Pōkole Kawaihae Tsiolkovskogo Konstantina Eduardovicha. Na makana i ka 'epekema, buke, hoihoi' kūʻiʻo

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, nona discoveries ua i kaʻiʻo na makana no ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema a me Kawaihae mea o ka hoihoi ole wale ma ka olelo o kona piʻi like - he nä känaka' epekema nui, he Soviet haumāna o ka honua kaulana, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a me ka mea hoʻopaipai o ka lewaʻimi loa i ka lewa la,ʻimi loa i ka lewa. Ua Ua kapaʻiaʻo ia me ka mea haku polokalamu o ke Kao lele lako kaua kükohu, hiki i ka lanakila ma ka lewa.

ʻO wai lā ka mea ia - Ziolkowski?

Pōkole Kawaihae o Tsiolkovsky mea he Kuhina Nui mamuli o kona hoolaa ana, a perseverance i loko naʻe o ka pilikia ola ana.

I ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema Ua hānauʻia ma September 17th 1857 kokoke Ryazan, ma ke kauhale o Izhevsk.
Makua, Edward Ignatievich, hana like me ka ululāʻau, a me koʻu makuwahine - Maria Ivanovna, i hele mai, mai ka ohana haʻahaʻa kauwa, alakai aku ka hale. Ekolu makahiki ma hope o ka hanau ana o ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema i kona' ohana no ka pilikia i ka hana ma o kona makua kāne pilikia neʻe i Ryazan. Ka loiloi mua aʻo Constantine a me kona poʻe hoahānau (heluhelu, kākau, a me ka makemakika hoʻokumu paʻaʻana i) hoʻoili makuwahine.

Kaikaina makahiki Tsiolkovsky

I ka makahiki 1868, hoʻoneʻe i ka 'ohana a hiki i Vyatka, kahi Constantine, a me kona kaikaina lilo haumana o Ignatius gymnasium. Aʻo Ua haawiia mai i ka hana, i ke kumu nui no keia i ka mea pepeiao kuli - heʻilihune o kaʻulaʻula ke kuni, a me nā keiki, waiho wale aku i loko o ka makahiki o 9. I ka makahiki hookahi nei, ua he lilo nui i ka Ziolkowskiʻohana: make i aloha kaikuaʻana Constantine - Dmitry. A makahiki ma hope, nā mea a pau o ka ulia, aʻaʻole e makuwahine. Family pōʻino i ka hopena maikaʻi ma luna o kā lākou mau haʻawina, hoomaka dramatically Nalohia'ē aʻe e holomua i kona pepeiao kuli, increasingly kaʻawale mai kaiāulu wā'ōpiopio mai. I ka makahiki 1873 Tsiolkovsky Ua kipaku mai ke kula. Ka oi ka mea, ua ike ole loa aoia, hoopakela aku lākou hoʻonaʻauao aʻoʻia, no ka mea, buke generously haawi mai la o ka ike, a aole kekahi mea hoopiiia. I keia manawa, ke kanaka i hoihoi iao? Iiaie oaoieeiʻike hoʻokumu, e kūkulu ma ka hale lathe.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky: Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi

I 16 makahiki o kona mau makahiki me ka mehana makuakane Konstantin lima, e manaoio ma na nā mea hiki o kāna keiki,ʻo ia hoʻoneʻe i Moscow, kahi ana i unsuccessfully ho'āʻo e komo i ke Kula o ka hana 'enekinia. Ke ole i i uhai i ke kanaka opiopio, a me ka ia i hoʻohala ai i ka makahikiʻekolu, kū kaʻawale aʻo i nā sciences o kilohōkū, mechanics, kemika, makemakika, pü me'ē aʻe ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo kōkua.

Young kanaka i kela lā Chertkovsky kipa he lehulehu waihona; ka mea, ua loaʻa i ka mea, lilo ike me Fedorov Nikolai Fedorovich - kekahi o na Mamua o Lūkini cosmism. Ua auou caiaiai kēia kanaka kekahi e ke kanaka opiopio a pau na kumu a pau. Life i loko o ke kapikala no ka Tsiolkovsky uaʻaʻole he pipiʻi, he okoa na mea a pau i kona mau makauliʻi ia i lilo ma luna o nā puke a me nā mea paʻahana a, no laila, i ka 1876, ua hoi aku la i Vyatka, kahi hoomaka ae la oia e e aʻoʻia a me nā uku haʻawina i loko o ke kālaikūlohea a me ka makemakika. Ma ka hoi ana i ka hale mai Tsiolkovsky ma muli o ka hana, a me ka pilikia olelo nui ua hoʻemi hihiʻo, a me ka la ia e lei ana makaaniani.

