Na wai i pepehi Alexander 2 a me ke kumu? A lohe o Alexander i make e 2?

Ka Emperor hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala a me ka epithet 'Liberator', lawe mai nā kenekulia-kahiko moe ana o na kanaka ma ka abolition o serfdom, ua he luahi o kanaka, mai ka ia kanaka, a hiki i ka hoonoho papa ana ia o ke ola a waiho akulaʻo ia i ka nui o ke kākoʻo 'ana. Kona make ana ke hoala mai i na mea pohihihi iwaena o moʻolelo. Ua ike makou nou i ka inoa o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ka pōkā pahū, a, aka hoi, ke ninau "No ke aha la i pepehi Alexander 2? 'A i ole ike pane a hiki i kēia lā.

Nā mea hoʻololi a me kā lākou mau hopena

State ha awina Alexander 2 e malama me ka ki o ka'ōlelo kaulana "ua hoalaala ia me ka maikai manao alanui i ka po." Pii i ka noho aliʻi ma ka makahiki o kanakolu-ʻeono makahiki,ʻo ia i ka moʻo o ka'ano'ē loli '. He e hoʻokele i ke hoʻokō 'disastrous no Rusia ke Crimean War, he nele hopelessly i kona makua kāne - Rotehama I. hōʻoki aku serfdom. Hookupaa conscription, hoʻolauna i ka kūloko aupuni, a ua i Hookolokolo mihi. Eia hou,ʻo ia e hoʻokele i mitigate i ka censorship, a kōkua Hotele'āina'ē.

Naʻe, i ka hopena o nā mea a pau o kona maikai hoʻomakaʻana, komo pū i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia me he "nui nā mea hoʻololi", ua ka impoverishment o kauwa, hookuuia oia mai ka noho kauā kuapaʻa, akā, nele o ko lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka hale - o ka honua; depletion o ko lākou mau nona kahiko - aliʻi; palaho, uhi nā spheres o ke aupuni; i ka moʻo o ka pōʻino hewa i loko o kuwaho. ʻae nō hoʻi, i loko o ka hoʻohui pū ana i nā mea a pau i kēia mau kumumea, a ke imi nei e ka pane ana i ka ninau o ke kumu i make Alexander 2.

Ka hoʻomaka o ke kaula o ka ho'āhewa wale

Ma Russian mōʻaukala ua i ka Mō'ī, i makemake e ai kūpono a relentlessly ho'āʻo e pepehi. Alexander 2 Ua i eono ho'āʻo, i ka hope o ka i hoao iho ona no ia. E like ma mua o ka "Narodnaya Volya" - he hui i pepehi Alexander 2 - oo hai kona ola ana, i ka papa inoa o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale wehe i ka hookahi Dmitry Karakozov. April 4, 1866 (a pau nā lā i hāʻawiʻia i loko o ka pauku, hou kaila), pana aku la ia i ka Emperor, e hele mai ana mai mai o ka puka o ka Summer mahinaai ma ka Neva embankment. Ke pana ua hoʻokuʻikahi, e hoʻopakele i ke ola o Alexander.

I kekahi hoao i May 25, 1867 ma Palika i Polish immigrant Anton Berezovsky. Ua hanaʻia i loko o ka kipa o ka Emperor ma ka World ka Fair. Ka poʻe hala. Kona hanaʻo ia ma hope wehewehe e hoopai aku i ka Lūkini mō'ī no ka mea koko suppression o ka Polish uprising o 1863.

Kēia i ukali ia e hoouka April 14, 1879, i hana 'ia i ka hoʻomaha collegiate assessor Aleksandrom Solovovym, kekahi o ka hui "Land a me ke ku okoa ana". He ua hiki, e kiai no ka Emperor ma ka Palace Square i kona mau hele, ka mea ana i hana wale nō, a me ka hoomalu ana. Ke attacker Ua i elima pana pua aku makou, akā, a pau i ole no kuʻu kaumaha.

Ke Debut o na People

1 Kekemapa o ka ia makahiki, i i ma ka People, ka mea i pepehi Alexander 2 mau makahiki ma hope o kona mua ho'āʻo. Ka mea, ho'āʻo e puhi i ke aliʻi mau ukali ma kona ala hele ma Moscow. Hāʻule maila lākou i hoʻomaopopo i ko kakou mau manao i ka pilikia ma muli o ia i ka puhi i mea ole o ka haku mele 'ana, a me ka Emperor noho unharmed.

A, ma hope, i ka moʻo o ka ole ka ho'āʻo 'ana ka pulima Naita me hekili February 17, 1880 ma ka papahele mua o ka Winter Palace. Ua i he lâlâ o ka hui "People ka Will" Stepan Khalturin. Kēia i ka hope hihia, i ka wa o ka hopena o ka Emperor E ola ola. Kēia manawa Alexander 2 hoolaia mai ka make ma ka pale lohi i loko o ka lā no ka aina awakea, a me ka infernal mīkini hana i loko o kona wa e kaawale aku. Kela manawa, ua hoonohoia he kūikawā aupuni Komisina i ka pule, e hakakā ka weliweli a me ka pololei ma ka aina.

