Ka hae kükohu o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa

Na Koo Model - he kumumanaʻo i ho ke kālā no ka hōʻike o ka palapala kumu mea no ka hana o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Kēia kükohu wehewehe pehea mea ua hana mai o kona walaʻauʻana eiiiiiaiou, na koa o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ole ma waena o kona eiiiiiaiou.

Ke pā like o ka mea maʻamau kükohu

Ma kona 'ole, i ka mea haʻahaʻa (particles) (nucleons) o i ka loaʻa o ke nucleus, like hoʻi me kekahi kaumaha (particles) (hadrons) komo ana o ke ahiahi uuku Kuhina Nui (particles) kapaia apau.

i kēia mau iniiaiie oihana mua o ka mea e noʻonoʻo quarks. I ka loa a me ka oluolu, he pono ole quarks e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi keena (? U), a ma lalo (d). Proton oia no ka hui malu pu ana o quarks uud, a me ka neutron - udd. Kauoha? U-quark mea 2/3, oiai ka b-quark - io kauoha -1/3. Inā mākou e huli i ka huina o ka quark 'āhewa' ana, ka 'āhewa' ana o ka proton i loaa pololei like i 1 a me 0. a me neutron kēia paipai i ka maʻamau kükohu ua pāpā ikaika ponoʻole wehewehe i ka aku o ka lanakila.

Aia i kekahi mau hui o nā quarks, a e mai oi mea lahaʻole (particles). Ke'ī mai, i ka lua o ka mau hoolilo enchanted (s) a me ka ōlaʻi (s) quark, a me ke kolu o mau - oiaio (Halau) a me ka nani (b).

Kokoke a pau o na (particles) e i hiki ke kilokilo i ka hae kükohu, ua weheia ma ka experimentation.

Kaawale mai quarks like "hale ālai '" i ka ai-kapaia leptons. Ka mea, i kuahene ekolu hui o (particles): ka huina'ine mai ka huina'ine neutrino, muon neutrino muon, Tau lepton Tau lepton-neutrino.

Quarks a me leptons, e like me kānakaʻepekema, i ka papa kuhikuhiE hale mea ma luna o ke kumu o ka a i hana i ka laekahi 'ho o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ka mea, pāʻani aku Via huna-nā moku halihali mokulele i ke hoʻouna i ka mana lāʻau ikiʻai wale. Aia i eha ka papa kuhikuhi ano o ia AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN:

- ikaika, ai quark hoopaa iho la o loko o ka (particles);

- electromagnetic a;

- nawaliwali, a hiki aku i ka ano o ka palaho;

- umekaumaha.

Ikaika 'ia nā pōpō AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN hoololiia (particles) kapa gluons mea i ole nuipa a me ka pila nui kauoha. Quantum chromodynamics ua këia i kēia 'ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN.

Ka electromagnetic a AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ia lŘlŘ ma ka wehe aʻe o ka nuipa a hoonele ia photons - quanta o electromagnetic a pāhawewe.

Ka nawaliwali AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN mea ku pono i ka papakaukau maʻi lele bosons, i mea aneane 90 mau manawa hou protons.

Gravitational AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN i nā palapala gravitons a i ole nuipa a. Eia naʻe, experimentally huai ae mau (particles) i ole i pomaikai ae la lakou.

Maʻamau kükohu E hoomanao i ka mea muaʻekoluʻano o AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o nāʻano hoikeana ekolu o ka hookahi ano. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kiʻekiʻe ana wela ikaika, a hana ma ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, maoli fused pu, no laila, i ka mea, i laila, hiki keʻike. Mua, e like me kānakaʻepekema i loaʻa, hui pu iho la i ka nāwaliwali nukelea ikaika a me ka hawewe electromagnetic. E like me ka hopena, ka mea hana i ka electroweak AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN, a mākou ke mālama i loko o kēia keʻena hoʻokolohua ma ka haʻahaʻa huna accelerators.

Ke ao holoʻokoʻa kumumanaʻo hākālia nō ia i ka wā o kona kumu, i loko o nā milliseconds mua ma hope o ka Big Ekahi, ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o electromagnetic a me ka nukelea koa ua kahi e. Ka mea, ua hoemi wale nō ma hope o kaʻawelike o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka 10 14K, ua hiki ke Wāwahi mai, a lawe i ka laekahi Look eha ke ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. Ma ka manawa, i ka mahana ua ma luna o keia hoailona, hana wale kumu ikaika o ka umekaumaha, ikaika a me ka electroweak hana kūleʻa.

Electroweak AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN hui me ka ikaika nukelea ma ka wela o ma kahi o 10 27 K, i mea unattainable i loko o kēia keʻena hoʻokolohua. Akā, i kēia mau ikaika a mea e nele i ke ke ao holoʻokoʻa ia iho, no laila, uuku e hōʻoia 'ole höʻoia' i kēia kumumanaʻo o ia mea,ʻaʻole i hiki. Akā, ke kumumanaʻo e hōʻike ana i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā hana kūleʻa e leie aku mākou, e haawi aku i kekahi wānana e pili ana i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia ma lalo ikehu pae. A me kēia mau Time] e e hookupaa iho la ia experimentally.

Ke'ī mai, ka mea maʻamau kükohu e kaumaha ana i ka pähola ' ana o ka' ole o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, mea ua haku o leptons a me quarks, a ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hana kūleʻa ma waena o kēia mau (particles) ma Kiure hoʻokahi theories. Model aka mea kāpili no ka mea, 'aʻole helu' i ka gravitational AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. Me ka hou 'ana o ka' epekema ka ike a me ka 'ike loea, keia kükohu hiki ke inā a me ke kino, akā, ma ka manawa - e' o ka maikaʻi o ka mea i hiki ke kūkulu i nā kānakaʻepekema.