Ka mua a me ka lua o ka kānāwai o Faraday

Ke electrolyte mau mai i kekahi dala o ka Ion me na hoailona "eia" a me ka "hua", i hoomakaukauia ma ka reacting na nā lātoma o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe waiwai a me ka'ūheheʻe. I ka mea ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka uila ke kahua, Ion olalo e neʻe i na nā uila aʻa lolo, ka mea maikaʻi ka naku i ka cathode, io - a hiki i ka anode. Ma hope o hiki i na nā uila aʻa lolo, na Ion haawi ia kā lākou mauʻoihana e hoʻoleʻa aku i hoohuliia mai i loko o'ākilikai nā'ātoma a e waiho ma luna o nā nā uila aʻa lolo. Ka nui kupono Ion i na nā uila aʻa lolo, ka mea i oi aku, e eʻula a no na waiwai.

'O kēia ka hopena, ua hiki ke hele mai, a empirically. Maalo ae la oia i kekahi pono ma ka koʻana koko pāʻoihana o ke keleawe sulufahate , a e mālama i ke kala o ke keleawe ma kalapona cathode. Mākou i loaʻa i ka mea, ua mua uhiia me ka papa o ke keleawe māhunehune kekahi ', alaila, like, e hoʻonui i kaʻikena bandwidth ia, a ma ka hooloihi ae i e hooholo ia o kaʻikena mea i loaʻa ma ke kalapona'ūholo uila nui mānoanoa ahu iho la ka keleawe, i mea mama i ka solder, no kekahi laʻana, keleawe uea.

Ke kŰia o ka hoʻokaʻawale mea ma luna o nā nā uila aʻa lolo ana he hala ma ka electrolyte ua kapaia electrolysis.

Hele ma nāʻokoʻa electrolysis paialewa a akahele ana i ka nui o ka waiwai a kuu ma na nā uila aʻa lolo o kela a me keia o ka electrolyte, ke English physicist Faraday i ka 1833 - 1834 makahiki. Au e hamama ana elua Law no electrolysis.

i ka pilina ma waena o ka nui o ka waiwai a hookuuia ma ka electrolysis a me ke kauoha waiwai e ua hala ma ka electrolyte Ka mua Faraday ka kānāwai e hoʻokau.

ua ua kālaiʻia kēia kānāwai like penei: nuipa o ka waiwai i ia anao? aou i ka electrolysis, ma kēlā me kēia'ūholo uila mea pololei hapaʻauhau i ka nui o ka uku ole i i hala ma ka electrolyte:

ka m = kq,

kahi ka m - nuipa o ka mea i i kaʻawale, Q - kauoha.

Ka waiwai ke k - elektrohimicheskimy like paha ka waiwai. He typical no kēlā me kēia waiwai a kuu i ka electrolyte.

Inā e lawe i ka haʻilula Q = 1 lei'ā'ī, laila, ke Kalapu = m, oa electrochemical like paha o ka waiwai, e ia heluna hapauuku like me ke kaumaha o ka waiwai i koho mai o ka electrolyte ma ka hele ana i ka 'āhewa' ana i loko o hoʻokahi lei'ā'ī.

Ka haʻiʻana i loko o haʻilula ma nā kauoha he au a me ka manawa t, ua loaa:

ka m = kini puʻe wale.

Ke kānāwai mua o Faraday kulana kupono ma luna o ka pilikia ka haumāna ma penei. Maalo ae la oia i kekahi pono ma ka electrolytes A, B a me C. Inā ka mea, e'ālike, alaila, i ka hū o ka i koho waiwai i loko o ka A, B a me C, e e hana like me nā paialewa aʻu, I1, I2. I ka helu o ka waiwai i koho ma ka A, ua like me ka huina o nā puke anao? Aou e B a me C, mai ka he I = I1 + I2.

Ka lua o ka Faraday ka kānāwai e hoʻokau i ka kaukaʻi o ka electrochemical like paha o'ātoma ke kaupaona ana, a valence waiwai, a ua kālaiʻia like penei: electrochemical like paha o ka waiwai, e e hapaʻauhau iā lākou'ātoma ke kaupaonaʻana, a me ka inversely hapaʻauhau i kona valency.

Ka lākiō o ka'ātoma kaumaha o ka waiwai i kona valence i kapaia o Nine Inch like paha ka waiwai. Komo i kēia nui, i ka lua o ka Faraday ka kānāwai hiki e ua kālaiʻia okoa: ka electrochemical like paha o ka waiwai i hapaʻauhau iā lākou iho Nine Inch hoʻokoe.

E Electrochemical hoʻokoe o kekahi mau waiwai e niioaaonoaaiii k1 a me k2, k3, ..., kn, Nine Inch ua hoʻokoe o ka ia waiwai x1 a me ka X2, x23, ..., xn, laila k1 / k2 = x1 / X2, a me k1 / x1 = k2 / X2 = k3 / x3 = ... = kn / xn.

Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka lākiō o ka electrochemical like paha o ka waiwai i ka nui o ka ia waiwai mea he ikaika no nā waiwai nei ke ao hookahi cia:

ke k / m = c.

Ua penei i ka lākiō o ke k / m mea ikaika no nā waiwai:

ke k / m = c. = 0, 01036 (meq) / ho.

Ka waiwai i ka 'ai i ko lākou nui, milligram hoʻokoe' ona ma luna o nā nā uila aʻa lolo ua hookuu i ka hooholo ma ka electrolyte o ka uila kauoha, e like me 1 coulomb. Ka lua o ka kānāwai o Faraday poe ma ka haʻilula:

ke k = cx.

Hookomoia keia olelo no ke k i loko o ke kānāwai mua o Faraday, ke mau hiki ke hui i loko o ka hoʻokahiʻana:

ka m = kq = cxq = cxIt,

kahi e - ao a eia i o 0 00001036 (eq) / ho.

Kēia haʻilula hōʻike ia ma ka hele i ka hookahi kala pono i ka mea ia wā o ka manawa i loko o nāʻokoʻa electrolyte, ua hookaawale mai nā ka nui o ka waiwai electrolytes e pili ana me Nine Inch hoʻokoe ona.

No ka m = A / n, laila mākou e kākau:

ka m = HI / nIt,

a laila, i ka nui o ka waiwai a pau i koho ma na nā uila aʻa lolo iloko o ka electrolysis e e pololei hapaʻauhau i kona 'ātoma ke kaupaonaʻana, he, manawa, a inversely hapaʻauhau i ka valency.

Ka lua o ka kānāwai o Faraday e electrolysis, e like me ka mea mua, ma hope 'ana mai i ka ano o ka ion pono i loko o ka pāʻoihana.

hoʻokani Faraday ka kānāwai, Lenz, e like me na mea he nui koʻikoʻi 'ē aʻe physicists he kūlana nunui i loko o ka moʻolelo a me ka hoʻomohala o ke kālaikūlohea.