Ingenious Thomas More. "Utopia": hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Thomas More ola elima haneri makahiki aku nei. ʻepekema communism i kākauʻiaʻepekema utopian like me ka palupalu-kino, fantasizing kanaka. Anei keia he oiaio? Kona make no kā lākou hilinaʻi Thomas More maliuia mai, e like me na memoirs o ka Contemporary o Erasmus, makau ole, me ka ninau mai no ke aloha,ʻaʻole kukuli i kona poo. I ka 1535 pyatidesyatisemiletny mea kākau, humanist, poe akeakamai hoole i ka hoohiki, laulea a hiki i ke English ke alii, pela i koe ua malama pono wau i ka primacy o ka Pope. Kona manaoio i ole ae nolu ana. Malau akula hele i ka'āwai Thomas More, he punahele no ka pau o London, hoopau o Teretulo, ua mahaloia no ka maaleaʻole, kupa, honesty, hiki i ka pau ana i ke kipi ma kana olelo.

Mai ka peni o ka poe pono e like me kekahi kanaka (he humanist, akā,ʻaʻole hoʻokahuli aupuni!) Aia i kekahi kaʻao puke "Utopia." Tomas Mor kamaʻilio maila kona mau mō'ī a me nā haumana, o ka oi aku no keia ma ke kākau ia ma Roma i Awaits-noʻonoʻoloi, puke hea no humanistic? Aeiino? Oeoey o ke kaiāulu ma muli o ka nohona kaulike. 150 makahiki ma hope, "Utopia" Ua unuhi 'ia i loko o nā mea a pau Europa,' ōlelo.

Ka puke hoʻomaka me ka "alahaka" leo hone ma waena o ka oiaio a me ka fiction - i mea no ka Hawai i o ka puke, a ma Toma i hana More "Utopia". Kona maʻiʻo o ka moʻolelo o ka hele "o ka hihipeʻa o na aina." A maoli mōʻaukala huahelu - Petr Egidy mea kākau hoʻolauna iā 'he fictional pūʻulu Raphael Pukiki Gitpodeem, ÷ ino maoli hele Amerigo Vespucci. Ma ka waha o Raphael mea kākau e ukuhi i nā mea a pau i kou manaʻo ma ka maikaʻi hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ka aina o ka wā e hiki mai. Kūpono hoolilo aku hoi i ka manaʻo o ka hou nohona mea i loko o kona puke Thomas More - "Utopia". Hooko Summary ka mea, hiki ke wehewehe aku i ke ano o ka moku'āina o ka ike ole - ka mokupuni lilo aku i loko o ka moana Indian. Pili aupuni'ōnaehana Utopia - i ka Hui ke hoomaluia e ka Senate, a me ke kapikala Amaurot ka hui ana 54 he alii kulanakauhale. Ka pono, ma ka mea, hoʻopili like i ke Kristiano-humanistic kumu. Utopia He loa ideological ioeeiiaiey, alakaʻi ma ka rula o ke ku okoa ana o ka naau.

E noke i ka manaʻo o ka puke e like me ka hihio nä känaka 'epekema Thomas More kumu o ka wā e hiki mai aupuni o ka lehulehu i hānau i loko o ka papa kahi a ka feudal haku i hana no ka hookuli, a me ka nascent bourgeois'ōnaehana ua ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka moe, i kaʻano papa hana o ka "laau capitalism" i hoohana hoʻouna hou a me ka nui o na umi tausani o nā kauwa ma ka lihi o kaʻilihune. Ua ua like me ka Karistiano haumāna keakea ia ka hoʻoluhi hewa hana i kona puke Tomas Mor - "Utopia". Synopsis - kikoo moku'āina ma ka hoʻokae 'mea hiki ole i ka rula. E hana i kēia, Moore hoʻoholo i ka hao i kekahi kaiāulu kumu o ka like ole - papa. E like me ka poe akeakamai kahea na makaainana i ka pono kīvila a me ka nohona. I ka rula o ka moku'āina-hale o ka "piha maloko aelike." People makemake e hana no eono hola ma weekdays. Society i mālama a no laila, i ka mea hiki ke hookoe manawa eʻai i ke ola, e imi uhane ku okoa ana a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. Ma keia nohona maʻamau mea immaculate ola. He aha nō ka "iniiaiie nohona pa alima o Utopia"? Ua Ua hoakakaia ma ke kumu o ka awelika kākau moʻolelo Shop manufactory. Kela a me keia 40 kua'āina mau ohana i kulike ai me ke kumumanaʻo o ka pono i ka "ohana" (E kamaʻilio). "Family" ua hana kūikawā i loko o ka ua kalepa, a ua ae "hoʻololi" ma waena o kanaka ohana. Eia hou kekahi, kēlā utopiets hoʻomaʻamaʻa akā, i ko lakou maalea, mahiai a me ka pono makahiki i kekahi manawa, e komo i loko o kua'āina ka hana. Kanaka kua'äina hana o ka iniiaiie kahua o ka moku'āina pomaikai, ke i mai nei i loko o kona puke, Thomas More ( "Utopia"). Synopsis o ka puke pono outlines na contours o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke aupuni o ka lehulehu. A pau i ka mana i ke koho. 30 mau ohana e koho Phylarchus. Phylarchus 10 nō ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana protofilarha i ua wae nä känaka 'epekema. Protofilarhi hana hoʻokiwikā senates, koho Prince (Meia). Ka mea nui wale? Aneiai a mau nīnūnē e hana i ke kulanakauhale i ua ahakanaka la. Ma kēia mau halawai, i koho luna, a lohe lākou papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika hōʻike. Clergymen, nāʻelele protofilarhov, ke poʻo o ka moku'āina ua wae mai i waena o kānakaʻepekema.