Nā haumāna i hele mai i Tsiolkovsky, a i kukuluia wale me ke kiʻekiʻe kbps kumu hele loa oluolu. Kumu i loko o ka hana o nā haʻawina a hoʻohana i nā kiʻina hana? Ac? E ia ia, i waena o ka mea i he akaka h ÷ ike o ke kī. No ka mea aʻo anahonua Tsiolkovsky i e pepa Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka polyhedra me nā haumāna mālama 'ia ia mea i loko o ke kālaikūlohea. Tsiolkovsky pono nani o ke kumu wehewehe i ka mea maopopo, ho'āmana 'ōlelo: i kona mau haʻawina i mau mea hana hoihoi. I ka 1876, Ignatius make - ke kaikaina o Constantine, a ua he loa nui loa i ka mea nä känaka 'epekema.

Personal ola nä känaka 'epekema

I ka 1878 Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky me kona ohana hoʻololi i kona wahi o ka noho ana ma Ryazan. Aia,ʻo ia ana hala na me kŰia no ke kumu o ka palapala puka, a loaa i ka 'oihana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Borovsk kula. Ma ka kūloko Apana kula, ma naʻe o ka nui mamao mai ka papa kuhikuhiE ioauoa o ka 'epekema, Tsiolkovsky' Imi mālama 'noiʻi i loko o ke kula o aerodynamics. He waiho i nā kumu o ka kinetic kumumanaʻo o kinoea, hoʻouna ka Lūkini Physico-Nine Society loaʻaʻikepili, oia loaa he pane mai o ka Mendeleev i ka loaʻa i i ma ka hapaha o ke kenekulia aku nei.

Young nä känaka 'epekema loa walawala ai keia' ole; kona tālena i loko o ka mea i loko o St. Petersburg. Kekahi o ka mea noho ana i ka manao o Tsiolkovsky ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia, ua ka pähola 'ana o balloons. Ke nä känaka 'epekema Ua ulu kona mana iho o ka manao o ka mokulele, wehewehe aku ma ka lahilahi metala iwi. Ko lakou mau manao Tsiolkovsky ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i loko o ka hana 1885-1886 GG. "Ke kumumanaʻo a me ka hoao ana o ka hoʻonui."

I ka 1880 Tsiolkovsky mare i Sokolovoy Varvaroy Evgrafovnoy - ke kaikamahine a ka mea nana o ka lumi i loko o ka mea ana i noho ai no kekahi manawa. Tsiolkovsky keiki, mai keia mare ana: na mamo a Ignatius, John, Alexander a me ke kaikamahine a Sophia. Ma Ianuali 1881, i ka makua kāne o Constantine make.

Pōkole Kawaihae o Tsiolkovsky Shoes ia kekahi hanana weliweli i loko o kona ola ana, e like me ka ke ahi i ka makahiki 1887 i luku ai i na mea a pau: o ka modules, na Nails, ke loaa ka waiwai. He ola wale i ka Nails mīkini. Kēia hanana i ke kaumaha loa no ka Tsiolkovsky.

Life ma Kaluga: he manawa pōkole Kawaihae o Tsiolkovsky

I ka 1892 ua neʻeʻo ia i Kaluga. Aia ka mea, ua i hoʻonohonoho i ka hana me ka kumu a me ka makemakika anahonua, ia laua ka hana 'astronautics a me aeronautics, kukulu tunnel ma a laweia aku la oia ma ka mokulele. Ua mea i loko o ua palapala mai Kaluga Tsiolkovsky nui na hana ma ka lewa kālaimeaola, i ka kumumanaʻo o ka mokulele hēkī propulsion a me ka lapaau, ma ka laua mau i ka hana ma luna o ka pähola 'o ka mea hao dirigible. No kā lākou kālā Tsiolkovsky i hana ai ma kahi o na haneri keu 'okoʻa mokulele Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka a ho'āʻo iā lākou. ole iho dala no ka noiʻi Constantine ua lawa, no laila, noi aku la oia no ka kālā kōkua mai i ka Physico-Nine Society, i i ole manaoia pono e financially kākoʻo nä känaka 'epekema. E hahai i ka lono o ka holomua ho okolohua Tsiolkovsky nō paipai Physico-Nine Society, e hoolako ia 470 rubles hoolilo ia e kānakaʻepekema no ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka hoonui ae i aerodynamic tunnel.

