Hydrolysis manaʻo. Laulā 'ano o ke kaʻina hana: hydrolysis mau, a me ka degere o ka hydrolysis

By hydrolysis o ka paʻakai i manaoia ka naoh ma waena o ka wai nā lātoma a me nā lātoma o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe paʻakai. E like me ka hopena o ia ka naoh i hana little- dissociated hui. Ke kaʻina hana ke hana ole wale me ka paʻakai, akā, ma ka hihia o ke alo i loko o ka wai o nā solutes - carbohydrates, nā polokina, bipi kūpaluʻia, a me nā mea kemika. Heluna hapauuku, ka naoh mau mea i hoʻohana - i ke degere o ka hydrolysis (β) a me ka paʻakai hydrolysis ikaika (K [e]).

Ke naoh ua ana i ka malamaia loli ma ka loiloi mua pāʻoihanaʻakika. Ma kahi o ka ke aloha'ūheheʻe (ka wai) hiki ke hoʻohana i ka'ūheheʻe o kekahiʻano. Naʻe, i loko o kēia hihia o ka naoh ma waena o ka'ūheheʻe a me ka paakai i kapaia solvolysis.

He nui ka ike i komo i loko o ka hydrolysis o wale ua mau paʻakai i i loko, mai ka eiiiiiaiou o nawaliwali kumu a me nāʻakika. Paʻakai loko mai o nāʻakika a me nā kumu ikaika, ka hydrolysis naoh ua i hooleiiaʻi mawaho.

I mea e emi iho i ke kaʻina pele e lilo, hoʻohana i ka kūikawā ka wehewehena - degere o ka hydrolysis (β). Ke degere o ka hydrolysis e hoʻoholo i ka pili nui o ka lehulehu o nā lātoma i hydrolyze (C [neaa]) a hiki i ka palapala (kumu) i ka lehulehu o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe paakai (C [listen.]). Mathematically keia hiki ke hoikeia ma ka helu kaulike kēia: β = C [neaa] / C [listen.].

I ka nui o ka naoh hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ekolu kumumea:

- i ke ano o na Ion e e i ka paakai;

- ka paakai lehulehu o Ion;

- pāʻoihana mahana.

Ke degere o ka hydrolysis mālama, e hoomahuahua i me ka emi ana o ka dissociation a eia i o ka poe ikaika oleʻakika paha kumu, e like me hoemi i ka degere o ka paakai lehulehu a me ka ulu ana wela.

Ke naoh kānāwai ma appreciable loa wale nō i loko o dilute pāʻoihana. No ia mea, ina o ka waiwai io o C [H20] mai i ka hola a eia i waiwai, a laila, e lilo ia i hiki e hoʻomaulia i ka derivative cia K [nei] (a hydrolysis ikaika). Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pili waiwai o nāʻakika a me nā kumu, mai a paʻakai i hana, hydrolysis kānāwai ma kekahi o ekolu ano, a no ia mea, he pōpilikia okoa i ka ikaika paakai hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis o ka paʻakai i loko i māhele o kaʻakika ikaika , a me ka nawaliwali kumu (i kapa kaʻina - ma ka cation hydrolysis)

hydrolysis ikaika ua nānā 'ia e ka kēia haʻilula: K [e] = K [W] / K [i ka waihona ipu], kahi K [W] - i ka hopena o ka ion huahana o ka wai (C [H] + C [OH (-)]).

Mai ka hydrolysis mau 'aoʻao o ka mea hiki ke ike ia me ka emi i loko o ka waihona ipu puʻe wale mai i ka hua ma na aiee o na ia a eia i o hydrolysis, a, nolaila, ke degere o ka hydrolysis. I huli ai oe, o ka degere o ka hydrolysis mālama, e hoonui me ka hōʻemiʻana kumu ikaika, a me ka degere o ka lehulehu o ka paʻakai ma ka pāʻoihana. E māhuahua naoh mahana kekahi maoli he hydrolysis ia a eia i, a kiekie aiee o ka degere o ka hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis o ka paʻakai i nā nā mea loaʻa o ka waihona ipu, a me ka nawaliwaliʻakika ikaika (iʻikeʻia kaʻina - hydrolysis o ka anion)

Hydrolysis ikaika he pōpilikia ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā kēia haʻilula: K [e] = K [W] / K [ʻakika] kahi o ka waiwai K [ʻakika] - o ka dissociation a eia no ka mea nawaliwaliʻakika.

Hydrolysis o ka paʻakai i nā nā mea loaʻa o ka palupalu waihona ipu, a me ka nawaliwaliʻakika (kekahi inoa - hydrolysis o cations a me anions)

Ma keia hihia, ke hydrolysis ikaika nā loina, e hooponoponoia ia mea, e dissociation a eia i ka nawaliwali waihona ipu a me ka nawaliwaliʻakika. Ua he pōpilikia ma ka kēia haʻilula: K [e] = K [W] / K [ʻakika] * K [i ka waihona ipu].

Meaning hydrolysis

Nā reactions 'ia i loko o ka hydrolysis kaʻina ua hoʻomano hoʻohana' ia i loko o kēia hanalima keʻano o ka hanaʻana. No ka laʻana, e like me ka naoh ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai, mai nā palapala admixtures a coarsely hoopuehu colloidal moʻo. No keia mea kūikawā kimu o hydroxides o ka hao a me ka Aluminum, loaa ma ka hydrolysis o ferric sulufahate, ferric koloriside a me ka Aluminum sulufahate.

Hydrolysis - mea nui i kekahi hapa o ke kaʻina hana o ka digestion o ola meaola ma ka Honua. Ka hapa nui o ka ikehu kupono no ke ola ana o ka meaola, ua waiho waho me adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Hoʻokaʻawale o ka ikehu ia lŘlŘ ma ka aʻee komo nei i ka hydrolysis o ATP.