'ia he bunnies, ke hana nei lākou i nā mea nui a me nā mea kūpono no nā'ōpiopio li'ili'i, a me nā pāpale no nā mākua.

No nā'āpana huluhulu, nā mea ho'omana'o a me nā mea nani.

Akā, undeniably, dia antler (pinepine kapa kuko) i ka loa waiwai mea. 'O kēia mau mea, ua hana'ia nā mea like'ole o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Akā,'o kā lākou waiwai nui, aia i loko o nā'ano ho'ōla. Ua ho'ohana nā Kauka o ka Hikina i nā ki'i no ka mālama'ana i nā kānaka no nā makahiki he 3,000.

'A'ole ia i ka wā ma mua, ua hoihoi nā mea'epekema hou i ka nīnau no ke aha e hiki ai i nā dere ke hā'ule i ko lākou mau pepeiao, a'ike'ia nā mea hou ma ko lākou wahi. Ma hope o ka ho'ona'auao'ana, ua ho'oholo lākou - ma loko o ka pumehana kahi pūnaewele e mālama i ka ho'omau hou'ana i nā pūpū o ka iwi. No laila, ua ho'ohana'ia kahi mea mai o lākou ai'ole ka lepo e mālama ai i nā ma'i'ino o nā iwi a me nā hui. Eia kekahi, nā lā'au lapa'au e pili ana i nā mea'ae'a - he mana nui loa. Ua ho'onohonoho'ia lākou i nā kino kino a me nā māmā.

I ka wā kahiko, ua ho'ohana'ia ka mea ikaika i ka ho'okele lio. I loko o ka tundra, i ho'okomo'ia i kahi ka'aahi, hiki iā ia ke halihali i ka mea nāna i kahi kūpono. I kēia lā, me ka ho'omohala'ana i ka'enehana, ua nalowale kēia pono. Akā,'ānō, reindeer, kona kiʻi pinepine Ua wehi Promotional Avenue akau mau mea, komo ia haumāna ma Kuʻu, holo iauaeoia oo? Ecia.

Ma ka'āpana'ākau o ko mākou'āina, i ka pi'i'ana o ka ho'olālā, ua hana nā kānaka i ka hana i nā holoholona'oi aku. 'O ka mana'o o nā kānaka no ka dia e mālama iā lākou mai nā holoholona hihiu i ka ho'oilo, a mai nā'ōpū i ke kauwela. Pono ia'u e'ōlelo aku,'a'ole pono nā hana e pili ana i kēia.

Me nā mea maika'i a pau o ka nohona kanaka, i kēia lā,'o ka mea kōkua nui o kekahi po'e,'o ia ka mea hope. I loko o ka tundra he pa'akikī ke ola me kēia holoholona maika'i a ikaika.