Ka Iudaio poe akeakamai Martin Buber: Kawaihae, ke ola, a me kaʻike hoʻokumu hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Martin Buber - ka Iudaio humanist nui a me ka poe akeakamai, e like me ka pono-ike lehulehu a me ka hoʻomana huahelu. Kēia kanaka me ke henua, e ka mea paʻakikī. Kekahi noiʻi manao ia he theorist, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o Zionism. 'Ē aʻe kapa existential kālaiʻike o ka nui mua. Owai ua nae Martin (Mordechai) Buber? Kona Kawaihae, a me ka papa hana e e hoʻolaʻa i ka 'atikala.

Poe akeakamai ola ana i ka lōʻihi, akā, ilihune mawaho ola hanana. Akā, aka hoi, oia ua i ke kumuhana o na mea he nui biographical na hana a me nā haʻawina. Buber ka inoa ka honua kaulana. He Ua hana ia ma kekahi mau kihapai o ka moʻomeheu. Pili ole wale i ke akeakamai o kanaka ola, akā, i ka hoʻonaʻauao, no, sociology, kālai'āina, ka hoʻomana (pakahi aku la ia Mea Paipala Haʻawina). Kana hana ma Hasidism unuhi 'ia i loko o nā' ōlelo a pau. Akā, i ka Lūkini mea heluhelu mea loaʻa mea,ʻaʻole no ka nui loa o ka hana o ka poe akeakamai. akā, ka mea i hoolilo i ka "Iudaio nō", "Iudaio hou" a me ka helu o nā 'atikala. I ka seventies a me ka mea, i aku i ka kūikawā kālā. Ua paʻi Buber ka hana a me ka lolouila iwaena e holumua ai Soviet kanaka ma ka samizdat.

Kawaihae Martina Bubera. Kamalii mai a me ka wa opiopio,

Mordechai Ua hanau (Martin) Buber ma Vienna ma Pepeluali 8, 1878 ma ka 'ano maikai Iudaio ohana. Ke keiki i ole i ekolu makahiki, me kona mau mākua hemo. Ka makua i kana keiki i Lemberg (keia la Lviv, Ukraine), ka mea i laila kekahi hapa o ka Austro-Hunakalia aupuni a pau. Kēia kūlanakauhale o ka hale i na kupuna ma kaʻaoʻao o Martin ka makua kāne - Solomona, a Adele. Shlomo Buber (make ihola ia i ka 1906) ua he waiwai moni. Akā,ʻo ua kaulana ma Lviv ua ole ia, a me ka mea i kekahi,''he keiki akamai i loko o ka kuhia kikokikona midrash. A nolaila, i ka mana nui i loko o ka Hasidic kaiāulu i loko o Lviv. Kupuna kāne a me nā keiki ka haʻaheo lāhui i ke aloha o ka 'ōlelo Hebera. He literally wehe kona puka i loko o ka naʻau o ka mea kupaianaha, a pohihihi honua o ka Hasidism - haipule neʻeʻana i waho ma ka hapalua like-umikumamawalu kenekulia i waena o nā Iudaio a Hawaiian Eulopa. Kupuna wahine heluhelu keiki excerpts mai ka Kabbalah, a me kona kupunakane ao mai la oia ia olelo Hebera, ka haʻaheo i ka aloha o ka moʻokalaleo a me ka hoomana.

Hasidism a me ke akeakamai o keʻano o Martin Buber

Ma Lviv wā e hiki mai poe akeakamai aʻo e pili ana i ka "haipule" Iudaio. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a Hasidism, Yisroel Baʻala Sema Tov, manaoio aku la ia mea i mea manaoio oiaio i na aʻo o ka Talmud, a ma ka IeIIeYOA i ke Akua me ko kakou naau a pau,ʻuhane ecstatic mystical auoiaea o disembodied wela a me ka oiaio pule. He haipule akaku hana ponoʻano o ia me ka Mea nana i hana o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. No laila, i ka Hasidim e neʻe aku mai mawaho restrictive kapu pāpā o ka Iudaio. Ka poe i mau hōʻike ana me ke Akua, tsadiks i ka hiki i ka wanana a me ka clairvoyance. kōkua kēia mau haipule kanaka a me nā Hasidim pepeiao ke ola a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka hewa. Kēia a pau pohihihi a me ka mystical honua o ka lahui i alakaʻi ai i ka uʻi Martin Buber. I kona puke, "kaʻu ala e Hasidism" ana e olelo mai ia ma kekahi koke ihola i ka pā like o nā mea a pau kanaka hoomana ana. Kēia kamaʻilio,ʻano o ia me ke Akua, i ka pilina ma waena o au me oe.

