Ka mua kanaka spacewalk lā, hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Ma March 1965 oia i holo "Voskhod-2" spacecraft. Ma mua o kekahi luina o astronauts PA Belyaev a me AA Leonov i He paʻakikī akā loa nui hana - e lawe mai i kekahi kanaka ka mua-ka wa pau ole pokole hele.

Ka pololei hoʻokō 'ana o ka hoʻokolohua, hina iho la ia Alekseya Leonova, a ma luna o Maraki 18, oia ana Makuakane me ia. Cosmonaut hele aku la i loko o ka lewa, aku, mai ka moku ma 5 mika a me ka mālama 'ia ma o aku o ka huina o 12 minuke, a 9 kekona.

Holo ana o ka "Voskhod" ua ole me kekahi wahi, i hiki a me ka hana hihia. ʻO paakiki e wehewehe i ka nui o ka noʻonoʻo 'a me ka physical ikaika i e pana aku au i na kanaka nāna i hoʻomākaukau i kēia Kiure hoʻokolohua - he kanaka spacewalk. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi a me ka uuku-ikeia lāliʻi o ka holo, a lilo ae la ia i ke kumu no ka hoʻomākaukau o keia Haawina.

manaʻo

Ka manaʻo i ke kanaka ka spacewalk mea hiki,ʻikeʻia ma ka Moiwahine i ka makahiki 1963. Akamaiʻana i koke keia ka hoao ana mea ole wale pono, akā, loa nō. He ua pololei. Ma mahope makahiki, astronautics hoʻomohala hikiwawe loa. No ka laʻana, ka malama ana i ka maʻamau hana o ka ISS ma nā mea a pau, ina ua hiki ole me ka mawahoʻaha kanaka a me ka hoʻoponopono hana, i hookahi manawa hou proves pehea e pono ai i ka mea mua kanaka spacewalk. 1964 i ka hoʻomaka o ka mua kūhelu aʻo no keia hoʻokolohua.

Akā, laila, i ka 1964, e hoʻomaopopo ia he kāʻeʻaʻeʻa papahana, ka mea, ua pono i ka seriously noonoo i ka manao o ka moku. E like me ka hopena, i ke kumu i lawe maikaʻi ho'āʻo "Voskhod-1". Kekahi o kona portholes auou caiaiai hopena pule'īpuka, e like me hoemi i ka helu o ka luina mai ekolu a hiki i elua. Ua ua he inflatable airlock a i aia mawaho o ka moku. Ma hope o ka pau ana o ka hoʻokolohua, ma mua pae, ka mea, ua nui loa kaawale mai ke kino. No laila, ua he spaceship "Voskhod-2".

Aia ua kekahi, oi hoʻoponopono pilikia. Like mea pepehi hoʻokolohua ka mea, ua pono i mua hana ma luna o na holoholona. Naʻe, haawi ia mai, e manao ana no ka hooulu ana i kūikawā hoopii no ka holoholona o - ia hoi pōpilikia a me ke kumu. A he, aole oia e haawi aku i ka pane i ka papa kuhikuhiE ninau: pehea kanaka e hele i loko o ka lewa? Ua Ua hooholoia e lawe mai ia mea ma luna o kānaka ma kahi hoʻokahi.

I kēia lā, e hiki no ke waiho i ka moku no kekahi mau hola, a pana aku au i loko o ke kahua a puni astronauts ka loa huikau manipulations. Akā, i loko o ka 60 makahiki ia mea e like me ka hemolele Fantasy, a me he pepehi anaʻia iā iho.

moku

Initially, he pae o astronauts hoomakaukau ana no ka holo oia Leonov, Gorbatko a me Khrunov. Belyaev ua ma luna o ke kapa o ka expulsion mai ka cosmonaut mau pūʻali no ola kumu, a ma ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o Gagarin wale nō ka mea i komo i loko o ke aʻo pae i ka lele.

E like me ka hopena, elua o ka luina i hana: i ka papa kuhikuhiE - Belyayev, Leonov - a me ka papaʻa - Gorbatko, Khrunov. Ka luina o kēia huakaʻi, ua hoike aku la i na mea e pono ai. Ke kime i ka hana me ka hui pu ia lakou, a me na astronauts - e hana maʻalahi i kekahi i kekahi, i ka hua'ōlelo o kaʻike manaʻo.

