I ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokolo o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe

Ma ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai, e hiki ke loaʻa ia i kekahi mea e like me ke ana o ka oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe. E hana i kēia, mua mākou i loaʻa mai mea e noiʻi i? Aneia iainiiaaiea. E like me ka poepoe o ka lehulehu ola , he nui loa i ona lā, i ia mea i loko o ka papa. E kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka' epekema ana.

Ke kumu o ka manaʻo o nā 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka' epekema

Uaʻikeʻia i loko o ka mamao i hala, i ka wa kahiko. No ka mea mua manawa e pili ana ia Shoes ke kahiko Helene nä känaka 'epekema Xenophon ma ka 5th kenekulia. BC Makamua haumana i ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o keia ano i hele ai i ka housekeeping. He mea maopopo. Kokoke i ka pau hoʻokele waiwai i loko o ke ano o ka Helene kulanakauhale-Hawaii oia o nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā liilii, a me ka poe kalepa. Artisans, mahiʻai, e uhau ana. Aia he i nui lehulehu hui ma ka Hikina. O ke kumu ho i ka mehana aniau a me ka nele o ka pono, e consolidate i ka nenoaio i hana (ma ka hema) a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe (ma ka akau). ua piha ka liʻiliʻi shopkeepers ka pōʻaiawaiwai o ka pau aina. A ano o nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālāʻuʻuku o ko mākou manawa. Na poe kalepa a me shopkeepers nō i ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokolo o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe i ka manawa.

'Aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka' epekema i keia la

Ka pōʻaiawaiwai kēia Ua loa okoa, a me ka ikaika transnational poʻe a me nā hale hana. Ma ka keia kahua o keia 'epekema ua subdivided i macroeconomics, microeconomics, a me ke ao nei.

He aha ka microeconomics

Ke kau o ka iki hoʻopili like i ka palapala ano o ka manaʻo o "hoʻokele waiwai" i kahiko Greece. Oia, ia mea he 'epekema i Pilikanaka ka kaʻawale? Aneiai nāʻoihana, kā lākou mau ka pili ma, pilikia, etc. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, kuokoa hana i loko o ka aneiai poepoe o ka aina. Pilikia kānāwai, pili me ka kekahi i kekahi, a me ka moku'āina.

macroeconomics

A nui manaʻo. Ua Pilikanaka ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka a pau poepoe o ka lehulehu ola. Na pilikia o ka ilihune, ke hana market like me ka a pau. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE macroeconomics hoʻokolo o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe. Ka mea, e pono no i ka mooolelo o ka-yeiiiie? I loko o ka moku'āina.

Hoʻokolo o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe. Social 'epekema e like me ke kula i ka holo ana

Ka waiwai o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe i ka piha kiʻi o ke kaʻina hana o ke-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, o ka makana a me ka hokii, i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai.

No ka laʻana, lawe i ke kahua ma ka mahiai. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokolo o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe moolelo dala o ka waiu hua. I ka makahiki 2010, i ke aupuni i na 500 miliona na tona o keia huahana (ka huahelu ua ia me lakou i mea hoike, a mea,ʻaʻole he PAaIEN ana o ka makahiki no ia huahana). A me ka ia makahiki, economists hōʻike i ka hoole mai oia i 20 pakeneka. Kēia mea he laʻana o ka mea e like ai nā hoailona, a hiki kālailai i ka holoʻokoʻa-yeiiiie? I loko o ka waiū? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Malaila, hoʻomaka e maopopo i ke kumu alakai ia ia o ka pahi kulu.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokolo o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe e:

• Loa aupuni huahana (GNP).
• Ke loa aku la wahi lulu Product (GDP).

Hoʻokolo o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe. I ka manaʻo o ka GDP

Loa wahi lulu huahana - he ana o ka huina o ka makeke kumukuai o ka hope huahana loko o ke aupuni. He aha aʻole ia ke ano o? E laweʻoe i ke kaʻa? Iecaianoaaiiie me ka laʻana. Ka mea, he poe no na wahi he nui a me ka ekalesia. Huila, kiko'ī, ua hanaʻia ma kekahi mau nā hale hana. Inā mau huahelu e like iāʻoe māhele ma ke kuai, ka mea i komo pū i loko o ka GDP. Akā, inā e e haawi i kekahi hola, a ua i hoomakaukau iho la laua i ke kaʻa, laila o ia mau mea i loko o keia aka 'aʻole helu', like ma ka hope lilo ana o ka uku o machines waiho. Keia ua kapaia ka "hope huahana", oa ka kekahi e hele makaukau-i makeke. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i artificially overestimated mau nā hoailona no ka objectivity.

Oe ke loaʻa ia i kekahi mea e like me GDP no capita. He mea ole ia, aka, o ka huina o nā mea a pau hope loa ka waiwai i lawe i puunaueia ma ka helu o nā poʻe i noho i loko o ke aupuni. Akā, manaʻo kuhihewa manaoio i kahi huahelu nui i maikaʻi. Ka pono o ke ola me ka nānā 'ia e nā ana na manao ona. Ka nele i holo 'awelika, awelika ka uku a me ka hoomau i ka kumu o kumukūʻai no ke kumu o consumer hinai (he lākou o kupono huahana no ola).

Loa aupuni huahana (GNP)

Hoʻokolo o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe, e like me GNP huahelu loaʻa i ka nui o ka mea hope loa huahana nā domestically a me kahi e. No ka laʻana, ma aneea oneiaey o ka poe hana, kakau ma Rusia. Ua mau uku a pau kūloko auhau, i ka hoolimalima, akā, loaa mai keia hana ka mea i Lūkini auhau. Ke'ī mai, i ka hana? Iecaianoaaiiie kii lawe i ka mooolelo o ka GDP kii, akā, e i noonoo i ka GDP. He He nui manaʻo. Ke loa aupuni huahana mea ua ma luna o ka loa wahi lulu huina hoonui hua hoʻohui i ka nui o ka hope huahana mawaho o ka moku'āina.

Ma ka macroeconomic pilikia i loko o ke aupuni olelo nui i ka loa wahi lulu huahana (GDP) ma mua o loa aupuni huahana (GNP). E like me ka mea mua kuokoa hana, i ka nui o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o ke aupuni, a nolaila he ano waiwai a me ka pili aupuni aniau. Akā, GDP mea he ana o ka makahiki Bedroom.

Aia mea no hoi kekahi maoli 'ilikai, a me ka palena iki nui o oicyenoaaiiie hana. Ua mea nui i keia la no ko kakou aina. GDP, no ka laʻana, ana i loko o rubles, akā, i ka maoli huahelu hōʻike i ke kālā. Decipher i kēia manaʻo. I ka nui o ka GDP no ka makahiki, no ka laʻana, 1 miliona rubles. Ma dala, keia dala he 35 tausani. I kekahi makahiki, GDP mahuahua i 1.5 miliona rubles. Palena iki ulu - ma ka 50 pakeneka. Akā, no ka mea, o ka mea devaluation o ka aina kālā i loko o ka ulu ana dala hua'ōlelo - e 1 pakeneka - i 38 tausani dala .. Kēia mea he Kuhina Nui mamuli o ka aneiai nā hoailona o ka manipulation.