Education. adolescent makahiki

Kupuna kāne moni iʻoiaʻiʻo i kana moopuna ia ua he maikaʻi loa hoʻonaʻauao. Ma umikumamawalu, Martin Buber hui i ke ao ana o ke Kulanui o Vienna. Ma hope o ua noho, ae hoomau ana i kona hoʻonaʻauao ma kiʻekiʻe kula ma Zurich, a Leipzig. Ma ke Kulanui o Pelelina kona mau kumu, he Dilthey a me Georg Simmel. I ka iwakālua o ka makahiki, i ke kanaka'ōpiopio nei i hoihoi i loko o Zionism. He ua a hiki i ka elele a hiki i ka Apana Ahaolelo Lahui o na Iudaio neʻeʻana. I heʻumikumamāiwa haneri a me ka mua makahiki i mālama ai i ka Zionist hoʻoponopono o ka pule "De Welt". A hiki i ka aoao Wāwahi, Buber, e noho ana i ia manawa ma Pelelina, hoʻokumu i kona iho hoʻopuka puke hale i kapaʻia "Yudisher Verlag". Ua hookuu i ka Iudaio puke i loko o Kelemānia. Mai Mai e i keiki hoihoi i loko o Hasidism helu. He unuhi i loko o Kelemānia i ka moʻo o nā moʻolelo a me nā nane o Rabi Nachman o Bratslav. Hope hana laa Hasidism "Goga a me Magoga" (1941), "ka malamalama o ka huna" (1943), a "Pardes aa hasidut". Buber uku he wahi lihi iki o ka noonoo ana a me ka pilina hana.

Zionism a me ka socialism

I ka 1916, Martin Buber lilo i ka hoʻoponopono ma luna o ka malama "der me Iuda". Kēia puke Ua lilo ka waha'ōlelo o ka Iudaio, ka uhane hou. He hoʻokumu i ka National Iudaio Komite, a ma ka hoʻomaka o ka First World poe i ka pono o ka hikina mai Europa Yishuv. A eia ka mea hope, i ka 1920, o ka poe akeakamai ua kālaiʻia i kona pōʻai kūlana. He kukalaia ia i loko o Palaka Zionist Ahaolelo Lahui. Kēia kūlana mea like i loko kani i ka papa no ka socialism. Me ka pili ana i ka aina nīnau, Buber hai aku "ka maluhia a me ka launa hoahanau me ka ¶ʻO'Araba kanaka," hoolale nā nationalities coexist pu "ma o ka hou, he pono ole'āina." Position I -ʻoe, heʻano o kahi kēlāʻaoʻao e lohe ai, a maopopo i ka "oiaio" o ka mea'ē aʻe, i hana i ke kumu o ka akeakamai o ka thinker.

World War II a me ka hope makahiki

I ka wā ma waena o nā kaua elua, Buber hana ma ke Kulanui o Frankfurt. He malama no me ke Kumu i loko o ka 'Oihana o nā mea pono a me ka kālaiʻike o Iudaio. A hiki i ka mana i loko o ke kanakolu-kolu o ka la i ka National Socialists, i ka poe akeakamai i nalowale i kona 'oihana. Soon, la oia i haʻakoiʻia e holo mai Kelemania, a hiki i Kuikilana. Akā, ma hope oia emigrated i, a mai ia aupuni e noho'ākilikai i loko o ka Apana World War. Martin Buber, i nā kaha puana'ī ka maluhia coexistence ma waena o nā Iudaio a me ka Palestinians, auwe, he "i ka leo e kala ana ma ka wao nahele", neʻe i Ierusalema. Ma keia kulanakauhale hoano a me ka poe akeakamai, ua noho iho la mai ka 1938 a hiki i 1965. He make lune 13 ma ka makahiki o kanawalu-ehiku. I loko o kaʻIseraʻela, Buber hana me ke Kumu i ka Oihana o sociology ma ke Kulanui o Ierusalema. I ke kakahiaka nui sixties, oia ka loaa ana i ka honorary inoa o ka Peresidena mua o ka Israel Academy o Sciences.

Anthropological kokoke i ke akeakamai o Martin Buber

Ia nō i ka haumāna, poe akeakamai vividly komo i loko o ka Nietzschean wa kamalii o kēia hui kūkā. Ke ao ana o ka alihi kaua, a me ka poe nui, "wahi kanaka" ua unacceptable ia ia. Naʻe, i kona manaʻo e Nietzsche ho'āʻo e kau ma ke alo o ka pilikia o ka mea kū hoʻokahi kanaka ola ana i loko o ka honua, kahi "ke Akua i ole ai ia e kanaka ma kona alo." Naʻe, ka mea e hōʻike 'ia ma ke kumu o ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia kanaka, manao iho la Martin Buber. "Ka pilikia ana o ke kanaka" - Ua kuhikuhi ka hana polemical i loko i kekahi nä känaka 'epekema criticizes Nietzsche postulates. "O ke kauoha e ka mana," hiki ole, ma kona manao, malama like me ka pili ana nō malamalama no personalities ikaika a me ka paa ole uhane. Kēia kokoke loa i kahi e wale e alakai i oi aku dictatorship. I Nietzsche ka hui kūkāʻana, e like me ma lalo o ka aoao o Dilthey a me Ziemer, me kona mau kumu, ma Buber kaʻoihana kaua i kona manaʻo iho o ka anthropology.