Hōʻike i nā hualoaʻa hōʻike i Belyaev loaʻa nui mea keʻakeʻa a me ka composure, hiki ole ke lilo i kou poo i loko o nā wahi, i hiki, a me Leonov, ma ka mea ku ole, impetuous, impulsive, akā, extraordinarily wiwoʻole, a koa hoʻi. Kēia mau kānaka, no laila, okoa ma ka ano, hiki ike hui kaulua, a mea he elue ma ka mea, e hoʻokō i ka mua kanaka spacewalk.

aʻo

Ka mea mua ekolu malama o na astronauts i këia i ka manao o ka mea hou moku a me ka pono, i ukali ia e lōʻihi-makahiki aʻo i loko o weightless ana. Ua koi 'ia maneuverable mokulele a me ka loa inā pilikia ka haumāna ke kahu moku, i hiki maluhia hana aerobatics. Per hola holo ana ua hiki ke simulate weightlessness i ka huina o ma kahi o 2 minuke mokulele. Ka mea, ua i keia manawa i ka astronauts i ke i manawa e hana mai a pau o ka polokalamu hoʻopaʻa '.

Initially lele MiG Sparky, akā, strapped na astronauts ua hikiʻole naʻe i ka neʻe. Ua Ua hooholoia e lawe i ka oi akea Li-104LL. Loko o ka pelaneʻia o ka spacecraft Ua hoʻouka kekahi me ke keʻena laka, i loko o kēia makeshift okŘkohukohu, a ua hooholoia kumu aʻo.

ke koikoi e uhauhaʻi,

I kēia mau lā i loko o ka iau makahiki, e hiki ke ike i ka ia hoopii, ma a Leonov ike kanaka spacewalk. Photo o ka akaaka astronaut ka mahiole a me ka palapala "USSR" hele a puni i nā nūpepa o ke ao nei, akā,ʻaʻohe kekahi hiki i noonoo nui ho'āʻo pono i ke kumukuai o ka minoʻaka pū pehea.

No no ka mea, ua ulu ka "Voskhod-2" kūikawā kahua e uhauhaʻi, i i hili 'inoa o "Berkut". Ka mea, ua hou sila wahī, a waiho iho la ma hope o ka astronaut backpack ola kākoʻo nenoaiu. No ka maikaʻi malamalama noʻonoʻo i ke ano o na e uhauhaʻi, kahi o ka kuʻuna 'alani hoʻohana White hoʻololi. Ka lōʻihi o ke kaupaona "Golden aeto" ua ma kahi o 100 kg.

All aʻo i mua i loko o spacesuits, e malu'ōnaehana na lau e e makemake nui. Ke ea lako Ua iʻano nāwaliwali loa, a 'o ia hoʻi ia ma ka iki neʻe cosmonaut koke uhi me ka hou, mai ke kanana nei.

Eia hou, na uhauhaʻi, he loa ke koikoi. Ka mea, ua ai ke kaumaha o ia i ka lima, ka mea i koi 'ia e ho'āʻo pono e i loko o aneane 25 kilograms. Ia e hiki ke hana i loko o ua kapa kekahi neʻeʻana, ka mea, i ia e mau hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ke hana ua e komo ai, akā, na astronauts ua stubbornly i kona pahu hopu - e e hiki i ke kanaka spacewalk. Leonov, ma ke alanui, i noʻonoʻo i ka loa a me ka mana hoi i hoomanawanui i loko o ka pae, a ua pili kēia hoʻoholo ma mua o kona nui kūlana i loko o ka ho okolohua.

illustrative hana

Ma ka waena o ke aʻo i loko o Moscow hele mai kekahi hoaaloha nui o ka USSR Charles de Ka Gaulle a me Khrushchev hoʻoholo i ka hōʻike aku i mua o ka ona successes o Soviet pokoleʻimi loa i ka lewa. He hoʻoholo ihola e hōʻike i ka'ōlelo Farani, e like me ka astronauts e holopono ana mai kanaka spacewalk. Ua koke ihola i ka maoli holo hoouna e ka luina, ka mea e komo i loko o kēia "e hoohalike ai". By mea o Gagarin i loko o kēiaʻano nui manawa Khrunova kuapo Belyaev. E like me ka memoirs Khrunova, oia i ike i ka manaʻo, akä, o keia loli no ka lōʻihi manawa mālama i hoomauhala i ka Gagarin no keia inexplicable hana.

hope Gagarin wehewehe Khrunov kona kulana, oia i manaoio aku i ka mea i pono, e haawi Belyaev hope pomaikai e lele i loko o ka lewa. Young Khrunov ke hana ia laila oi ma mua o hookahi a hiki i ka ia Belyaev maikaʻi hoʻomākaukau Leonov mai o ka manaʻoʻike wahi o ka Hawaii.