Humanist hoomaopopoia i malū kuleana - mea ino. Ua manaoio iho i Thomas More ma kona waiwai loio i hana. He hana ole, i mau, a ma kekahi hihia hiki e hookolokoloia mai ai au ia mea, o ka ponoi ona o ka aina, e hooholo i ka manawa kūpono o ka genocide mahiʻai no ka mea, o na pomaikai o ka hipa ( "hipaʻai kanaka"). E hoʻopau ia i ka hewa, mea kākau o ka puke? Aaeaaaaony i na mea o ka i? Iecaianoaaiiuo e e nova e ke kaiāulu. Alaila, he ana o ka puunaue ana o ka aina waiwai i loko o ka hou ke kaiāulu kanaka, e ole i kekahi waiwai, a me ka hana hoolilo ohana artisan aina. E hiki anei mākou e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ka hua'ōlelo o nā loina o Socialist ke kaiāulu mua ma ka mōʻaukala i Thomas More ( "Utopia")? Summary o ka puke hōʻike i ia mea, heʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole hemolele, akā, forecasting illuminates, ao ke ano o ka hui ana o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke aupuni o ka lehulehu. Nui o na kumu "nedopridumano" i ka wā e hiki mai ana o socialism, i mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea, o ka puke i kākau elima haneri makahiki aku nei! No ka laʻana, i loko o ka malu o ka wā e hiki mai mea kokoke i ponoi ke ola o kanaka. Hele aku mai ia kulanakauhale aku ia kulanakauhale aku, pono e ukali ia e "kekahi kamaaina o ka pio, mai ka? Aaeno?" A me ka "kakau". Ua nana kekahi unconvincing e like.

? Akā, e ka noi aku ia makou iho: 'O Kela Me Keia i loko o oblivion (allegedly Bolsheviks) utopian manaʻo "Ma muli o ia mea, ke huli aku i ka makana: ka Swedes, no kekahi laʻana, manaoio i ko lakou aina - he Socialist. O ka holo ana, he mea e noho ana, a me ka waiwai, akā, i ka mea ia manawa Kuekene wahi o ka hoʻokumu o ka like kapikala bezdiskriminatsionnogo hana market, e ka lawelawe kaiāulu, piha hana. Akā, i kēia mau mea i loaʻa i loko o ka "Utopia" Mora!

Ua nane lā o ka Thomas More - he puke inoa. He aha subtext ua hoʻopā'āluaʻia i loko o ka moeuhane moku'āina inoa (literally - "ka aina i mea ole")? Ua hiki e ke OE kanaka, kona ola - ka manaoio a me ka aa ana? Loa paha, me ka inoa o ka puke hūnā i ka manaolana: "he mea ole ia aupuni, akā, ma luna o manawa e e!"

Eha haneri makahiki ma hope, i ka manaʻo o Mora waiwai i loko o Socialist ke alu likeʻano papa hana,? Aaei Kumu Chayanov kūmole ka Lūkini kua'āina Christian kaiaulu i. He ua kūkākūkāʻia e mahiʻai Free mahiʻai hou e pono ai i ka moku'āina ma mua o ka nui capitalist aina. Ma Rusia, laila, ua koho i kekahi koho ala - Stolypin nā mea hoʻololi. Eia naʻe, aia no he maoli, i nanaia manaʻo o kēia papahana. Ma ka huli ana o ka papa, a me nā kenekulia hope o Roma 'Amelika aina e, pili kēia i ke alu like' ana Chayanov hoala hou i ko lakou mahiai ana i ke ao nei hae.