Martin Buber, "E a me I": hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Keia hana, o ka papa, hiki ke kapaia ka papa kuhikuhiE philosophical hana o ka thinker. Buber Ua hookomo ma kekahi mau unahi pili "I - It" a me ka "I - E". Wale nō i loko o ka hope hihia, ke hikiʻano o, interpersonal kamailio ola. A i kekahi kanaka pili ia i kekahi mea a me kekahi e like me ka "mea" huli he utilitarian ana. Akā, he kanaka - ia Aloha ole i ka mea a me ka pahu hopu. Pili i kekahi like me "oe" i hāʻawi mai i ka hou aku i komo i loko o keʻano o ka uhane, waiwai ano. Bronis³aw Malinowski hoʻolaunaʻia "ka mana" Philosophical huli. Kēia mea he Polynesian hua'ōlelo pololei Hōʻike 'o ka manao doreligioznogo naauao, e manao anaʻike makaʻole mana e hāpai kekahi kanaka, he holoholona, he laau, a hiki i ka kŰia o ke kumuhana. E like me ia Buber, i kēia mau 'ano mau o nā Pilina haawi ala i kue manaÿo o ko ke ao nei. O na papa, ke kanaka loaa ka mea paakiki e noho mau i loko o ka moku'āina o ka "I - E". Akā, i ka mea e mau ana kēia i ka waho ao nei e like me ka "mea" haalele i kona uhane.

haipule

Kekahi kahua hana, ka mea i kākau Martin Buber - "Elua kiʻi o ka manaoio." Ma kēia puke, i ka poe akeakamai ke hoole i kona wā kamaliʻi i ka hoao ana o ke komoʻana i loko o ke ao nei o ka nani, he uuku ke kino o Hasidism. He Akä naÿe no nä kona Talmudic Iudaio. Ua mea i hiki ke maopopo ma waena o nā kumu o ke hoʻokokoke mai, e manaoio. Mua, pistis - he naauao "Greek" kokoke loa i kahi. Ma keia hoohalike, manaoio - ia i noonoo ike. Ua hiki ke kapa ike paha hoi "scientific kuhiakau". Oia ka manaoio "Pistis" ia kaua ke pale "emunah". Ua Ua nānā 'ana i hilinai, ke aloha ola, e pili ana i ke Akua, e like me "oe." Buber ko läkou 'pehea kakahiaka Kristiano ke kiʻekiʻe o haalele mai ka Mea Paipala uhane pili me ka naau, ano-pokole o ka Makua lani, i ka Ekalesia dogma me kona make' ia paha UAAIIeIIeX.

mysticism

Ma ke kulanui o Zurich a me Vienna, Martin Buber, nona ka kālaiʻike Ua oi kaʻauiʻana o existentialism, psychoanalysis lohe papa. He mea hoihoi i loko o ke kanaka, i loko o nā mea a pau kona, ao ke ano. Manaʻo mysticism nä känaka 'epekema ike ole me ka noʻonoʻo pathology. Ke kumuhana o kona doctoral ia hoʻi i ka hulina study o ke akeakamai o Meister Eckhart a me Yakoba Bome. Mau German mysticism lohi Middle Ages i he ole nui ma Buber. E like me ka haumāna a Dilthey, poe akeakamai ho'āʻo e hele a maʻa i ka hoomana hana o ka hoʻowahāwahāʻia Dominican Eckhart. No ka mea noho malihini ai a pau o ka mihi a me ka hoʻokēʻai ai, a pau i ka hooko aku orthodoxy, ia mea no i waiwai ina kekahi, aole ia e imi noho pu ana me ke Akua. Boehme kekahi koi ana i na kauoha pono e loko o ia e palapala ma luna o nā papa o ka naau, aʻaʻole e mawaho me dogmas.

«Chassidic kaao»

Nani au i loko o Iudaio - ia mea he kuko, i a i ka pau ana o ke ola gravitated Martin Buber. ua ua unuhi Books o Hassidism i kēia mea kākau i loko o nā 'ōlelo a pau. Ma ia, oia UOAN e hoike manaoio meʻano o me ke Akua, e like me ka paulele ola i loko o ka nana i hana. Ka hana hope i ka "Chassidic mooolelo." Ke Lūkini 'ōlelo i ua unuhi wale i ka mua o kona buke. Ma kēia puke, Buber Hasidism i hou kiʻi - ka palapala, ai 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke. Ke Akua, ua hoikeia mai ma ka moʻo o ka wiwo ole e hai aku i ka moʻolelo. Wale ma keia aoao, e like me Martin Buber, i ka manawa kūpono o ka kukulu ana i naʻano alahaka ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka "sacrum", ma waena o "I" a me "oe." Ua kokoke i ua nema aku e Geresoma Scholem, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka kālaiʻike study o ka mystical neʻeʻana i loko o Iudaio. He manaoio aku i Buber AOON ka philosophical hoʻoilina o Hasidism.