Ke koko ma luna o ke Canal embankment

Ona i ka Emperor ua March 13, 1881. Ma kēia lā,ʻo ia, e like me ka mau, hoi mai ka oki mare lehulehu i loko o ka Mikhailovsky Manege. Ma hope o ke kipa ana ma ke ala o ka Luna Nui Duchess Ana Mikhailovna, Alexander hele ana ma ko lakou ala, hele aku la a hiki i ka embankment o ka Ana Canal, kahi āna i kali ai ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli.

I ka inoa o ke kanaka nana i pepehi Alexander 2, ua manawa maopopo loa ai i nā mea a pau. Kēia mea he Pole, he haumāna o ka St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute Ignatius Grinevitsky. He hoolei i ka pōkā pahū ukali ia e kona mau hoa Nikolaem Rysakovym kekahi metnuvshy infernal mīkini, akā, i ole no kuʻu kaumaha. I ka ka mea mua Naita meʻino i ka Emperor la mai o ke kaa, Grinevitsky hoolei aku la ia ia i ka pōkā pahū ma lalo o kona mau wāwae. Mortally i lawe i ka Winter Palace, kahi i make ai me ka hoopaa ana ike paka i eha Auguseto.

'aha kū'ē

I ka makahiki 1881, oia i pepehi ia Alexander 2, i ka hana o ka moku'āina Komisina, eia nae ko waho he haawi i ka manaʻo o feverish haʻawina, akā naʻe, he mea nui loa malihini. Moʻolelo i kumu e manaoio i ua i ka hopena o ke kipi ana o ka aha waiwai, mua o nā mea a pau, olioli ole me ka lokomaikaʻi nā mea hoʻololi lawelawe 'ia e ka Auguseto i ka make ana o Alexander, a me ka lua, e makau oukou ia i ka manawa kūpono o ke kumukānāwai.

Eia hou, i ka laulā o ka lani kiekie loa dignitaries me landowners ma mua, ka poe i lilo i ko lakou serfs, a pela ua loaa ia nui ka pōʻino. Ka mea, i ka ike kumu, e inaina i ka Auguseto. Inā mākou e noonoo i ka mea mai keia huina, ka mea i ike ke kumu pepehi Alexander 2.

A na ia kāna Hoomalu Oihana

Keʻena o Gendarmes hana i loio i hilahila. Ua ua ike ia i loko o ka wā mua o ka pepehi kanaka o kekahi mau papa hoike o ka pōʻino e hiki mai kaua, a hiki i hōʻike i ka hiki wahi i loaa. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe pane no ka mea, ua i hahai. ¶ A, i ka wa a na koa kiai o ke kānāwai ka mea i hoike ia ma Malaya Sadovaya - ia mea kokoke i ke kahi o ka pepehi Alexander 2 - o koʻu mau i ke ala o kona hikiʻaoʻao, ka mea i kaupalena 'ia wale nō ka cursory nana o ka pa mai a ka tunnel i hana.

ʻAʻohe ke komoʻana (paha aole nae i loaa ka mea pono e nana ole), ua aeia na gendarmes poʻe hoʻoweliweli, e hoʻomau e hoomakaukau i ka hoouka. Ua mea i kekahi ka noonoo e wehe ae i ka lima o ka hewa makemake, e hana aku ia lakou, e lawe mai i ko lakou mau mea kuka. Ke hoʻohuoiʻia o ka mea i ka wā i ka pōʻino i ia wahi, a ua hala aku ka Auguseto, ka mea i loaʻa iā ia i loko o ka hale aliʻi, e like me ka ikaika kū'ē, i hopu me ka mea ia e kahaha rapidity na i komo a pau o ke kīmopō. Aia mea i kanalua i ka gendarmes ko laua wahi i hui pepehi Alexander 2.

pilikia o ka succession

Eia hou, i ka ninau ana o ka poe i pepehi Alexander 2 (a oi pololei, ua ka maoli hoʻokuhikuhi o ka pepehi kanaka), e noonoo, a i puka mai ai i loko o ka pā kaua o ka dynastic ulia. Kona keiki, a me ka hoʻoilina i ka noho aliʻi, i ka wā e hiki mai czar Alexander III no, i na kumu, e makau no lākou wā e hiki mai. Ka mea e ma ka hoʻomaka o ia makahiki, oia i pepehi Alexander 2, o ka Emperor wā, māhunehune ku i ke koi 'ia hoʻokahi kanahā lā ma hope o ka make ana o kana pono i ka wahine a Maria Alexandrovna, mare me kona punahele Alii Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy.

Ua haawiia i kona makua kāne nui ma mua o kekahi manawa ma mua i hoike i ka makemake e wehe ia ia, mai ka hale aliʻi, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich hiki wale kuhi i ka pāpale aliʻi āna i manaʻo ai e hele mai i ka ia, akā, i ke keiki i ua hānau o ka hou mare ana. E pale aku i kēia hiki wale i ka make ana, a ua haawiia mai ka mua hoao, makemake i ka wahine i kekahi, e ho'āla e hoʻohuoiʻia.