E māhuahua noonoo ana i këia Konstantin Tsiolkovsky ka lewa. 1895 i koho ia e ka lehulehu ākea o ka puke Tsiolkovsky "Dreams o ka honua a me ka lewa", a me ka makahiki ma hope, hoomaka ae la oia i ka hana ma hou o ka puke, "Spaceʻimi loa i ka lewa ma ka mea o ka mokulele hēkī engine," a i hoʻomōhala rocket kiko'ī, halihali o ka ukana i ka makahiki a me nā 'ano o ka wahie.

Kaumaha iwakalua kenekulia

Hoʻoili i ka hou, iwakalua o ke kenekulia, ua no Constantine kaumaha: ka mau nō lā hoʻi o ka nui 'epekema noiʻi kālā ua ole anao? Aou, kana keiki Ignatius hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho i ka 1902, ma hope makahiki elima ma ka muliwai kaiakahinalii ana ke alahulaʻana i ka hale o ke nä känaka' epekema, Ua luku nui artifacts, hale, a hanana ho. Ua ua ku e Tsiolkovsky i kūkulu i nā kumu o ke ano. Ma ke ala, i ka 2001 o ka moku "Konstantin Tsiolkovsky," ua he ikaika ke ahi i luku ai i na mea a pau i loko o (like i ka makahiki 1887 i ka wa o ka nä känaka 'epekema puhi hale).

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Pōkole Kawaihae a Tsiolkovsky ho'ākāka 'ia ia, hoomaka ae la he uuku maʻalahi olaʻepekema me ka Hekikai o Soviet mana. Russian ke kaiāulu kanaka, ipo mirovedeniya hoomau i ua anao? Aou ia ia, aneane haawi starve. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka Socialist Academy i ole lawe i nä känaka 'epekema i kona poʻe kaua i ka 1919, pela e waiho aku la ia ia me ka hale. I Nowemapa 1919 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky i hopu, lawe i ka Lubyanka a hookuu ma hope o kekahi mau pule aie i ke noi ana o ka papa kiʻekiʻe aoao lālā. I ka 1923, ka mea i lilo kekahi keiki - Alexander, i ka manaʻoi hoʻoholo 'ia ma luna o lākou iho i ka make.

Hoʻomanaʻo o Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, ka Soviet Aupuni ma ka ia makahiki, ma hope o ka lehulehu ākea o G. Obert - German physicist - e pili ana i ka lewa Hotele a me ka rocket kiko'ī. I loko o kēia wā, ua loli dramatically nā kūlana o ka Soviet nä känaka 'epekema ola. Soviet alakaʻi unuhi ae la oia i ka noonoo ana o nā mea a pau i kona mau e piʻi like, ua hoomakaukau 'ano kūpono no ka hua nui haʻawina, hāʻawi i ka hoomau no ke ola.

He make Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, nona discoveries ua i he nui na makana i ka lewaʻimi loa i ka lewa haʻawina i loko o kona maoli Kaluga September 19, 1935 mai ka'ōpū Ka maʻi 'aʻai.

E piʻi like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

I ka papa kuhikuhiE e piʻi like ana Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky - i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka cosmonautics - a laa pu i kona ola a pau, e like penei:

• Hanaia'na o ka mea mua i loko o ka'āina aerodynamic keʻena hoʻokolohua a me ka makani tunnel.
• ? Ac? O epekema no këia i ka aerodynamic waiwai o ka mokulele.
• hana More o eha haneri ma luna o rocket kumumanaʻo.
• Hana ma luna o ka hoaponoia ana o ka manawa kūpono o ka huakaʻi i ka lewa.
• E pili ana i kou huakai kaapuni iho o ka mīkini peahi uila engine.
• Ka hōʻike o ka rigorous pähola 'o ka mokulele hēkī propulsion a me ka maopopo ana o ka pono o ka hoʻohana rockets no ka la i hele aku ai.
• Design e hoʻokele i ka hoʻonui.
• E pili ana i kekahi kükohu metala airship.
• Ka manaʻo o e hoʻomaka ana me ka rocket ramp ana hoʻohana i ka keia manawa i loko o ka mau Launch rocket nenoai.