Ka mea a Poincare theorem i hoao

Anri Puankare - kekahi o ka loa kaulana Palaniʻepekema o nā mea a pau manawa. I loko nō o kona ola,ʻo ia e hoʻokele i loaʻa ai i ka hailona. Eia hou,ʻo ia i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka discoveries i loko o kekahi mau kihapai o ka ike, ao aku la no hoi oia ma ka Sorbonne, a ua he lâlâ o ka Palani Academy o Sciences, a mai ka 1906 a hiki i kona make ana i ka makahiki 1912 ka mea, ua kona pelekikena no na makahiki. I keia la o ka honua kaulana loa no kona e piʻi like ua manaoia e ia i ka Poincare theorem, a i hoao e Grigori Perelman.

hoao mai ana e hoao

He nui nā kānakaʻepekema no na makahiki hana i loko o ke ao o ka theorem, akā, ua holomua wale i kekahi mau kanaka. Kekahi o ka mea nui Hopu i Amelika haumāna Kakina. Ke pā like o kana hana moe i loko o ka mea ana ka mea, ua hiki ia visually kahaki i ke 'ano o nā kumu o ka ekolu-dimensional pelane. Jobs Ua kapaia ka inoa o Kakina geometrization conjecture, akā, no ka ia, ka mea, ua hookoia i ka mahinaʻai kâlâ keʻokeʻo.

A mau Pākēʻepekema, ua i pili i ka mea i ka Poincare theorem i hoao. I waena o lākou ke kū mai Main Tung Yau, ka mea a hiki i ka māmala'ōlelo no ka ponoʻo ia i kona mau haumāna, a e hoʻokele i ka hana ia.

Perelman ka hana

Grigoriy Perelman hoao i ka Poincare theorem ma hope o na makahiki o ka hana i ka hana ma luna o laila. He hoʻomaka i kona haʻawina, oiai ma Amerika, kahi no ka lōʻihi manawa haʻi'ōlelo ma kekahi mau kulanui. Ma hope o kona mua halawai ana me ka haumāna Amelika Hamilton, ka mea i kokua ia ia, e möakäka hou kekahi, ao ke ano o ka kui kumumanaʻo, ʻo ia manaʻo e pili ana i ka hooiaio ana o ka theorem. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua hoʻoholo e hoʻi i kona mau kanaka St. Petersburg, kahi āna pono kau i ka hana.

I ka 2002, Perelman like ka mua hapa o kana hana, a hoouna aku la ia i ke kope o Main Yau'ūpā ahi, no laila, e hiki ia ia ke haawi mai ia ia i Pahuhopu helu. Oia laila, ka 'epekema ao nei, ka mea iʻike i ka Poincare theorem. I loko o kekahi mau mahina, Perelman Ua paʻiʻia mau 'atikala ma i kana hana i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka loa concise palapala.

Ma ka me kēia ao nei i ai mua oe e ka oihana hoakaka e pili ana i ka puka ana, ka mea e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka helu ana o kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema, a me ka wale laila, i ka hana hiki e kauoha aku paʻi. Ma mua o ka hoike i paʻiʻia, Perelman Poincare theorem i na hoopai ana i ka nānā 'ana i na manawa, a me keia hana ua huikau ma ka mea i ka mea hoʻohana i ka nui helu oʻoki a me ua wahi'ōlelo ho'ākāka aku no ia i ka hana nui. Aka hoi, ma hope o ka manawa, ka mea i ike Perelman ua hiki ia ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia, a kaua aku la ma na hanauna he nui o nā kānakaʻepekema i.

mahinaʻai kâlâ keʻokeʻo

Keia ia nā kumu kāki ua haawi wale i kekahi manawa, i na makahiki eha, aole oi aku mamua o ehaʻepekema, ka poe i hana i ka nui na makana no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o makemakika. Ua Ua hookoia Perelman i ka makahiki 2006 no ka hooiaio ana i ka Poincare conjecture, akā, oddly lawa, haawi mai la oia i ka 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki, a ua' ike 'ia ma ka hōʻike. E like me ka mea nä känaka 'epekema, no ka mea, mea,ʻaʻole nui mahaloia, oia ua lawe makemake e loaʻa i ka mea i ke kuhiakau ua hoao.

Poincaré i ka mea pohihihi i na mea he nuiʻepekema, akā, ia mea he eccentric Lūkini mathematician ua hiki ia e kona hoʻoholo, a no ka imi pane i ka nīnau i hoohihiaia he lōʻihi manawa i ka pau 'epekema honua.