Ka mua i loko o ka hou mōʻaukala o ka hui poʻe hoʻoweliweli

O ka mea pepehi Tsar Alexander 2 (poʻe hoʻoweliweli Ignatius Grinevitsky), ua he lâlâ 'o ka lola honua hoao ana, "Narodnaya Volya". Ua Ua manaoio aku ia ia i ka mea mua i loko o ka hou mōʻaukala o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hui. Ua Ua hana kūikawā wale nō ma luna o pili awaa, i ike i ka hiki ala wale i ka hoʻololi 'ana i na kahua.

Ua Ua haku o kanaka, ka poe i pili i ka loa like nāʻoihana o ke kaiāulu. No ka laʻana, Perovskaya Sofia, pono kākoʻo i ka kīmopō hoao ma ka Ana Canal, ua he noblewoman, a hiki i ke kaikamahine a ke kiaaina o St. Petersburg, a me kona colleague i loko o ka paio, a me ka naau o kela a me keia Zhelyabov - hele mai ana, mai ka ohana o serfs.

olelo ke alii

Ka i koho aku i ke ala o ka weliweli, e hoʻokō kālai'āina pahu hopu, i ka mea, ma luna o lākou hālāwai mua, e paʻa ana i ka 1879, a ua hoʻoholo like i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make ma Alexander 2 a mahope makahiki hana i loko o ka manaʻo o kona hooholo ana. No ia mea, ua nui e luku mai i ka autocrat,ʻaʻohe mea ma ia hana, a ma ka makahiki. 2 pepehi Alexander fanatics,ʻaʻole schadivshie no utopian hoʻokahuli aupuni i ka manaʻo nui, aole hoi i ko lakou mau ola, ka emi malihini.

Naʻe, i loko o ka 'ölelo-ola me ka make wai puna ka mea, he kumu maikai e wikiwiki. Nā poʻe hoʻoweliweli ike ia ma March 14, ua häʻawi mai ai iä ka apono ia ana o ke kumu kanawai, a me ka hiki ole e ia e hiki mai, no ka mea, e like me ko lakou mau helu, ka hookamaia o ia ka nui mōʻaukala palapala ke emi ka nui o nā lawelawe hoʻopilikia i loko o ke aupuni a me ka hoonele ia i ka paioʻana o ke aupuni kākoʻo. Ua Ua hoʻoholo i loko o na mea a pau i, e hana aku me ke alii me ka hikiwawe e loaa.

Reassessment o ka mōʻaukala realities

Ka moʻolelo Ua lilo i ka inoa o ke kanaka nana i pepehi Alexander 2, haalele i kona mau wawae infernal mīkini, akā, aneane moʻolelo e e hiki ke hooiaio i ka ho'ōia a holo pono mahuʻi mua o ka 'ole i loko o ke kipi o ke kahua koʻikoʻi a hanohano a me ka hooilina i ka noho aliʻi. Palapala e hoʻokahe i mālamalama ma luna o kēia pukana, he mea ole. Ua Ua manaoio i na initiators o ka kīmopō a me kona perpetrators he ui kanaka, nā lālā o ka lola honua hui ana o "Narodnaya Volya".

Iloko o ka Soviet wā a pau i nā papa hana i kaua aku ma mua i ke autocracy, touted like spokesmen o ka mōʻaukala oiaio. Ua ho'āponoʻia kā lākou mau hana a me kona koko i hoʻokaheʻia i mea like me ka oi. Akā, ina o ka ninau e ninau aku i keia la: "Owai na kanaka, ka poe i pepehi Alexander 2 i - hewa paha ole," i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia o ka pane neiʻo ia.

Kia i ka Tsar Liberator

Mōʻaukala ua maopopo i ka pahuhopu ua ole mau ho'āpono aku i ka mea, a me kekahi manawa kaua i ka mea pono, i waena o ka hewa. Nolaila, o ka mea nana i pepehi Alexander 2, i ole lilo i ka haaheo o Rusia. Kona inoa ua i kapaia o ke kulanakauhale alanui a me kihikihiʻo ia i ia i kukulu ia kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Ma ka ninau a ina paha, i loko o ka makahiki i make Alexander 2, e hoolohe no na mea he nui, akā, no ka inoa i ke kai ka inoa ka pilikia.

I ka Ia manawa ma luna o ka wahi ka make ana o ka mea i pepehi Emperor-Liberator kūkulu i ka nani luakini, popularly kapaʻia ka mea e ola ai ma kahe koko, a me ka ia i lilo i mau loa kia. Iloko o na makahiki o atheistic obscurantism mea pinepine ae la oia ho'āʻo e lawe ia, akā, i kēlā manawa i ka mana o kaʻike makaʻole lima o vandalsʻewaʻewa. E kii aku ia hoʻopaʻi, ka mea hiki ia i ka manamana lima o ke Akua, akā, me ka hoomanao o Alexander 2, uhai na kaulahao o ka serfdom, a e hoomalamalama ia me ke gula Dome, a me kona mau pepehi kanaka a pau i hele i loko o ka pouli o ka mōʻaukala.