Pilikia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka '

Iloko o ka lā ua he pilikia nui, e hoʻomaka. Aie i ka palaleha 'ana o ke koa kiai like mai o ke kaa, e kaha i ka tightness o ka puka inflatable e mai ia, haule iho la, a wawahi ae la. i hookoe i, a no ia mea, ka mea i hooholoia, e hoʻohana i ka loa, kahi astronauts hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka lōʻihi manawa. Kēia hana ' hiki i ua ona, akā, mea pōmaikaʻi, i kekahi mea i hiki mai ai, pinepine hoʻohana i ka'īpuka malama aku, a me ka mea mua kanaka spacewalk ana i ekemu ae.

hua makahiki

About kanaka hana nei ma ka makahiki o ka puu o theories. Detractors koi i ka astronaut e hele ma waho o ka spaceship, laila welded ia mea, e hiki ole ai ke hoʻoneʻe a hana e hele i hehena. He loa paʻakikī e noonoo ai i na mea e ae hiki i kekahi kanaka huli i loko o ka spacewalk. 1965 hiki wale ia i ka makahiki o ka Kiure ole o ka Soviet pokole polokalamu. Eia naʻe, e hoʻokūpaʻa ai ke Säkona i ka pessimistic kumumanaʻo ke wale nō hana.

Eia hou, i ka manawa ia i ole i ulu kekahi hoʻopakele nenoai. Ka mea wale nō mea i i hana mai ai no ka astronauts - mea he olelo hooholo i loko a hihia, wale wehe i ka puka, a kau mai i kona lima.

A hiki i ka moku i komo i ka paʻa mua ka Astronomical, hoomaka ae la Leonov e hoomakaukau ai no ka OAAIeOO. hele aku la na mea a pau e like me ka manao, i ka wa o ka hora o ka X, ka astronaut mālie kulaʻi aku, a lana mai ke airlock i loko o ka lewa.

I kaʻino wānana o skeptics i ole e hele maiʻoiaʻiʻo, a me ka astronaut i e manao ana nani maikai. He hookoia i ka polokalamu hoakaka ia, a ia ka manawa e hoʻi ai i ka moku. Me ia he mau pilikia. Pehu ana ma ka 'Aʻohe umekaumaha makahiki hoopii i Leonov komo i ka'īpuka. A laila,ʻo ia, me ka Consulting kekahi, kū kaʻawale i kuʻu iho i ka puʻe i loko o ka spacesuit, a ua komo 'o headfirst i loko o ka laka, a i hope versa, e like me ka ua? Aaony. Ka mua kanaka spacewalk i pau, a me Alexei Leonov mau loa kākauʻia kona inoa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka lewaʻimi loa i ka lewa.

PE ihona pali

"Voskhod-2" i ka hailona o flaws, a ma hope o holomua paʻa o ka? Ia? Aiiu lele i ka ulia pōpilikia. A hiki i ka pana ana o ka auoiaea'īpuka, e pani i ka poe-stellar nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo kohoʻia. I ka wa o ka moku i ka hana ana i kona 16th ka Astronomical a puni ka Honua, mai ka MCC loaa kuhikuhi e kū'ē. Akā, i ka moku hoʻomau i ka lele, me he mea ole ia i hanaia. A hiki aku la ia i loko o ka 17th puni, e lilo i mea akaka i ka 'akomi kohoʻia'ōnaehana i ole e hana, a me ka moa i ke OIeEOEIeAeEIIe, i ka manuale e hooponopono. Holo ana, i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o i ua kanaka spacewalk hiki hope i loko o ka hewa.

Ma ka lilo ana o, alahula mau pono 'Belyaev a me Leonov hoopaa iho ai i ka hooponopono ana o ka moku, aka, no ka hopena me ka engine aku ma ka aneane kekahi minuke. E like me ka hopena o ka n ieaie? Pae paena mea hope ma a pae i ke kāhea Module i loko o ka anuanu nahele o Perm.

Ka hoʻopakele ana

Nā astronauts i loko o ka hooilo ulu ka lōʻihi nā lā. Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi helekopa no ho'āʻo e hoolei mai ia mahana kapa, akā, hala, a ua nalowale ka aina i loko o nā snowdrifts.

Ke helekopa ke ole e hoopae ai i loko o ka hiamoe nui ka hau i waena o nā lāʻau, a i ole i na astronauts ka pono lako a pan paha, e kua i lalo i kumu lāʻau a me ka ninini i ka wai ma luna o ka hau, a me ka hau i ka hana i makeshift pae pale. Ultimately hoʻopakele kime i ka wāwae o ka paʻahau astronauts a me ke alakai mai ia lakou mai o ka ululaau nahelehele.

I loko nō o nā pilikia a pau o ko lakou hoomakaukau ana, a kaʻawaʻawa hana 'oiai ka lele, Belyayev a me Leonov Makuakane a me kona papa kuhikuhiE hana - e lawe mai kanaka spacewalk. Ka lā o kēia hanana i lilo kekahi o ka loa nui milestones i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Soviet pokole polokalamu.